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... To determine whether intact cellular organization was required for virus adsorption and inactivation, HeLa cells were disrupted by 10 cycles of rapid freezing and thawing. Resultant debris of 5 )< 108 HeLa cells was incubated for 2 hours at 37°C. with about 105 PFU of poliovirus in 1.0 ml. BSS, dilu ...
... To determine whether intact cellular organization was required for virus adsorption and inactivation, HeLa cells were disrupted by 10 cycles of rapid freezing and thawing. Resultant debris of 5 )< 108 HeLa cells was incubated for 2 hours at 37°C. with about 105 PFU of poliovirus in 1.0 ml. BSS, dilu ...
Reactivation of latent infection and induction of recurrent herpetic
... o f r e c u r r e n t disease on d a y s 2, 3 a n d 4. T h e y were t h e n killed a n d t h e i r tissues r e m o v e d for the isolation o f virus or for P A P staining to d e t e c t HSV-1 antigens. Infectious virus was first isolated f r o m one o f 14 T G 1 s a m p l e s f r o m m a l e m i c e ...
... o f r e c u r r e n t disease on d a y s 2, 3 a n d 4. T h e y were t h e n killed a n d t h e i r tissues r e m o v e d for the isolation o f virus or for P A P staining to d e t e c t HSV-1 antigens. Infectious virus was first isolated f r o m one o f 14 T G 1 s a m p l e s f r o m m a l e m i c e ...
Vertebrate reservoirs and secondary epidemiological cycles of
... waste plastic provided abundant breeding sites. These mosquitoes shifted easily from zoophagy to anthropophagy, which led to persistent cycles in human communities, no longer requiring wildlife reservoirs. The recent trend is for autochthonous outbreaks, and now that suitable vectors in urban enviro ...
... waste plastic provided abundant breeding sites. These mosquitoes shifted easily from zoophagy to anthropophagy, which led to persistent cycles in human communities, no longer requiring wildlife reservoirs. The recent trend is for autochthonous outbreaks, and now that suitable vectors in urban enviro ...
Biological control using sterilizing viruses
... 1996) aect interactions between host and parasite. The ®rst model is developed to examine how the interplay of demographic and epidemiological parameters aects establishment and persistence of the virus, and the degree to which host density is suppressed. We also consider how the degree of `host s ...
... 1996) aect interactions between host and parasite. The ®rst model is developed to examine how the interplay of demographic and epidemiological parameters aects establishment and persistence of the virus, and the degree to which host density is suppressed. We also consider how the degree of `host s ...
A BIOSENSOR APPROACH FOR THE DETECTION OF ACTIVE
... and sanitation crisis claims more lives than any warfare and is predicted to be one of the biggest global challenges of this century. The rapid, accurate detection of viral pathogens from environmental samples is an ongoing and pertinent challenge in biological engineering. Currently employed method ...
... and sanitation crisis claims more lives than any warfare and is predicted to be one of the biggest global challenges of this century. The rapid, accurate detection of viral pathogens from environmental samples is an ongoing and pertinent challenge in biological engineering. Currently employed method ...
Maternal immune status influences HIV- prime protein boost using mucosal adjuvant
... After the final booster immunization the female mice were selected for mating and the off-spring immunized within 15-18 days after birth, still during the breast feeding-period. All immunizations were performed under anesthesia with 4% isofluran (Abbott Scandinavia, Solna, Sweden). The pups (enumera ...
... After the final booster immunization the female mice were selected for mating and the off-spring immunized within 15-18 days after birth, still during the breast feeding-period. All immunizations were performed under anesthesia with 4% isofluran (Abbott Scandinavia, Solna, Sweden). The pups (enumera ...
Evaluation of assay methods and false positive results in the
... million people are infected with HCV worldwide, and most of the patients are concentrated in developing countries [4]. ...
... million people are infected with HCV worldwide, and most of the patients are concentrated in developing countries [4]. ...
Hygiene Policy
... bottles and supplies and commonly undertake both domestic and international travel. Furthermore international travel exposes athletes to indigenous diseases for which they may have little or no natural immunity. Finally there is some information to suggest that athletes tend to be risk takers which ...
... bottles and supplies and commonly undertake both domestic and international travel. Furthermore international travel exposes athletes to indigenous diseases for which they may have little or no natural immunity. Finally there is some information to suggest that athletes tend to be risk takers which ...
Viral infections acquired indoors through airborne, droplet or contact
... Transmission during air travel is documented [25-28]. In this context, the risk of infection is difficult to estimate, and very few control methods are available [28]. Large outbreaks of influenza have been described in schools, involving both students and staff members. Schools are known to have an ...
... Transmission during air travel is documented [25-28]. In this context, the risk of infection is difficult to estimate, and very few control methods are available [28]. Large outbreaks of influenza have been described in schools, involving both students and staff members. Schools are known to have an ...
Identification of host cell proteins involved in Shigella flexneri
... 3.4.1 Dynamin II is important for S. flexneri cell-to-cell spreading but not protrusion formation ........................................................................................................................... 79 3.4.2 Dynamin II is localised to the F-actin tail and protrusions of S. fle ...
... 3.4.1 Dynamin II is important for S. flexneri cell-to-cell spreading but not protrusion formation ........................................................................................................................... 79 3.4.2 Dynamin II is localised to the F-actin tail and protrusions of S. fle ...
Journal of Clinical Virology The importance of being earnest
... In addition, those women who engage in behaviours that put them at high risk for infection (e.g., injection-drug use, multiple sexual partners in previous 6 months, evaluation or treatment for a sexually transmitted infection [STI]), and those with clinical hepatitis should be re-tested at the time ...
... In addition, those women who engage in behaviours that put them at high risk for infection (e.g., injection-drug use, multiple sexual partners in previous 6 months, evaluation or treatment for a sexually transmitted infection [STI]), and those with clinical hepatitis should be re-tested at the time ...
EVOLUTION AND EMERGENCE OF PLANT VIRUSES
... with a reduction of the genetic diversity of chiltepin populations (González-Jara et al., 2011), and with an increase of both virus infection risk and disease risk (Pagán et al., 2012). The main predictor of disease risk was the species diversity of the habitat, followed by the genetic diversity of ...
... with a reduction of the genetic diversity of chiltepin populations (González-Jara et al., 2011), and with an increase of both virus infection risk and disease risk (Pagán et al., 2012). The main predictor of disease risk was the species diversity of the habitat, followed by the genetic diversity of ...
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)
... office or from a blood panel run at your veterinarian's reference laboratory. Once a cat has been identified as positive by a screening test, a follow-up confirmation test called a "Western Blot" is the next step. Once this test is positive, the cat is considered to be truly infected. A new kitten r ...
... office or from a blood panel run at your veterinarian's reference laboratory. Once a cat has been identified as positive by a screening test, a follow-up confirmation test called a "Western Blot" is the next step. Once this test is positive, the cat is considered to be truly infected. A new kitten r ...
Full Text
... According to epidemiological investigations, the previous area of EVD outbreak overlapped with fruit bat territory.12 In Africa, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Epomops franqueti and Myonycteris torquata are considered the natural hosts of the Ebola virus.8 In addition, some primates, such as apes or monke ...
... According to epidemiological investigations, the previous area of EVD outbreak overlapped with fruit bat territory.12 In Africa, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Epomops franqueti and Myonycteris torquata are considered the natural hosts of the Ebola virus.8 In addition, some primates, such as apes or monke ...
4 ijmsci - Valley International Journals
... was coined by Bateman1 as early as nineteenth century. These bodies were later named as Henderson Paterson Bodies. 2 It is a large doublestranded DNA virus that replicates in the cytoplasm of host epithelial cells. The typical sites ...
... was coined by Bateman1 as early as nineteenth century. These bodies were later named as Henderson Paterson Bodies. 2 It is a large doublestranded DNA virus that replicates in the cytoplasm of host epithelial cells. The typical sites ...
The use of antiretroviral therapy: A simplified approach for resource
... significantly slows the progression of HIV-1 disease.13 Furthermore, studies indicate that low viral load is associated with lower risk of heterosexual and perinatal transmission.16,17 Although combination of three antiretroviral drugs is expensive, studies indicate that it is a cost effective use o ...
... significantly slows the progression of HIV-1 disease.13 Furthermore, studies indicate that low viral load is associated with lower risk of heterosexual and perinatal transmission.16,17 Although combination of three antiretroviral drugs is expensive, studies indicate that it is a cost effective use o ...
INFECTION WITH INFECTIOUS SALMON ANAEMIA VIRUS
... 2.1.1. Aetiological agent, agent strains ISAV is an enveloped virus, 100–130 nm in diameter, with a genome consisting of eight single-stranded RNA segments with negative polarity (Dannevig et al., 1995. The virus has haemagglutinating, receptor-destroying and fusion activity (Falk et al., 1997; Mjaa ...
... 2.1.1. Aetiological agent, agent strains ISAV is an enveloped virus, 100–130 nm in diameter, with a genome consisting of eight single-stranded RNA segments with negative polarity (Dannevig et al., 1995. The virus has haemagglutinating, receptor-destroying and fusion activity (Falk et al., 1997; Mjaa ...
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: a
... infected ticks even though they themselves remain non-viremic.In a study recently CCHF was detected in the ticks from migratory birds in Morocco [42]. So the migratory birds may be a reason of transport of virus from one place to other distinct places [42, 43]. Apart from migratory birds, internatio ...
... infected ticks even though they themselves remain non-viremic.In a study recently CCHF was detected in the ticks from migratory birds in Morocco [42]. So the migratory birds may be a reason of transport of virus from one place to other distinct places [42, 43]. Apart from migratory birds, internatio ...
Clin Infect Dis.-2014-Gardner-725-34
... (as defined above). New patients were oversampled to ensure that approximately one-third of all enrollees were new patients. Each participant provided written informed consent, and the study was approved by the institutional review boards at each participating clinic site. ...
... (as defined above). New patients were oversampled to ensure that approximately one-third of all enrollees were new patients. Each participant provided written informed consent, and the study was approved by the institutional review boards at each participating clinic site. ...
Virulence Comparison of Three Buhl-Subtype Isolates of Infectious
... Received November 12, 1999; accepted September 3, 2000. ...
... Received November 12, 1999; accepted September 3, 2000. ...
An Epizootic Congenital Arthro- gryposis
... membrane filters with a 200 or 100 nm pore size, but not through 50 nm filters. These results are confirmed by electron microscopy in negatively-stained preparations. Numerous viral particles (Plate 3), roughly spherical, variable in size, about 70- 130 nm in diameter, are observed in the CsOl densi ...
... membrane filters with a 200 or 100 nm pore size, but not through 50 nm filters. These results are confirmed by electron microscopy in negatively-stained preparations. Numerous viral particles (Plate 3), roughly spherical, variable in size, about 70- 130 nm in diameter, are observed in the CsOl densi ...
Intern Case Report - Emergency Medicine
... Weerakkody RM, Palangasinghe DR, Dalpatadu KPC, Rankothumbura JP, Cassim MRN, and Karunanayake P. 2014. Dengue Fever in a Liver-transplanted Patient: A Case Report. Journal of Medical Case Reports 2014, 8: ...
... Weerakkody RM, Palangasinghe DR, Dalpatadu KPC, Rankothumbura JP, Cassim MRN, and Karunanayake P. 2014. Dengue Fever in a Liver-transplanted Patient: A Case Report. Journal of Medical Case Reports 2014, 8: ...
Emerging trends in plasma-free manufacturing of
... without causing obvious or noticeable symptoms [8]. Blood or plasma collected during this asymptomatic latent phase can be highly infectious. This is exemplified by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which has infected nearly 65 million people worldwide. An estimated 33 million people are currently ...
... without causing obvious or noticeable symptoms [8]. Blood or plasma collected during this asymptomatic latent phase can be highly infectious. This is exemplified by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which has infected nearly 65 million people worldwide. An estimated 33 million people are currently ...
Zika Virus as a Cause of Neurologic Disorders
... ika virus infections have been known in Africa and Asia since the 1940s, but the virus’s geographic range has expanded dramatically since 2007. Between January 1, 2007, and March 1, 2016, local transmission was reported in an additional 52 countries and territories, mainly in the Americas and the we ...
... ika virus infections have been known in Africa and Asia since the 1940s, but the virus’s geographic range has expanded dramatically since 2007. Between January 1, 2007, and March 1, 2016, local transmission was reported in an additional 52 countries and territories, mainly in the Americas and the we ...
Detecting natural selection in RNA virus populations using
... McDonald Kreitman (MK) test, have been applied to the Bovine immunodeficiency virus (Cooper et al., 1999), beak and feather disease virus (Ritchie et al., 2003) and North American Powassan virus (Ebel et al., 2001). Most pertinent to virus evolution, Williamson (2003) demonstrated that the MK test c ...
... McDonald Kreitman (MK) test, have been applied to the Bovine immunodeficiency virus (Cooper et al., 1999), beak and feather disease virus (Ritchie et al., 2003) and North American Powassan virus (Ebel et al., 2001). Most pertinent to virus evolution, Williamson (2003) demonstrated that the MK test c ...
HIV
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS is a condition in humans in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. Without treatment, average survival time after infection with HIV is estimated to be 9 to 11 years, depending on the HIV subtype. Infection with HIV occurs by the transfer of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate, or breast milk. Within these bodily fluids, HIV is present as both free virus particles and virus within infected immune cells.HIV infects vital cells in the human immune system such as helper T cells (specifically CD4+ T cells), macrophages, and dendritic cells. HIV infection leads to low levels of CD4+ T cells through a number of mechanisms, including apoptosis of uninfected bystander cells, direct viral killing of infected cells, and killing of infected CD4+ T cells by CD8 cytotoxic lymphocytes that recognize infected cells. When CD4+ T cell numbers decline below a critical level, cell-mediated immunity is lost, and the body becomes progressively more susceptible to opportunistic infections.