Χρήστος Ν. Μπακογιάννης
... Activated mTOR stimulates smooth muscle cells to advance from the G1 phase to the S phase where DNA replication occurs, causing the smooth muscle cells to undergo mitosis (ie, cell proliferation). ...
... Activated mTOR stimulates smooth muscle cells to advance from the G1 phase to the S phase where DNA replication occurs, causing the smooth muscle cells to undergo mitosis (ie, cell proliferation). ...
The DNA helicase ChlR1 is required for sister chromatid cohesion in
... replication but is not directly involved in holding sister chromatids together (Skibbens et al., 1999; Toth et al., 1999). Ctf7p/Eco1p encodes an acetyltransferase that both acetylates itself and proteins within the cohesion complex in vitro (Ivanov et al., 2002). However, the role of acetyltransfer ...
... replication but is not directly involved in holding sister chromatids together (Skibbens et al., 1999; Toth et al., 1999). Ctf7p/Eco1p encodes an acetyltransferase that both acetylates itself and proteins within the cohesion complex in vitro (Ivanov et al., 2002). However, the role of acetyltransfer ...
Comparing Automated and Manual Cell Counts for Cell Culture
... the 15–25% range. Beckman Coulter claims a counting accuracy of ±6% using well-defined particles such as polystyrene beads (6). That level of accuracy is difficult to obtain in practice with cell culture samples, which are more heterogeneous because of their wider size distribution and the presence ...
... the 15–25% range. Beckman Coulter claims a counting accuracy of ±6% using well-defined particles such as polystyrene beads (6). That level of accuracy is difficult to obtain in practice with cell culture samples, which are more heterogeneous because of their wider size distribution and the presence ...
The Plasma Membrane
... • Cells cannot rely solely on passive transport to move substances across the plasma membrane. • A cell may need to maintain a greater concentration of a given substance on one side of its membrane. • Yet, passive transport equalizes concentrations of substances on both sides of the plasma membrane. ...
... • Cells cannot rely solely on passive transport to move substances across the plasma membrane. • A cell may need to maintain a greater concentration of a given substance on one side of its membrane. • Yet, passive transport equalizes concentrations of substances on both sides of the plasma membrane. ...
Bio 226: Cell and Molecular Biology
... • Cross-link with neighbors to form strong, stable fibers • Made by enzyme embedded in the plasma membrane • Guided by cytoskeleton • Cells with poisoned µtubules are misshapen • Other wall chemicals are made in Golgi & secreted • Only cellulose pattern is tightly controlled ...
... • Cross-link with neighbors to form strong, stable fibers • Made by enzyme embedded in the plasma membrane • Guided by cytoskeleton • Cells with poisoned µtubules are misshapen • Other wall chemicals are made in Golgi & secreted • Only cellulose pattern is tightly controlled ...
On the Interaction of Adherent Cells with Thermoresponsive
... freshly prepared thermoresponsive poly(MEO2MA-co-OEGMA) and RGD peptide surfaces and stored in an incubator. For measuring the cell spreading time, the samples were examined for less than 1 min outside the incubator after 3, 24, 48 and 72 h. The cell spreading time is defined as the time it takes 50 ...
... freshly prepared thermoresponsive poly(MEO2MA-co-OEGMA) and RGD peptide surfaces and stored in an incubator. For measuring the cell spreading time, the samples were examined for less than 1 min outside the incubator after 3, 24, 48 and 72 h. The cell spreading time is defined as the time it takes 50 ...
Editorial What is the true resting potential of small cells?
... smaller values of the input resistance are due to a low seal resistance between the pipette and the membrane; 3) an inward depolarizing-activated current contributes to the resting potential (see Fig. 1B). In this latter case, it must be noted that de- ...
... smaller values of the input resistance are due to a low seal resistance between the pipette and the membrane; 3) an inward depolarizing-activated current contributes to the resting potential (see Fig. 1B). In this latter case, it must be noted that de- ...
Cell Transport and Homeostasis PowerPoint
... Cellular Communication Other junctions allow small molecules carrying chemical messages to pass directly from one cell to the next. To respond to one of these chemical signals, a cell must have a receptor to which the signaling molecule can bind. Sometimes these receptors are on the cell membrane, a ...
... Cellular Communication Other junctions allow small molecules carrying chemical messages to pass directly from one cell to the next. To respond to one of these chemical signals, a cell must have a receptor to which the signaling molecule can bind. Sometimes these receptors are on the cell membrane, a ...
Mitosis SECOND PASS
... duplicated as sister chromatids, are formed into the shape we see here by winding and twisting the long DNA strands into a much more compact form. Winding up DNA presents an interesting challenge. Because the phosphate groups of DNA molecules have negative charges, it is impossible to just tightly w ...
... duplicated as sister chromatids, are formed into the shape we see here by winding and twisting the long DNA strands into a much more compact form. Winding up DNA presents an interesting challenge. Because the phosphate groups of DNA molecules have negative charges, it is impossible to just tightly w ...
Lopez_Chapter_6_organelles
... Fimbria are protein structures that allow bacteria to cling to each other or to other organisms Nucleoid (nucleus like) structure contains the DNA of the bacterial cell Ribosomes large complex of RNA and protein that is used to catalyze translation (making protein from RNA) ...
... Fimbria are protein structures that allow bacteria to cling to each other or to other organisms Nucleoid (nucleus like) structure contains the DNA of the bacterial cell Ribosomes large complex of RNA and protein that is used to catalyze translation (making protein from RNA) ...
Chapter 6 A Tour of the Cell
... A) Transport vesicles fuse with one side of the Golgi and leave from the opposite side. B) Proteins in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. C) Lipids in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one si ...
... A) Transport vesicles fuse with one side of the Golgi and leave from the opposite side. B) Proteins in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. C) Lipids in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one si ...
Cell Injury
... • Result of increased production of cellular proteins • Increased actions of mechanical sensors triggered by increased work load • Growth factors (TGF-β, IGF-1, FGF, etc.) • Vasoactive agents (Endothelin-1, Angiotensin-II) ...
... • Result of increased production of cellular proteins • Increased actions of mechanical sensors triggered by increased work load • Growth factors (TGF-β, IGF-1, FGF, etc.) • Vasoactive agents (Endothelin-1, Angiotensin-II) ...
Cell mechanics regulation by cytoskeleton dynamics: Combined
... Mechanical forces are essential in almost all cellular processes. For example, stiffening occurs during cell division, force generation allows cell migration, and changes in the mechanical microenvironment induce cell ...
... Mechanical forces are essential in almost all cellular processes. For example, stiffening occurs during cell division, force generation allows cell migration, and changes in the mechanical microenvironment induce cell ...
7.2 Cell Structure
... In many cells, the smooth ER contains collections of enzymes that perform specialized tasks, including the synthesis of membrane lipids and the detoxification of drugs. ...
... In many cells, the smooth ER contains collections of enzymes that perform specialized tasks, including the synthesis of membrane lipids and the detoxification of drugs. ...
Membranes and transport - part 1
... Within cell membranes organize cellular processes (lipid and protein synthesis, energy transductions in mitochondria and chloroplasts) Membrane structure Based on lipid bilayers Contain transmembrane proteins Bind other proteins at their surface Are thin, fluid and flexible (shape changes as cell gr ...
... Within cell membranes organize cellular processes (lipid and protein synthesis, energy transductions in mitochondria and chloroplasts) Membrane structure Based on lipid bilayers Contain transmembrane proteins Bind other proteins at their surface Are thin, fluid and flexible (shape changes as cell gr ...
Biological Membranes and Transport
... Within cell membranes organize cellular processes (lipid and protein synthesis, energy transductions in mitochondria and chloroplasts) Membrane structure Based on lipid bilayers Contain transmembrane proteins Bind other proteins at their surface Are thin, fluid and flexible (shape changes as cell gr ...
... Within cell membranes organize cellular processes (lipid and protein synthesis, energy transductions in mitochondria and chloroplasts) Membrane structure Based on lipid bilayers Contain transmembrane proteins Bind other proteins at their surface Are thin, fluid and flexible (shape changes as cell gr ...
Great Expectations for PIP: Phosphoinositides as Regulators of
... cell growth and survival (reviewed in Cantley, 2002; Hawkins et al., 2006). A recent study by Halet et al. (2008) has revealed a previously uncharacterized role for PIP3 in the development and survival of early mammalian embryos. Mammalian preimplantation embryos can develop and survive in vitro in ...
... cell growth and survival (reviewed in Cantley, 2002; Hawkins et al., 2006). A recent study by Halet et al. (2008) has revealed a previously uncharacterized role for PIP3 in the development and survival of early mammalian embryos. Mammalian preimplantation embryos can develop and survive in vitro in ...
Chapter 3B Notes
... • Na+ and K+ channels allow slow leakage down concentration gradients • Na+-K+ pump works as antiporter – Pumps against Na+ and K+ gradients to maintain high intracellular K+ concentration and high extracellular Na+ concentration • Maintains electrochemical gradients essential for functions of muscl ...
... • Na+ and K+ channels allow slow leakage down concentration gradients • Na+-K+ pump works as antiporter – Pumps against Na+ and K+ gradients to maintain high intracellular K+ concentration and high extracellular Na+ concentration • Maintains electrochemical gradients essential for functions of muscl ...
BugBusterTM Protein Extraction Reagent
... temperature. Protease inhibitors (e.g., Protease Inhibitor Cocktail Set III) can be added along with the BugBuster reagent if desired. It should also be noted that serine protease inhibitors should be used with caution if the target protein is to be treated with thrombin, Factor Xa or enterokinase, ...
... temperature. Protease inhibitors (e.g., Protease Inhibitor Cocktail Set III) can be added along with the BugBuster reagent if desired. It should also be noted that serine protease inhibitors should be used with caution if the target protein is to be treated with thrombin, Factor Xa or enterokinase, ...
CENP-E Is a Plus End–Directed Kinetochore Motor Required for
... metaphase chromosome alignment. However, the second phase of congression, maintenance of alignment prior to anaphase, is nonetheless of undiminished importance. The two predominant and opposing forces currently thought to be responsible for chromosome movement during congression are an antipoleward ...
... metaphase chromosome alignment. However, the second phase of congression, maintenance of alignment prior to anaphase, is nonetheless of undiminished importance. The two predominant and opposing forces currently thought to be responsible for chromosome movement during congression are an antipoleward ...
1 T-cadherin is located in the nucleus and centrosomes in
... indicated that T-cadherin is indeed present in the centrosomes. In the telophase it was often ...
... indicated that T-cadherin is indeed present in the centrosomes. In the telophase it was often ...
Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Retards the Growth of
... minimally-oxidized LDL in combination with serum for 24 or 48 hours. Surprisingly, these cells showed inhibited release from growth arrest and a significant reduction in the number of cells completing the cell cycle when compared with cells treated with serum alone. This was not due to an induction ...
... minimally-oxidized LDL in combination with serum for 24 or 48 hours. Surprisingly, these cells showed inhibited release from growth arrest and a significant reduction in the number of cells completing the cell cycle when compared with cells treated with serum alone. This was not due to an induction ...
Cilia and Flagella: The Basics
... Basal body (Kinetosome) located at base 9 sets of 3 microtubules in radial ...
... Basal body (Kinetosome) located at base 9 sets of 3 microtubules in radial ...
Solute transport - Lectures For UG-5
... cytoplasm from the vacuole • Anion channels maintain charge balance between the cytoplasm and vacuole • Ca channels work to control second messenger levels & cell signaling paths between vacuole and cytoplasm ...
... cytoplasm from the vacuole • Anion channels maintain charge balance between the cytoplasm and vacuole • Ca channels work to control second messenger levels & cell signaling paths between vacuole and cytoplasm ...
Life Science - Parma City School District
... and paramecium cells? A. To move the cells If a student chooses A, he or she may have thought that structure Z, the nucleus, helps in locomotion, or moving around. The nucleus may control activities inside the cell that change the way the cell moves, but the job of the nucleus is not to move cells. ...
... and paramecium cells? A. To move the cells If a student chooses A, he or she may have thought that structure Z, the nucleus, helps in locomotion, or moving around. The nucleus may control activities inside the cell that change the way the cell moves, but the job of the nucleus is not to move cells. ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.