• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
11/11 := sup{|/(*)|: x £ B(X)}.
11/11 := sup{|/(*)|: x £ B(X)}.

9/21 handout
9/21 handout

A.7 Convergence and Continuity in Topological Spaces
A.7 Convergence and Continuity in Topological Spaces

Branched covers of the Riemann sphere
Branched covers of the Riemann sphere

Lecture 3 - Stony Brook Mathematics
Lecture 3 - Stony Brook Mathematics

On the category of topological topologies
On the category of topological topologies

... Theorem 2.3 and the 4-morphism {f, g}: {B, C}--+ {B’, C’ j} is hom ( f , g ) , for any f : B ’ --+ B and g : c » C’ . If B ( Y , Y*) 6 q , it is known by [8] , As for the internal hom ...
Generalized functions
Generalized functions

Topology I
Topology I

Topological vector spaces - SISSA People Personal Home Pages
Topological vector spaces - SISSA People Personal Home Pages

A COUNTABLY COMPACT SPACE AND ITS PRODUCTS1 theorem
A COUNTABLY COMPACT SPACE AND ITS PRODUCTS1 theorem

the quotient topology - Math User Home Pages
the quotient topology - Math User Home Pages

On hereditarily normal rectifiable spaces
On hereditarily normal rectifiable spaces

LECTURE NOTES 4: CECH COHOMOLOGY 1
LECTURE NOTES 4: CECH COHOMOLOGY 1

... X 7→ Z(X) = C(X, Z) is a contravariant functor from C to (sets). It is the functor corepresented by Z. Example 1.4. Let A be an abelian group, considered as a space with the discrete topology. Then A(U ) = map(U, A) is a group: if f, g : U → A, then their sum is ...
Linear operators whose domain is locally convex
Linear operators whose domain is locally convex

... T(S) is closed. If G M* then » B~' is continuous on T(S) by Theorem 2.2, and the set of such affine functionals separate the points of T(S). The case of general F follows by embedding in a product of F-spaces. 3. Operators on Banach spaces Now suppose X is a Banach space. Theorem 2.3 yields: ...
GEOMETRY OF SURFACES b3 course 2004 Nigel Hitchin
GEOMETRY OF SURFACES b3 course 2004 Nigel Hitchin

On S- ρ -Connected Space in a Topological Space
On S- ρ -Connected Space in a Topological Space

Chapter 6 Convergences Preserving Continuity
Chapter 6 Convergences Preserving Continuity

New and Old Types of Homogeneity
New and Old Types of Homogeneity

Section 4: Topological Invariants, Part II: Com
Section 4: Topological Invariants, Part II: Com

More on Semi-Urysohn Spaces
More on Semi-Urysohn Spaces

1. R. F. Arens, A topology for spaces of transformations, Ann. of Math
1. R. F. Arens, A topology for spaces of transformations, Ann. of Math

... In the presence of a norm, the operation of inversion, that is, the passage from x to x~~x in A, is easily seen to be analytic (in a sense defined in [4]) and an application of the Liouville theorem establishes that A is the complex number system. In connection with nonnormed algebras one is hampere ...
HOMEWORK MATH 445 11/7/14 (1) Let T be a topology for R
HOMEWORK MATH 445 11/7/14 (1) Let T be a topology for R

Analogies between the Real and Digital Lines and Circles
Analogies between the Real and Digital Lines and Circles

Chapter 2: Lie Groups
Chapter 2: Lie Groups

Alexandroff One Point Compactification
Alexandroff One Point Compactification

... Let X be a non empty topological space. We say that X is locally-relativelycompact if and only if: (Def. 4) For every point x of X holds there exists a neighbourhood of x which is relatively-compact. Let X be a non empty topological space. We say that X is locally-closed/compact if and only if: (Def ...
< 1 ... 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 ... 127 >

Fundamental group

In the mathematics of algebraic topology, the fundamental group is a mathematical group associated to any given pointed topological space that provides a way to determine when two paths, starting and ending at a fixed base point, can be continuously deformed into each other. It records information about the basic shape, or holes, of the topological space. The fundamental group is the first and simplest homotopy group. The fundamental group is a topological invariant: homeomorphic topological spaces have the same fundamental group.Fundamental groups can be studied using the theory of covering spaces, since a fundamental group coincides with the group of deck transformations of the associated universal covering space. The abelianization of the fundamental group can be identified with the first homology group of the space. When the topological space is homeomorphic to a simplicial complex, its fundamental group can be described explicitly in terms of generators and relations.Henri Poincaré defined the fundamental group in 1895 in his paper ""Analysis situs"". The concept emerged in the theory of Riemann surfaces, in the work of Bernhard Riemann, Poincaré, and Felix Klein. It describes the monodromy properties of complex-valued functions, as well as providing a complete topological classification of closed surfaces.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report