Brahmbhatt and Jonas
... International Cooperative Responses to Pandemic Threats Yet, a complete victory over microbes was not to be realized. A warning sign was the influenza pandemic of 1918–19 that caused 50 to 100 million deaths worldwide even with the great scientific advances of the nineteenth and early twentieth cen ...
... International Cooperative Responses to Pandemic Threats Yet, a complete victory over microbes was not to be realized. A warning sign was the influenza pandemic of 1918–19 that caused 50 to 100 million deaths worldwide even with the great scientific advances of the nineteenth and early twentieth cen ...
Hepatitis B Virus infection: virology
... • Epigenetic mechanisms may alter cccDNA transcriptional activity Correlation between viremia levels and acetylation status of ...
... • Epigenetic mechanisms may alter cccDNA transcriptional activity Correlation between viremia levels and acetylation status of ...
vaccinationinthehatch eries
... The strains used are of the Massachussets type (e.g., H120, Connecticut, Ma5), live attenuated, and for approximate spraying. Less attenuated strains, such as H52, have been abandonned. Vaccination will generally be repeated on the farm around 16-20 days using a similar strain or a variant. 2.4 Mare ...
... The strains used are of the Massachussets type (e.g., H120, Connecticut, Ma5), live attenuated, and for approximate spraying. Less attenuated strains, such as H52, have been abandonned. Vaccination will generally be repeated on the farm around 16-20 days using a similar strain or a variant. 2.4 Mare ...
viral marketing in the internet. characteristics
... The idea of viral marketing consists in defining group of people with high Social Networking Potential (SNP). In the second step, this group gets viral materials prepared earlier. If consumers of that information (SNP group) become infected and the receipt of the viral message is positive, there is ...
... The idea of viral marketing consists in defining group of people with high Social Networking Potential (SNP). In the second step, this group gets viral materials prepared earlier. If consumers of that information (SNP group) become infected and the receipt of the viral message is positive, there is ...
Annual Report 2015 - Pan American Health Organization
... 2010: http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&Item id=0&gid=10813&lang=fr. ...
... 2010: http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&Item id=0&gid=10813&lang=fr. ...
Assessing the Evidence Supporting Fruit Bats as the Primary
... evidence from the Luebo-2007 outbreak (Leroy et al. 2009); it was suggested that the first person to succumb to EVD (a 4-year-old child) was infected via sweat by her father, who had bought fruit bat meat from the local market and was presumed to be the index-case. The father did not fall ill or sho ...
... evidence from the Luebo-2007 outbreak (Leroy et al. 2009); it was suggested that the first person to succumb to EVD (a 4-year-old child) was infected via sweat by her father, who had bought fruit bat meat from the local market and was presumed to be the index-case. The father did not fall ill or sho ...
How to name and classify your phage: an
... publications, mentioned in conversations among colleagues, and identify the sequence of your virus in public databases and other resources. Perhaps the most important rule of bacteriophage naming is “don’t use an existing name.” There are already four dissimilar bacteriophages named N4, making it ve ...
... publications, mentioned in conversations among colleagues, and identify the sequence of your virus in public databases and other resources. Perhaps the most important rule of bacteriophage naming is “don’t use an existing name.” There are already four dissimilar bacteriophages named N4, making it ve ...
Structures of immature flavivirus particles
... encephalitis virus (TBEV), rely on insects for their transmission between vertebrate hosts. Although ¯aviviruses have a similar structural organization to that of the alphaviruses (family Togaviridae), they have a different gene order and utilize a different strategy for genome ...
... encephalitis virus (TBEV), rely on insects for their transmission between vertebrate hosts. Although ¯aviviruses have a similar structural organization to that of the alphaviruses (family Togaviridae), they have a different gene order and utilize a different strategy for genome ...
REVIEW ARTICLE Biology and Pathogenesis of Lentiviruses
... strand DNA. In general, retroviruses have a strong requirement for dividing cells (Weiss et al., 1982); these cells presumably provide optimal conditions for the synthesis of viral D N A and integration of the proviral DNA. In contrast, lentiviruses replicate efficiently in non-dividing, end-stage c ...
... strand DNA. In general, retroviruses have a strong requirement for dividing cells (Weiss et al., 1982); these cells presumably provide optimal conditions for the synthesis of viral D N A and integration of the proviral DNA. In contrast, lentiviruses replicate efficiently in non-dividing, end-stage c ...
Emerging & Re-emerging Infectious Diseases
... progression & host response Dr. KANUPRIYA CHATURVEDI ...
... progression & host response Dr. KANUPRIYA CHATURVEDI ...
Since the early 70`s a variety of pathological conditions in domestic
... kuhlii and Hypsugo savii. Bat carcasses were obtained from the Modena Wildlife Recovery Center (North Italy). During necropsy, no macroscopic lesions suggesting infectious diseases but traumatic injuries were observed. Pools of viscera (lung, heart, spleen and liver) and intestine were tested separa ...
... kuhlii and Hypsugo savii. Bat carcasses were obtained from the Modena Wildlife Recovery Center (North Italy). During necropsy, no macroscopic lesions suggesting infectious diseases but traumatic injuries were observed. Pools of viscera (lung, heart, spleen and liver) and intestine were tested separa ...
Citrus tristeza disease (250)
... Among the four, the brown citrus aphid is the most efficient, as it can spread strains that cause stem pitting that the others cannot. The aphids acquire the virus as they feed on the sap of infected plants; this takes 30-60 minutes. The ability to transmit is lost within 24-48 hours. There are many ...
... Among the four, the brown citrus aphid is the most efficient, as it can spread strains that cause stem pitting that the others cannot. The aphids acquire the virus as they feed on the sap of infected plants; this takes 30-60 minutes. The ability to transmit is lost within 24-48 hours. There are many ...
Zika virus, emergencies, uncertainty and vulnerable populations
... presence of the Zika virus, the possibilities that the virus may be a bystander, enabler for other causations either from stress, co-infection, toxicities, or even whether the ...
... presence of the Zika virus, the possibilities that the virus may be a bystander, enabler for other causations either from stress, co-infection, toxicities, or even whether the ...
Viral meningitis is an infection of the subarachnoid space caused by
... which refers to inflammation of the meninges. Bacterial meningitis was discussed in a previous lecture. Viral meningitis is an infection of the subarachnoid space caused by a virus. The predominant clinical features of fever, headache, and nuchal rigidity (neck stiffness), are often accompanied by n ...
... which refers to inflammation of the meninges. Bacterial meningitis was discussed in a previous lecture. Viral meningitis is an infection of the subarachnoid space caused by a virus. The predominant clinical features of fever, headache, and nuchal rigidity (neck stiffness), are often accompanied by n ...
Biological control using sterilizing viruses
... that recover from the infection will be sterilized. Hence, the dynamics of the recovered portion of the population must be considered in the analysis. The models presented here assume a relatively brief period of infection followed by life-long immunity and sterilization of recovered hosts. This is ...
... that recover from the infection will be sterilized. Hence, the dynamics of the recovered portion of the population must be considered in the analysis. The models presented here assume a relatively brief period of infection followed by life-long immunity and sterilization of recovered hosts. This is ...
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Part 1. Diagnostic Overview
... for which it was being tested. Occasionally, when BHV-1 seropositive bulls are detected, an importing country will accept the semen if it has been tested by virus isolation with negative results. The VN test is an international standard and is most frequently used for regulatory testing (especially ...
... for which it was being tested. Occasionally, when BHV-1 seropositive bulls are detected, an importing country will accept the semen if it has been tested by virus isolation with negative results. The VN test is an international standard and is most frequently used for regulatory testing (especially ...
Geographic distribution and evolution of Sindbis virus in Australia
... virus isolated in the south-west region of Western Australia (WA), failed to produce cDNA in an RT–PCR reaction. Several attempts to produce cDNA from these strains using different reaction conditions were performed without success. The sequences obtained for the prototype strain of SIN virus, EgAR3 ...
... virus isolated in the south-west region of Western Australia (WA), failed to produce cDNA in an RT–PCR reaction. Several attempts to produce cDNA from these strains using different reaction conditions were performed without success. The sequences obtained for the prototype strain of SIN virus, EgAR3 ...
Geographic distribution and evolution of Sindbis virus in Australia
... virus isolated in the south-west region of Western Australia (WA), failed to produce cDNA in an RT–PCR reaction. Several attempts to produce cDNA from these strains using different reaction conditions were performed without success. The sequences obtained for the prototype strain of SIN virus, EgAR3 ...
... virus isolated in the south-west region of Western Australia (WA), failed to produce cDNA in an RT–PCR reaction. Several attempts to produce cDNA from these strains using different reaction conditions were performed without success. The sequences obtained for the prototype strain of SIN virus, EgAR3 ...
Isolation of Haemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Virus from
... containing a mixture of Medium 199 and Eagle's MEM supplemented with 50/0 foetal calf serum (FCS) or in maintenance medium which had the same composition but with 3 ~ FCS. Virus and eirus titration. The B°I strain was used. This strain was originally isolated in cell culture from a tumour specimen o ...
... containing a mixture of Medium 199 and Eagle's MEM supplemented with 50/0 foetal calf serum (FCS) or in maintenance medium which had the same composition but with 3 ~ FCS. Virus and eirus titration. The B°I strain was used. This strain was originally isolated in cell culture from a tumour specimen o ...
Viral Encephalitis I. General Principles
... leukoencephalopathy (PML) caused by JC virus, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) occurring after measles, and HIV encephalopathy. E. Diagnosis of Viral Encephalitis Diagnosis begins with a thorough and detailed history which seeks to identify exposures by inquiring about insect or animal bit ...
... leukoencephalopathy (PML) caused by JC virus, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) occurring after measles, and HIV encephalopathy. E. Diagnosis of Viral Encephalitis Diagnosis begins with a thorough and detailed history which seeks to identify exposures by inquiring about insect or animal bit ...
Selection-Driven Evolution of Emergent Dengue
... clustered and the most common genotype at a particular sampling time often arose from a previously rare lineage. Expressed changes in structural genes did not appear to drive this lineage turnover, even though these regions include primary determinants of viral antigenic properties. Instead, recent ...
... clustered and the most common genotype at a particular sampling time often arose from a previously rare lineage. Expressed changes in structural genes did not appear to drive this lineage turnover, even though these regions include primary determinants of viral antigenic properties. Instead, recent ...
Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) Gumboro disease
... their feces. Feed, water, and poultry house litter become contaminated, other chickens in the house become infected by ingesting the virus. • The lesser meal worm (Alphitobus diaperinus) has been shown to carry the virus. • Because of the resistant nature of the IBD virus, it is easily transmitted m ...
... their feces. Feed, water, and poultry house litter become contaminated, other chickens in the house become infected by ingesting the virus. • The lesser meal worm (Alphitobus diaperinus) has been shown to carry the virus. • Because of the resistant nature of the IBD virus, it is easily transmitted m ...
The 20th International BioInformatics Workshop on Virus Evolution
... eminent scientists from across the world for its courses in advanced training. Approximately 1000 students attend these conferences each year. The long-term training activities of the Centre are carried out through fellowships that are awarded to researchers from Member States to carry out research ...
... eminent scientists from across the world for its courses in advanced training. Approximately 1000 students attend these conferences each year. The long-term training activities of the Centre are carried out through fellowships that are awarded to researchers from Member States to carry out research ...
Bacteria and Viruses
... a culture dying of new illnesses when outsiders discovered where they lived. Use what you have learned about bacteria and viruses to explain why this happened. Accept all reasonable responses. Sample answer: People who have lived together in one place have been exposed to the same pathogens and buil ...
... a culture dying of new illnesses when outsiders discovered where they lived. Use what you have learned about bacteria and viruses to explain why this happened. Accept all reasonable responses. Sample answer: People who have lived together in one place have been exposed to the same pathogens and buil ...
Influenza A virus
Influenza A virus causes influenza in birds and some mammals, and is the only species of influenza virus A. Influenza virus A is a genus of the Orthomyxoviridae family of viruses. Strains of all subtypes of influenza A virus have been isolated from wild birds, although disease is uncommon. Some isolates of influenza A virus cause severe disease both in domestic poultry and, rarely, in humans. Occasionally, viruses are transmitted from wild aquatic birds to domestic poultry, and this may cause an outbreak or give rise to human influenza pandemics.Influenza A viruses are negative-sense, single-stranded, segmented RNA viruses.The several subtypes are labeled according to an H number (for the type of hemagglutinin) and an N number (for the type of neuraminidase). There are 18 different known H antigens (H1 to H18) and 11 different known N antigens (N1 to N11). H17 was isolated from fruit bats in 2012. H18N11 was discovered in a Peruvian bat in 2013.Each virus subtype has mutated into a variety of strains with differing pathogenic profiles; some are pathogenic to one species but not others, some are pathogenic to multiple species.A filtered and purified influenza A vaccine for humans has been developed, and many countries have stockpiled it to allow a quick administration to the population in the event of an avian influenza pandemic. Avian influenza is sometimes called avian flu, and colloquially, bird flu. In 2011, researchers reported the discovery of an antibody effective against all types of the influenza A virus.