Is the shoot a root with a view? Philip N Benfey
... whereas in scr this layer has attributes of both cortex and endodermis [14,16]. This suggests that SHR is required for endodermal fate specification, whereas SCR is involved in effecting the asymmetric division that the initial cell undergoes to form the two cell layers (Figure 1). The SCR gene enco ...
... whereas in scr this layer has attributes of both cortex and endodermis [14,16]. This suggests that SHR is required for endodermal fate specification, whereas SCR is involved in effecting the asymmetric division that the initial cell undergoes to form the two cell layers (Figure 1). The SCR gene enco ...
how death shapes life during development
... The destruction of cells was first observed by developmental biologists during the 1800s, but cell death was not clearly recognized as having a normal, formative role in developing animals until this was articulated by Glücksmann1 in 1951 (BOX 1). Several terms have been used to describe the morphol ...
... The destruction of cells was first observed by developmental biologists during the 1800s, but cell death was not clearly recognized as having a normal, formative role in developing animals until this was articulated by Glücksmann1 in 1951 (BOX 1). Several terms have been used to describe the morphol ...
... Due to the lack of a complete urea cycle, uricotelic species, such as broilers, are not able to synthesize de novo arginine (Arg), thus depending exclusively on dietary Arg. High levels of dietary lysine (Lys) increase the demand for Arg because of the antagonistic relationship between these amino a ...
Chapter 7: Cellular Structure and Function - Bellbrook
... Look again at Figure 7.4 and compare the types of cells. You can see why scientists place them into two broad categories that are based on internal structures. Both have a plasma membrane, but one cell contains many distinct internal structures called organelles—specialized structures that carry ou ...
... Look again at Figure 7.4 and compare the types of cells. You can see why scientists place them into two broad categories that are based on internal structures. Both have a plasma membrane, but one cell contains many distinct internal structures called organelles—specialized structures that carry ou ...
Metabolic changes during carcinogenesis
... Successful adaptation to varying microenvironmental constraints plays a crucial role during carcinogenesis. We develop a hybrid cellular automation approach to investigate the cell–microenvironmental interactions that mediate somatic evolution of cancer cells. This allows investigation of the hypoth ...
... Successful adaptation to varying microenvironmental constraints plays a crucial role during carcinogenesis. We develop a hybrid cellular automation approach to investigate the cell–microenvironmental interactions that mediate somatic evolution of cancer cells. This allows investigation of the hypoth ...
Fermentation of Tomato Juice by Cell Immobilized Lactobacillus
... such as tomato juice, puree, ketchup, sauce, and canned tomatoes. Tomato juice has been used in the manufacture of probiotic juice by lactic acid fermentation in order to improve its health effects [11]. Researchers used tomato juice as a raw material for the production of probiotic juice by four la ...
... such as tomato juice, puree, ketchup, sauce, and canned tomatoes. Tomato juice has been used in the manufacture of probiotic juice by lactic acid fermentation in order to improve its health effects [11]. Researchers used tomato juice as a raw material for the production of probiotic juice by four la ...
Get PDF file - Botanik in Bonn
... nm) of rat neuronal tissue. Thus, where different arrangements of MTs are associated with root tissue differentiation, they may have been defined by different complements of MT-associated proteins. (b) The zone of the meristematic cell cortex inhabited by MTs was enriched with ribosomes, so much so ...
... nm) of rat neuronal tissue. Thus, where different arrangements of MTs are associated with root tissue differentiation, they may have been defined by different complements of MT-associated proteins. (b) The zone of the meristematic cell cortex inhabited by MTs was enriched with ribosomes, so much so ...
Modulation of T cell signaling by the actin cytoskeleton
... phosphorylates a number of signaling proteins, including LAT and SLP-76 (for details, see Wang et al., 2010). LAT (linker for activation of T cells) is a scaffold protein that assembles key effectors of T cell activation, such as SLP-76, PLCc1, Grb2 and others. After its phosphorylation by ZAP70 and ...
... phosphorylates a number of signaling proteins, including LAT and SLP-76 (for details, see Wang et al., 2010). LAT (linker for activation of T cells) is a scaffold protein that assembles key effectors of T cell activation, such as SLP-76, PLCc1, Grb2 and others. After its phosphorylation by ZAP70 and ...
Photosynthesis Worksheet - d
... 7. Explain why chlorophyll appears green to us in terms of what happens to different wavelengths of light that strike a chlorophyll molecule. ...
... 7. Explain why chlorophyll appears green to us in terms of what happens to different wavelengths of light that strike a chlorophyll molecule. ...
3 - Dr. Jerry Cronin
... • Na+ and K+ channels allow slow leakage down concentration gradients • Na+-K+ pump works as antiporter – Pumps against Na+ and K+ gradients to maintain high intracellular K+ concentration and high extracellular Na+ concentration • Maintains electrochemical gradients essential for functions of muscl ...
... • Na+ and K+ channels allow slow leakage down concentration gradients • Na+-K+ pump works as antiporter – Pumps against Na+ and K+ gradients to maintain high intracellular K+ concentration and high extracellular Na+ concentration • Maintains electrochemical gradients essential for functions of muscl ...
EspF review - Newcastle University Staff Publishing Service
... Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Microbiology Research Theme, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom,1 and Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Medical School, University of Newcastle, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH ...
... Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Microbiology Research Theme, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom,1 and Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Medical School, University of Newcastle, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH ...
Inheritance of biological information
... components moved passively from parent to daughter cells during cell division, carried along by the cell-division mechanism that duplicated the chromosomes and pulled them apart into the daughter cells. However, in 1999, Yaffe3 found that there was a complex of cellular machinery associated with the ...
... components moved passively from parent to daughter cells during cell division, carried along by the cell-division mechanism that duplicated the chromosomes and pulled them apart into the daughter cells. However, in 1999, Yaffe3 found that there was a complex of cellular machinery associated with the ...
RQ for Ex. 1
... endosomes? (dynein) (a rare kinesin) (ordinary kinesin) (none of these). See info on last page for properties of these motor molecules. Circle all reasonable choices and explain. C. There are genetically engineered cells that make a fragment of myo6 in addition to the whole protein. The fragment con ...
... endosomes? (dynein) (a rare kinesin) (ordinary kinesin) (none of these). See info on last page for properties of these motor molecules. Circle all reasonable choices and explain. C. There are genetically engineered cells that make a fragment of myo6 in addition to the whole protein. The fragment con ...
Experimental and genetic analysis of root development in
... off distally and cell files, continuous with the vascular bundle, were displaced toward the root tip. By using promoter marker gene fusions specific for vascular bundle and columella, we have shown that these displaced cells switch fate, and display columella-specific gene expression instead of the ...
... off distally and cell files, continuous with the vascular bundle, were displaced toward the root tip. By using promoter marker gene fusions specific for vascular bundle and columella, we have shown that these displaced cells switch fate, and display columella-specific gene expression instead of the ...
Document
... separation of homologs and at the centromeres • in meiosis II (anaphase II) separation of sister chromatids just like mitosis ...
... separation of homologs and at the centromeres • in meiosis II (anaphase II) separation of sister chromatids just like mitosis ...
Cell biology # 2 - Nutley Public Schools
... • Na+ and K+ channels allow slow leakage down concentration gradients • Na+-K+ pump works as antiporter – Pumps against Na+ and K+ gradients to maintain high intracellular K+ concentration and high extracellular Na+ concentration • Maintains electrochemical gradients essential for functions of muscl ...
... • Na+ and K+ channels allow slow leakage down concentration gradients • Na+-K+ pump works as antiporter – Pumps against Na+ and K+ gradients to maintain high intracellular K+ concentration and high extracellular Na+ concentration • Maintains electrochemical gradients essential for functions of muscl ...
Control of the number of cell division rounds in distinct tissues
... The stepwise reduction of the activator might act as a digital clock or timer. In the abovementioned cases, cells sense their conditions (N/C ratio, cell size, and amounts of specific factors) at each stage. The timing of final mitosis depends only on threshold levels and terminal cell conditions, a ...
... The stepwise reduction of the activator might act as a digital clock or timer. In the abovementioned cases, cells sense their conditions (N/C ratio, cell size, and amounts of specific factors) at each stage. The timing of final mitosis depends only on threshold levels and terminal cell conditions, a ...
Bacteria
... Transfer bacteria from broth culture to nutrient agar plate by touching swab to agar surface in a single spot Isolate bacterial colonies by streaking the plate, being careful not to tear agar Incubate plate ...
... Transfer bacteria from broth culture to nutrient agar plate by touching swab to agar surface in a single spot Isolate bacterial colonies by streaking the plate, being careful not to tear agar Incubate plate ...
The Plant Cell - Gunawardena Lab
... other cytological events. The disruption of cytoplasmic streaming and the loss of anthocyanin, indicators of tonoplast disintegration, are the first signs of PCD and are followed closely by the appearance of TUNEL-positive nuclei. Although the cytological events resemble those seen during tracheary ...
... other cytological events. The disruption of cytoplasmic streaming and the loss of anthocyanin, indicators of tonoplast disintegration, are the first signs of PCD and are followed closely by the appearance of TUNEL-positive nuclei. Although the cytological events resemble those seen during tracheary ...
T cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species
... that encode antioxidant cDNAs into T cells, and that this process not only kills cells but also induces large amounts of ROS (32). The results of these studies point to the possibility that FasL upregulation is controlled by ROS; however, this effect is likely to be cell type–specific, since we have ...
... that encode antioxidant cDNAs into T cells, and that this process not only kills cells but also induces large amounts of ROS (32). The results of these studies point to the possibility that FasL upregulation is controlled by ROS; however, this effect is likely to be cell type–specific, since we have ...
Initiation mass of S. pombe
... commitment to another mitotic cycle is made in a narrow time window called Start, located close to the G1/S border. The rum1 protein is an important regulator in G1 and it is required for an extended pre-Start G1 (Moreno et al., 1994a; Moreno and Nurse, 1994b). To investigate whether the extension o ...
... commitment to another mitotic cycle is made in a narrow time window called Start, located close to the G1/S border. The rum1 protein is an important regulator in G1 and it is required for an extended pre-Start G1 (Moreno et al., 1994a; Moreno and Nurse, 1994b). To investigate whether the extension o ...
Multiple Functional Forms of the Integrin VLA
... t~2 into the rhabdomyosarcoma cell line RD resulted in expression of VLA-2 (here called Form-CL) that bound to both collagen and laminin (8, 9). To determine whether other c~2 recipient cells would also express VLA-2 with Form-CL activity, o~2 eDNA was transfected into the erythroleukemic cell line ...
... t~2 into the rhabdomyosarcoma cell line RD resulted in expression of VLA-2 (here called Form-CL) that bound to both collagen and laminin (8, 9). To determine whether other c~2 recipient cells would also express VLA-2 with Form-CL activity, o~2 eDNA was transfected into the erythroleukemic cell line ...
Microspectrofluorometry by Digital Image Processing: Measurement
... matsu Systems, Inc ., Waltham, MA). A Zeiss 63XPlan-Neofluar water immersion objective (NA = 1 .2) was used throughout the experiments. Although the sensitivity of the SIT camera was approximately an order of magnitude less than that of our microspectrofluorometer, the image processing system allowe ...
... matsu Systems, Inc ., Waltham, MA). A Zeiss 63XPlan-Neofluar water immersion objective (NA = 1 .2) was used throughout the experiments. Although the sensitivity of the SIT camera was approximately an order of magnitude less than that of our microspectrofluorometer, the image processing system allowe ...
Imaging Live Cells Under Mechanical Stress
... Coverslip Stability during Force Application For accurate time-lapse imaging at subcellular resolution, several sources of error associated with coverslip movement must be minimized or eliminated. Air currents or temperature changes near the microscope stage often cause focus drift. To minimize room ...
... Coverslip Stability during Force Application For accurate time-lapse imaging at subcellular resolution, several sources of error associated with coverslip movement must be minimized or eliminated. Air currents or temperature changes near the microscope stage often cause focus drift. To minimize room ...
Nerve activates contraction
... Functions in cholesterol synthesis and breakdown, fat metabolism, and detoxification of drugs Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Functions in cholesterol synthesis and breakdown, fat metabolism, and detoxification of drugs Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.