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Elements of Homotopy Fall 2008 Prof. Kathryn Hess Series 13 Let B
Elements of Homotopy Fall 2008 Prof. Kathryn Hess Series 13 Let B

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Quotients - Dartmouth Math Home

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Lecture XI - Homotopies of maps. Deformation retracts.

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KOC¸ UNIVERSITY, Spring 2011, MATH 571 TOPOLOGY, FINAL

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Topology Exercise sheet 3

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Week 5: Operads and iterated loop spaces October 25, 2015

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... Definition 2. Let f : X → Y be a map of topological spaces. We say that f is a rational homotopy equivalence if it induces an isomorphism on rational cohomology H∗ (Y ; Q) → H∗ (X; Q) (this is equivalent to the assertion that f induces an isomorphism on rational homology). We say that a space Z is r ...
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Fundamental group

In the mathematics of algebraic topology, the fundamental group is a mathematical group associated to any given pointed topological space that provides a way to determine when two paths, starting and ending at a fixed base point, can be continuously deformed into each other. It records information about the basic shape, or holes, of the topological space. The fundamental group is the first and simplest homotopy group. The fundamental group is a topological invariant: homeomorphic topological spaces have the same fundamental group.Fundamental groups can be studied using the theory of covering spaces, since a fundamental group coincides with the group of deck transformations of the associated universal covering space. The abelianization of the fundamental group can be identified with the first homology group of the space. When the topological space is homeomorphic to a simplicial complex, its fundamental group can be described explicitly in terms of generators and relations.Henri Poincaré defined the fundamental group in 1895 in his paper ""Analysis situs"". The concept emerged in the theory of Riemann surfaces, in the work of Bernhard Riemann, Poincaré, and Felix Klein. It describes the monodromy properties of complex-valued functions, as well as providing a complete topological classification of closed surfaces.
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