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Viruses
Viruses

...  May be helical or icosohedral (20 triangular sides) ...
The true solution for rapid diagnostics of acute infections
The true solution for rapid diagnostics of acute infections

... diseases on earth. Etiology of RTIs is extremely diverse. Most RTI cases are caused by viruses and thus cannot be cured with antibiotics. Misuse and overuse of antibiotics lead to antibiotic resistance among bacteria and consequent treatment complications as well as increased healthcare costs. ...
Decreasing vaccine preventable diseases in adults
Decreasing vaccine preventable diseases in adults

... Vaccines prevent infections and so reduce the need to use antibiotics This is true for vaccines that prevent bacterial infections, and it is also true for vaccines that prevent viral infections, such as the flu, which should not be treated with antibiotics but often are anyway. This may be for lack ...
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acids

... • Viruses were detected indirectly long before they were actually seen • Tobacco mosaic disease stunts growth of tobacco plants and gives their leaves a mosaic coloration • In the late 1800s, researchers hypothesized that a particle smaller than bacteria caused the disease ...
Nasty Things that want to harm us
Nasty Things that want to harm us

... host cell.  Virus is Latin for toxin or poison. ...
Ch 19
Ch 19

... •  Viruses were detected indirectly long before they were actually seen •  Tobacco mosaic disease stunts growth of tobacco plants and gives their leaves a mosaic coloration •  In the late 1800s, researchers hypothesized that a particle smaller than bacteria caused the disease •  In 1935, this hypoth ...
Infectious Diseases in Industry
Infectious Diseases in Industry

... • Contagious 1-2 days prior to rash then 6 days after rash or until lesions crusted • Keep shingles rash covered in workplace to prevent transmission ...
DNA-viruses
DNA-viruses

... „FIIFTH DIISEASE” (morbiillllii,, chiickenpox,, rubelllla,, scarllet fever ) ...
10 Herpes simplex
10 Herpes simplex

... Influenzavirus B • This genus has one species, influenza B virus. Influenza B almost exclusively infects humans[22] and is less common than influenza A. The only other animals known to be susceptible to influenza B infection are the seal[24] and the ferret.[25] This type of influenza mutates at a r ...
Kitten Vaccination Schedule
Kitten Vaccination Schedule

... severe vomiting and diarrhea. Parvo is the number one killer of puppies. Bordetella (or Kennel Cough) – A virus that causes upper respiratory infection that is very contagious. The symptoms are a hacking cough and nasal discharge. *This vaccination is given intra-nasally and can be administered at a ...
virus structure - rci.rutgers.edu
virus structure - rci.rutgers.edu

... • Basic rules of virus architecture, structure, and assembly are the same for all families • Some structures are much more complex than others, and require complex assembly and dissassembly • The capsid (coat) protein is the basic unit of structure; functions that may be fulfilled by the capsid prot ...
Avian Influenza Facts
Avian Influenza Facts

... during an outbreak in poultry in Hong Kong in 1997. The virus caused severe respiratory illness in 18 people, 6 of whom died. Most recently, human cases of bird flu have occurred in Thailand and Vietnam during large outbreaks in poultry. The death rate for these reported cases has been about 70 perc ...
Viruses: The Ultimate Parasites Reading
Viruses: The Ultimate Parasites Reading

... fatal or even harmful. For example, some mosaic viruses cause a striking vegetation in the flowers of plants such as gladioli and pansies. The diseased flowers exhibit streaks of contrasting colors in their petals, as shown in the picture of the Rembrandt tulip to the left. These tulips created such ...
Immunization Update 2010
Immunization Update 2010

... http://www.ifpma.org/Influenza/index.aspx?000_The_Influenza_Virus/001a_Influenza_Virus.html ...
Lecture 3: Aquaculture Viruses
Lecture 3: Aquaculture Viruses

... • 2. Core and genetic material (DNA/RNA) • Capsid: outer shell of the virus which encloses genetic material (link: chemical structure of capsid helps determine immune response to virus) • capsid is made of many identical individual proteins ...
Bacteria and Viruses
Bacteria and Viruses

... some of the cell membrane with them. ...
FIB Viruses - Humble ISD
FIB Viruses - Humble ISD

... 1. Can a virus attach to any cell in your body? Why or why not? 2. What is important about the structure of a virus that allows it to attach to a host cell? 3. How are viruses similar to enzymes? ...
The changing nature of avian influenza A virus (H5N1)
The changing nature of avian influenza A virus (H5N1)

... dogs, cats and terrestrial birds, indicative of their interspecies transmissibility [1,3,7]. However, most AI virus transfers to primate species have resulted in limited spread, with infection confined to the initial recipient and a restricted number of close contacts [3,8]. The viruses replicate pr ...
Viroids, Prions, Viruses, and Bacteria
Viroids, Prions, Viruses, and Bacteria

... • Inactivated Vaccine: made of virus particles that have ...
F13Lect23AIDS
F13Lect23AIDS

... now 17, after her eldest daughter died of HIV/AIDS. This May, her second daughter also died of the disease, leaving her to raise five more grandchildren. ...
Grimwood, Heather - Niagara University
Grimwood, Heather - Niagara University

... for 2 weeks or more after you feel better. All the more important to stress the washing of hands vigorously with soap and water for at least 30 seconds after using the washroom, before handling food and whenever the hands are soiled. Simply using hand sanitizer is not sufficient enough in removing m ...
Egg Drop Syndrome Egg drop syndrome (EDS) is characterized by
Egg Drop Syndrome Egg drop syndrome (EDS) is characterized by

... been described in Japanese quail ( Coturnix coturnix japonica ). Three types of disease are recognized in chickens. Classical EDS probably was due to contamination of a vaccine for Marek’s disease grown in duckembryo fibroblasts and subsequent adaptation of the virus to chickens. Basic breeding stoc ...
Appendix 20: Vaccine Priority Group
Appendix 20: Vaccine Priority Group

... (PEP) also requires a single course. Prophylaxis (P) is assumed to require 40 capsules (4 courses) though more may be needed if community outbreaks last for a longer period. ***There are no data on the effectiveness of treatment at hospitalization. If stockpiled antiviral drug supplies are very limi ...
5. Communicable disease surveillance and response
5. Communicable disease surveillance and response

... and country capacity for early detection of, rapid response to and effective preparedness for emerging disease threats, in particular pandemic influenza. ...
Viral History
Viral History

... • Their nucleic acid may consists of a single or several molecules of DNA or RNA. The smallest viruses have four genes while the largest have up to two hundreds. • Capsid : The protein coat that encloses the nucleic acid is called a capsid. It may be are different shapes. • Capsid is made up of prot ...
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Influenza A virus



Influenza A virus causes influenza in birds and some mammals, and is the only species of influenza virus A. Influenza virus A is a genus of the Orthomyxoviridae family of viruses. Strains of all subtypes of influenza A virus have been isolated from wild birds, although disease is uncommon. Some isolates of influenza A virus cause severe disease both in domestic poultry and, rarely, in humans. Occasionally, viruses are transmitted from wild aquatic birds to domestic poultry, and this may cause an outbreak or give rise to human influenza pandemics.Influenza A viruses are negative-sense, single-stranded, segmented RNA viruses.The several subtypes are labeled according to an H number (for the type of hemagglutinin) and an N number (for the type of neuraminidase). There are 18 different known H antigens (H1 to H18) and 11 different known N antigens (N1 to N11). H17 was isolated from fruit bats in 2012. H18N11 was discovered in a Peruvian bat in 2013.Each virus subtype has mutated into a variety of strains with differing pathogenic profiles; some are pathogenic to one species but not others, some are pathogenic to multiple species.A filtered and purified influenza A vaccine for humans has been developed, and many countries have stockpiled it to allow a quick administration to the population in the event of an avian influenza pandemic. Avian influenza is sometimes called avian flu, and colloquially, bird flu. In 2011, researchers reported the discovery of an antibody effective against all types of the influenza A virus.
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