- Wiley Online Library
... Halouzka 1999). Epidemics appear to be caused by a high rate of viral infection among avian hosts, which is then passed by mosquitoes to humans (Hubálek and Halouzka 1999). Most vertebrates are susceptible to West Nile virus infection, and some, e.g. humans and horses, can suffer mortality rates of ...
... Halouzka 1999). Epidemics appear to be caused by a high rate of viral infection among avian hosts, which is then passed by mosquitoes to humans (Hubálek and Halouzka 1999). Most vertebrates are susceptible to West Nile virus infection, and some, e.g. humans and horses, can suffer mortality rates of ...
Immunohistochemistry for detection of avian infectious bronchitis
... were inoculated with 103 EID50 IBV M41. CAM and embryos were collected till 120 h PI, since the presence of IBV antigen in inoculated eggs by an antigen detection method is preferably performed 2 to 3 days after inoculation [15]. This also confirmed in the current study where IBV titers declined sha ...
... were inoculated with 103 EID50 IBV M41. CAM and embryos were collected till 120 h PI, since the presence of IBV antigen in inoculated eggs by an antigen detection method is preferably performed 2 to 3 days after inoculation [15]. This also confirmed in the current study where IBV titers declined sha ...
Evolution of New Variant Strains of Infectious Bronchitis Virus
... 3.2. Alignment Analysis of the Nucleotide Sequences The identification and genotyping of the 3 isolates were confirmed by genetic sequencing of the 457bp region of spike1 (S1) gene followed by alignment and phylogenetic tree construction with previously characterized Egyptian and known global refere ...
... 3.2. Alignment Analysis of the Nucleotide Sequences The identification and genotyping of the 3 isolates were confirmed by genetic sequencing of the 457bp region of spike1 (S1) gene followed by alignment and phylogenetic tree construction with previously characterized Egyptian and known global refere ...
Killer Whale (Orcinus-orca) Taku
... Predominant lesions in the lungs were areas of chronic and active abscessation amid a focally extensive area of mixed inflammation and fibrosis. There was moderate diffuse acute pulmonary edema and congestion. Gastric ulcerations were present in the first gastric chamber and were chronic and active. ...
... Predominant lesions in the lungs were areas of chronic and active abscessation amid a focally extensive area of mixed inflammation and fibrosis. There was moderate diffuse acute pulmonary edema and congestion. Gastric ulcerations were present in the first gastric chamber and were chronic and active. ...
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (Hantaviruses)
... habitat such as farmers as well as hunters, forestry workers, camping tourists, soldiers and conversely when rodents invade human housing for feeding needs.2,14 Recently, infections of SEOV derived from United Kingdom domestic pet rats of R.norvegicus species are reported which may further extend th ...
... habitat such as farmers as well as hunters, forestry workers, camping tourists, soldiers and conversely when rodents invade human housing for feeding needs.2,14 Recently, infections of SEOV derived from United Kingdom domestic pet rats of R.norvegicus species are reported which may further extend th ...
Pathogen evolution in a vaccinated world
... against which classical IBDV vaccines were not sufficiently protective. In contrast, vaccine-breakthrough strains in Europe belong to the ancestral IBDV serotype but were instead more aggressive. Like the newly evolved MDV strains, these very virulent European strains cause more severe disease in un ...
... against which classical IBDV vaccines were not sufficiently protective. In contrast, vaccine-breakthrough strains in Europe belong to the ancestral IBDV serotype but were instead more aggressive. Like the newly evolved MDV strains, these very virulent European strains cause more severe disease in un ...
Seroprevalence of Rift Valley fever and lumpy skin disease in
... in the transmission of LSDV (Weiss 1968) and semen has experimentally been shown to transmit LSDV (Annandale et al. 2013). Direct transmission between animals is thought to be inefficient and mechanical transmission by blood-feeding arthropods has been suggested (Chihota et al. 2001). Recently, tran ...
... in the transmission of LSDV (Weiss 1968) and semen has experimentally been shown to transmit LSDV (Annandale et al. 2013). Direct transmission between animals is thought to be inefficient and mechanical transmission by blood-feeding arthropods has been suggested (Chihota et al. 2001). Recently, tran ...
Modulation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Protease
... Mature, fully active human immunodeficiency virus protease (PR) is liberated from the Gag-Pol precursor via regulated autoprocessing. A chimeric protease precursor, glutathione S-transferase–transframe region (TFR)–PR–FLAG, also undergoes N-terminal autocatalytic maturation when it is expressed in E ...
... Mature, fully active human immunodeficiency virus protease (PR) is liberated from the Gag-Pol precursor via regulated autoprocessing. A chimeric protease precursor, glutathione S-transferase–transframe region (TFR)–PR–FLAG, also undergoes N-terminal autocatalytic maturation when it is expressed in E ...
Document - New England Anti
... (VandeBerg and Zola 2005) asserted in Nature that, “Many advances from biomedical research with chimpanzees have been published in the past one to two years, demonstrating that rapid medical progress pertinent to a wide range of human diseases is being made through the use of chimpanzees.” Claims su ...
... (VandeBerg and Zola 2005) asserted in Nature that, “Many advances from biomedical research with chimpanzees have been published in the past one to two years, demonstrating that rapid medical progress pertinent to a wide range of human diseases is being made through the use of chimpanzees.” Claims su ...
HIV patients treated with low-dose prednisolone exhibit
... receiving individual therapy regimes. Patients who were willing to participate in the study gave written informed consent and donated a single blood sample. We divided the patients into five different groups, including a) untreated patients (n = 10), b) patients being treated with low-dose prednisol ...
... receiving individual therapy regimes. Patients who were willing to participate in the study gave written informed consent and donated a single blood sample. We divided the patients into five different groups, including a) untreated patients (n = 10), b) patients being treated with low-dose prednisol ...
The spread of pathogens through trade in poultry hatching eggs
... contamination of the ovum after ovulation (12, 16), although the primary mode of vertical transmission of S. Gallinarum-Pullorum is considered to be localisation of the organism to the ovules before ovulation (17, 90). In addition, faecal contamination of eggs is recognised as leading to contaminati ...
... contamination of the ovum after ovulation (12, 16), although the primary mode of vertical transmission of S. Gallinarum-Pullorum is considered to be localisation of the organism to the ovules before ovulation (17, 90). In addition, faecal contamination of eggs is recognised as leading to contaminati ...
002211 Bofposter_v2.indd
... since onset of disease. Figure 2 presents box plots of viral titers for both unvaccinated and vaccinated patients for samples collected within the first three days post onset of disease. Vaccinated patients clearly show lower viral titers. In a multivariate analysis, vaccination had a significant ne ...
... since onset of disease. Figure 2 presents box plots of viral titers for both unvaccinated and vaccinated patients for samples collected within the first three days post onset of disease. Vaccinated patients clearly show lower viral titers. In a multivariate analysis, vaccination had a significant ne ...
The use of su.crose-acetone-extracted Rift Valley fever vi rus
... Monolayers of MDBK cells prepared in 2 148-cm2 roller bottles were inoculated with 50 m Qof BS-free medium containing 0,001-0,005 TCID 50 of virus per cell. After incubation for 72 h at 37 °C and a cytopathic effect (CPE) of 100% of the monolayers, infected cells were suspended in the original cultu ...
... Monolayers of MDBK cells prepared in 2 148-cm2 roller bottles were inoculated with 50 m Qof BS-free medium containing 0,001-0,005 TCID 50 of virus per cell. After incubation for 72 h at 37 °C and a cytopathic effect (CPE) of 100% of the monolayers, infected cells were suspended in the original cultu ...
The Association Between Serological Titers in Infectious
... been suspected for many years that synergism between viruses and pasteurellae is an important part of the etiology of bovine respiratory disease". He then reviewed the available evidence for this statement, emphasizing parainfluenza-3 (P13) and bovine herpesvirus 1 (i.e. infectious bovine rhinotrac ...
... been suspected for many years that synergism between viruses and pasteurellae is an important part of the etiology of bovine respiratory disease". He then reviewed the available evidence for this statement, emphasizing parainfluenza-3 (P13) and bovine herpesvirus 1 (i.e. infectious bovine rhinotrac ...
Pathogenesis of simian immunodeficiency virus infection
... lentiviruses that infect non-human primates. These viruses share important biological and genetic properties with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and SIV strains from sooty mangabey and macaque monkeys (SIVmac/smm) have been widely employed in HIV\acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) resear ...
... lentiviruses that infect non-human primates. These viruses share important biological and genetic properties with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and SIV strains from sooty mangabey and macaque monkeys (SIVmac/smm) have been widely employed in HIV\acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) resear ...
Prevalence of avian infectious bronchitis virus in broiler chicken
... spread readily over major parts of the world whereas others remain local is unknown. Some IBV variants, such as 793/B or QX that have been spread over Asia, Europe, and Africa in a short period, have not been reported in the USA or Australia. It seems likely that geographical isolation and control m ...
... spread readily over major parts of the world whereas others remain local is unknown. Some IBV variants, such as 793/B or QX that have been spread over Asia, Europe, and Africa in a short period, have not been reported in the USA or Australia. It seems likely that geographical isolation and control m ...
Hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and other blood
... increasing hepatitis B vaccination coverage among HCWs, postexposure prophylaxis, and more recently the use of safety devices. HBV infection rates have also fallen in the general population in the West, almost certainly due to the introduction of vaccination, but possibly also in part to better soci ...
... increasing hepatitis B vaccination coverage among HCWs, postexposure prophylaxis, and more recently the use of safety devices. HBV infection rates have also fallen in the general population in the West, almost certainly due to the introduction of vaccination, but possibly also in part to better soci ...
Pandemic Influenza
... Outbreak of Avian Influenza A (H5N1) in Asia • WHO: H5N1 poses a considerable human public health risk – Widespread, outbreak not controlled – Mutates rapidly, propensity to acquire new genes – Increasing host range – Directly infects humans • To-date, at least 60 human cases with 44 deaths from Vie ...
... Outbreak of Avian Influenza A (H5N1) in Asia • WHO: H5N1 poses a considerable human public health risk – Widespread, outbreak not controlled – Mutates rapidly, propensity to acquire new genes – Increasing host range – Directly infects humans • To-date, at least 60 human cases with 44 deaths from Vie ...
An Electron Microscope Study of Tissue Cultures Infected with Visna
... every cell examined in the electron microscope, but only one or very few in each section. On the fifth to the seventh day the number of particles surrounding a cell was greatly increased, reaching a maximum on the seventh day, when clusters of particles were often seen. On the sixth and the seventh ...
... every cell examined in the electron microscope, but only one or very few in each section. On the fifth to the seventh day the number of particles surrounding a cell was greatly increased, reaching a maximum on the seventh day, when clusters of particles were often seen. On the sixth and the seventh ...
IS HIV SHORTSIGHTED INSIGHTS FROM A MULTISTRAIN
... the lifetime of the infected individual. With a lower level of virulence the host will live longer, but the rate of onward transmission will be lowered, again reducing the number of onward infections during the lifetime of the infected individual. However, the evolution of an intermediate level of v ...
... the lifetime of the infected individual. With a lower level of virulence the host will live longer, but the rate of onward transmission will be lowered, again reducing the number of onward infections during the lifetime of the infected individual. However, the evolution of an intermediate level of v ...
reflector and central cough
... - drugs which stimulate production of surfactant Decreasing of speed of mucociliar transport with unchanged properties of sputum: ...
... - drugs which stimulate production of surfactant Decreasing of speed of mucociliar transport with unchanged properties of sputum: ...
6 Brief Resume of the intended work 6.1 Need for the study Dengue
... particularly important, as patients may die within 12 to 24 hours if appropriate treatment is not administered. 3 Dengue viraemia in a patient is short, typically occurs 2–3 days prior to the onset of fever and lasts for four to seven days of illness. During this period the dengue virus, its nucleic ...
... particularly important, as patients may die within 12 to 24 hours if appropriate treatment is not administered. 3 Dengue viraemia in a patient is short, typically occurs 2–3 days prior to the onset of fever and lasts for four to seven days of illness. During this period the dengue virus, its nucleic ...
PRRS Virus – What Happens After a Pig Becomes Infected with
... virus shedding and persistence Hypothetically, several factors could alter virus shedding and persistence patterns and, thereby, affect the epidemiology of PRRS virus by changing transmission parameters. The most obvious of these is immunity from prior exposure to the virus and is discussed in anoth ...
... virus shedding and persistence Hypothetically, several factors could alter virus shedding and persistence patterns and, thereby, affect the epidemiology of PRRS virus by changing transmission parameters. The most obvious of these is immunity from prior exposure to the virus and is discussed in anoth ...
Comparative Study of Commercially Available Infectious Bursal
... did not induce full protection in the presence of maternally derived antibodies against variant strains. A complete bursal damage in the presence of MDA was reported by Mundt et al. (1995), while in the present study only a slight regression was observed due to D78 vaccine. These findings are contra ...
... did not induce full protection in the presence of maternally derived antibodies against variant strains. A complete bursal damage in the presence of MDA was reported by Mundt et al. (1995), while in the present study only a slight regression was observed due to D78 vaccine. These findings are contra ...