Times to key events in the course of Zika infection and their
... The explosion of Zika cases in Central and South America, combined with growing evidence that the virus is responsible for an epidemic of microcephaly in Brazil, has prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (1). As of February 29, 201 ...
... The explosion of Zika cases in Central and South America, combined with growing evidence that the virus is responsible for an epidemic of microcephaly in Brazil, has prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (1). As of February 29, 201 ...
KEYWOFRDS: Ebola, Virus, Disease, Farm Animals Human Food
... ZEBOV and SEBOV strains are known for their virulence and high case fatality rate (53 -90%) in humans (Radford, D. et al, 2014). Scientists believe Ebola spreads through zoonotic transmission- that is, coming from an animal. The first patient of an Ebola outbreak is thought to be infected through co ...
... ZEBOV and SEBOV strains are known for their virulence and high case fatality rate (53 -90%) in humans (Radford, D. et al, 2014). Scientists believe Ebola spreads through zoonotic transmission- that is, coming from an animal. The first patient of an Ebola outbreak is thought to be infected through co ...
Research paper : Serological evidence of recent dengue virus
... mosquito-monkey cycle with lower primates serving as forest reservoirs. However, only Dengue among the arboviruses have adapted to the human and domestic environment to the point that the forest cycle is no longer required for maintenance (Gubler, 2002; Baba et al., 2009). The principal vector of th ...
... mosquito-monkey cycle with lower primates serving as forest reservoirs. However, only Dengue among the arboviruses have adapted to the human and domestic environment to the point that the forest cycle is no longer required for maintenance (Gubler, 2002; Baba et al., 2009). The principal vector of th ...
Pathogenesis of simian immunodeficiency virus infection
... lentiviruses that infect non-human primates. These viruses share important biological and genetic properties with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and SIV strains from sooty mangabey and macaque monkeys (SIVmac/smm) have been widely employed in HIV\acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) resear ...
... lentiviruses that infect non-human primates. These viruses share important biological and genetic properties with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and SIV strains from sooty mangabey and macaque monkeys (SIVmac/smm) have been widely employed in HIV\acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) resear ...
parvovirus infections - European Association of Zoo and Wildlife
... reduction in fecundity associated with FPV in bobcats, syndromes due to neonatal or perinatal infection have been reported only in domestic dogs and cats. Post mortem findings At necropsy, animals with enteric parvovirus infections are typically dehydrated and, if anaemic, pale. In most cases there ...
... reduction in fecundity associated with FPV in bobcats, syndromes due to neonatal or perinatal infection have been reported only in domestic dogs and cats. Post mortem findings At necropsy, animals with enteric parvovirus infections are typically dehydrated and, if anaemic, pale. In most cases there ...
13 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS CHAPTER
... children almost always a result of child sexual abuse ...
... children almost always a result of child sexual abuse ...
of Bio-wipes for the collection of human faecal Applicability
... Bio-wipes. Enteroviruses were detected most frequently, followed by HAdV, NoV, SaV, RV, HAV and HAstV (Table 2). Up to four different viruses could be detected from a single Bio-wipe specimen, and one to two viruses were detected in 68.9% of the specimens (Table 2). The faecal specimens could be div ...
... Bio-wipes. Enteroviruses were detected most frequently, followed by HAdV, NoV, SaV, RV, HAV and HAstV (Table 2). Up to four different viruses could be detected from a single Bio-wipe specimen, and one to two viruses were detected in 68.9% of the specimens (Table 2). The faecal specimens could be div ...
File - Tissue sampling, processing and staining
... which uses basic fuchsin, citric acid and methylene blue These are abnormal structures which appear within the cell nucleus, cytoplasm or both during virus multiplication The presence of inclusion bodies may often be seen on H&E stain Important in diagnosis ...
... which uses basic fuchsin, citric acid and methylene blue These are abnormal structures which appear within the cell nucleus, cytoplasm or both during virus multiplication The presence of inclusion bodies may often be seen on H&E stain Important in diagnosis ...
Week 8 Power Points
... been around for the last 100 years. While the disease is found world wide, until recent times, the virus only affected birds, but the virus has been passed on to humans from infected birds. The people who have been affected by the virus are mostly those who have handled the infected birds. The morta ...
... been around for the last 100 years. While the disease is found world wide, until recent times, the virus only affected birds, but the virus has been passed on to humans from infected birds. The people who have been affected by the virus are mostly those who have handled the infected birds. The morta ...
Laboratory Diagnostics, Specimen Collection, and Biosafety
... Conduct antigenic and genetic analyses Assist in developing methods for global surveillance and diagnosis of A(H5N1) Participate in selecting, developing, and distributing candidate A(H5N1) vaccines Develop and distribute reagents Monitor susceptibility of emerging subtypes Provide expertise and lab ...
... Conduct antigenic and genetic analyses Assist in developing methods for global surveillance and diagnosis of A(H5N1) Participate in selecting, developing, and distributing candidate A(H5N1) vaccines Develop and distribute reagents Monitor susceptibility of emerging subtypes Provide expertise and lab ...
Ebola virus-contaminated liquid waste
... including the time zero time point and −0.35 when excluding the time zero time point. On the basis of the model fit, the T90 (time for 90% inactivation) would be 2.1 days including the time zero time point and 6.6 days excluding the time zero time point. The observed Ebola virus inactivation in waste ...
... including the time zero time point and −0.35 when excluding the time zero time point. On the basis of the model fit, the T90 (time for 90% inactivation) would be 2.1 days including the time zero time point and 6.6 days excluding the time zero time point. The observed Ebola virus inactivation in waste ...
8. Hepatitis A, B, and C
... hepatocellular carcinoma. An estimated 1.25 million people are chronically infected with HBV, which makes them a reservoir for infection and at increased risk for death from chronic liver disease. HBV is efficiently transmitted by percutaneous or mucous membrane ...
... hepatocellular carcinoma. An estimated 1.25 million people are chronically infected with HBV, which makes them a reservoir for infection and at increased risk for death from chronic liver disease. HBV is efficiently transmitted by percutaneous or mucous membrane ...
Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus Infections
... excretions, and tissues from these animals may contain infectious virus. Filoviruses have been reported to survive for some time in blood and tissues at room temperature, and can be transmitted on fomites, particularly those contaminated by blood. Survival is prolonged when viruses are kept at 4°C. ...
... excretions, and tissues from these animals may contain infectious virus. Filoviruses have been reported to survive for some time in blood and tissues at room temperature, and can be transmitted on fomites, particularly those contaminated by blood. Survival is prolonged when viruses are kept at 4°C. ...
Factors limiting progress on development of HCV vaccines
... • Many isolated in-house at Chiron • Later found to be binding to host antigenic sequences and not binding to NANBH-specific sequences ...
... • Many isolated in-house at Chiron • Later found to be binding to host antigenic sequences and not binding to NANBH-specific sequences ...
Occupational Exposure
... switching to better-tolerated agents with lower pill burdens. At the same time, a potent three-drug PEP regimen is preferred because resistance to antiretroviral drugs is found at significant levels in both treated and untreated infected individuals in the UK. ...
... switching to better-tolerated agents with lower pill burdens. At the same time, a potent three-drug PEP regimen is preferred because resistance to antiretroviral drugs is found at significant levels in both treated and untreated infected individuals in the UK. ...
Ford-WSAVA FELINE
... for the outpouring of protein- and fibrin-rich fluid. Although antibody titers do not correlate with immunity, titers will rise simultaneously with the development of lesions of effusive FIP. Cell-mediated immunity is probably the only beneficial protective response in this disease, since antibody a ...
... for the outpouring of protein- and fibrin-rich fluid. Although antibody titers do not correlate with immunity, titers will rise simultaneously with the development of lesions of effusive FIP. Cell-mediated immunity is probably the only beneficial protective response in this disease, since antibody a ...
Avian & Pandemic Influenza
... Avian influenza, commonly known as "avian flu" or "bird flu," is caused by influenza type A viruses that normally only occur in birds. Avian flu is very contagious among birds and can make some domesticated birds, such as chickens, ducks and turkeys, very sick and kill them. These viruses usually do ...
... Avian influenza, commonly known as "avian flu" or "bird flu," is caused by influenza type A viruses that normally only occur in birds. Avian flu is very contagious among birds and can make some domesticated birds, such as chickens, ducks and turkeys, very sick and kill them. These viruses usually do ...
ABC of Hepatitis
... tranquillisers), and mononucleosis (a flulike illness). But by far the most common cause is infection by one of five viruses. The five viruses are named A through to E: hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis D (HDV) and hepatitis E (HEV), although 10 other viruses are und ...
... tranquillisers), and mononucleosis (a flulike illness). But by far the most common cause is infection by one of five viruses. The five viruses are named A through to E: hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis D (HDV) and hepatitis E (HEV), although 10 other viruses are und ...
Fitness Variations and their Impact on the Evolution of - retic-ris
... due to its rapid turnover, high mutation rate, and high frequency of recombination. Its remarkable genetic diversity plays a key role in virus adaptation, including development of drug resistance. The increasing complexity of antiretroviral regimens has favored selection of HIV variants harboring mu ...
... due to its rapid turnover, high mutation rate, and high frequency of recombination. Its remarkable genetic diversity plays a key role in virus adaptation, including development of drug resistance. The increasing complexity of antiretroviral regimens has favored selection of HIV variants harboring mu ...
Shingles
... Shingles is caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV), the same virus that causes chickenpox. After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus stays dormant (inactive) in the body. The virus may reactivate years later, causing shingles. Shingles is not caused by the same virus that causes ...
... Shingles is caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV), the same virus that causes chickenpox. After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus stays dormant (inactive) in the body. The virus may reactivate years later, causing shingles. Shingles is not caused by the same virus that causes ...
louping ill in horses
... serous nasal discharge, and depression. Specific neurological signs develop with the second phase of fever, and include nystagmus, head tilt, twitching and licking of the lips, mild tremors of the head and forequarters, and hyperaesthesia. The trembling worsens and the animal develops involuntary je ...
... serous nasal discharge, and depression. Specific neurological signs develop with the second phase of fever, and include nystagmus, head tilt, twitching and licking of the lips, mild tremors of the head and forequarters, and hyperaesthesia. The trembling worsens and the animal develops involuntary je ...
A NOTE ON THE OCCURRENCE OF HERPES ZOSTER IN
... of primary herpes have been comprehensively reviewed by Doerr. Secondary or symptomatic herpes zoster has been caused by a variety of processes. That appearing in the course of the common infectious diseases includes a large proportion of the cases. Varicella, pneumonia, influenza, diphtheria, menin ...
... of primary herpes have been comprehensively reviewed by Doerr. Secondary or symptomatic herpes zoster has been caused by a variety of processes. That appearing in the course of the common infectious diseases includes a large proportion of the cases. Varicella, pneumonia, influenza, diphtheria, menin ...
Horizontal Gene Transfer - The Hidden Hazards of Genetic
... plants and animals. Transduction is expected to be a main route as there are many viruses that infect plants and animals. Recent research in gene therapy indicates that transformation is potentially very important for cells of mammals including human beings. A great variety of ‘naked’ genetic materi ...
... plants and animals. Transduction is expected to be a main route as there are many viruses that infect plants and animals. Recent research in gene therapy indicates that transformation is potentially very important for cells of mammals including human beings. A great variety of ‘naked’ genetic materi ...
Click to edit Master title style Hepatitis B Click to edit Master title style
... † More than one risk behavior may be indicated on each case report. § No risk data reported. ¶A total of 2,038 hepatitis B cases were reported among males in 2009. Source: National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) ...
... † More than one risk behavior may be indicated on each case report. § No risk data reported. ¶A total of 2,038 hepatitis B cases were reported among males in 2009. Source: National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) ...
Herpes simplex virus
Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), also known as human herpesvirus 1 and 2 (HHV-1 and HHV-2), are two members of the herpesvirus family, Herpesviridae, that infect humans. Both HSV-1 (which produces most cold sores) and HSV-2 (which produces most genital herpes) are ubiquitous and contagious. They can be spread when an infected person is producing and shedding the virus. Herpes simplex can be spread through contact with saliva, such as sharing drinks.Symptoms of herpes simplex virus infection include watery blisters in the skin or mucous membranes of the mouth, lips or genitals. Lesions heal with a scab characteristic of herpetic disease. Sometimes, the viruses cause very mild or atypical symptoms during outbreaks. However, as neurotropic and neuroinvasive viruses, HSV-1 and -2 persist in the body by becoming latent and hiding from the immune system in the cell bodies of neurons. After the initial or primary infection, some infected people experience sporadic episodes of viral reactivation or outbreaks. In an outbreak, the virus in a nerve cell becomes active and is transported via the neuron's axon to the skin, where virus replication and shedding occur and cause new sores. It is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections.