Saving the World`s Terrestrial Megafauna - Research
... world’s largest carnivores (more than or equal to 15 kilograms, n = 27) and 60% of the world’s largest herbivores (more than or equal to 100 kilograms, n = 74) are classified as threatened with extinction on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List (supplemental tables ...
... world’s largest carnivores (more than or equal to 15 kilograms, n = 27) and 60% of the world’s largest herbivores (more than or equal to 100 kilograms, n = 74) are classified as threatened with extinction on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List (supplemental tables ...
- The University of Liverpool Repository
... predictable changes of attack rates and niche widths, because these traits have similar ecological ...
... predictable changes of attack rates and niche widths, because these traits have similar ecological ...
Ecosystem oceanography for global change in fisheries
... Cushing’s hypothesis is predominantly temporal and trophic, that of Sinclair is primarily spatial and physical, that is, concerned with ocean hydrodynamics. The fact that temporal and spatial processes simultaneously control recruitment of marine populations requires a balanced view on spatial and t ...
... Cushing’s hypothesis is predominantly temporal and trophic, that of Sinclair is primarily spatial and physical, that is, concerned with ocean hydrodynamics. The fact that temporal and spatial processes simultaneously control recruitment of marine populations requires a balanced view on spatial and t ...
section 7 - hartnell.edu
... Thermodynamics explains why there are limits on the number of levels. First, all of the metabolically useful energy that flows through the system is captured by the primary producers. Second, at each transfer—from sunlight to plant, plant to herbivore, and so on, up the chain—the second law of therm ...
... Thermodynamics explains why there are limits on the number of levels. First, all of the metabolically useful energy that flows through the system is captured by the primary producers. Second, at each transfer—from sunlight to plant, plant to herbivore, and so on, up the chain—the second law of therm ...
The intermediate disturbance hypothesis should be
... they failed to sample a sufficient range of disturbance frequencies or intensities. But methodological artifacts can cut both ways. For instance, published empirical studies might overstate the frequency of humped diversity–disturbance relationships because researchers tend to look for such relation ...
... they failed to sample a sufficient range of disturbance frequencies or intensities. But methodological artifacts can cut both ways. For instance, published empirical studies might overstate the frequency of humped diversity–disturbance relationships because researchers tend to look for such relation ...
Niche theory and guilds
... Ecological niches can thus be defined in terms of: -response functions: how species are distributed on environmental gradients with respect to limitation and optimal performance (a physiological view, prevalent among plant ecologists), i.e., a species’ response to the environment (Grinnell, Elton) ...
... Ecological niches can thus be defined in terms of: -response functions: how species are distributed on environmental gradients with respect to limitation and optimal performance (a physiological view, prevalent among plant ecologists), i.e., a species’ response to the environment (Grinnell, Elton) ...
Ecological community integration increases with added trophic
... and Schuster, 1979), game theory (Taylor and Jonker, 1978), and economics (Standish, 2000). This wide-ranging homology suggests that the Lotka-Volterra equations are a canonical model for the study of complex systems. In terms of generality, the state variables ‘species’ might be replaced with ‘agen ...
... and Schuster, 1979), game theory (Taylor and Jonker, 1978), and economics (Standish, 2000). This wide-ranging homology suggests that the Lotka-Volterra equations are a canonical model for the study of complex systems. In terms of generality, the state variables ‘species’ might be replaced with ‘agen ...
Ecosystem Goods and Services
... understanding of many ecosystem services and the scientific principles underlying them already exists, there is still much to learn. The tradeoffs among different services with in an ecosystem, the role of biodiversity in maintaining services, and the effects of long term and short-term perturbation ...
... understanding of many ecosystem services and the scientific principles underlying them already exists, there is still much to learn. The tradeoffs among different services with in an ecosystem, the role of biodiversity in maintaining services, and the effects of long term and short-term perturbation ...
Restoring native ecosystems in urban Auckland: urban soils
... vegetation and its associated native biodiversity in these landscapes is desirable for both cultural and ecological reasons. We report on the first four years of an ongoing vegetation restoration experiment in Waitakere City, Auckland, that addresses four challenges to urban restoration: weeds, Anth ...
... vegetation and its associated native biodiversity in these landscapes is desirable for both cultural and ecological reasons. We report on the first four years of an ongoing vegetation restoration experiment in Waitakere City, Auckland, that addresses four challenges to urban restoration: weeds, Anth ...
Ecosystem Services - Digital Library Of The Commons
... get from the functioning of ecosystems: soil conservation, water purification, waste assimilation, pollination, hydrological regulation, and so on [also called ‘nature’s services’ (Westman 1977)]. Importantly, in this approach, ES-related benefits are seen as distinct from and in addition to the val ...
... get from the functioning of ecosystems: soil conservation, water purification, waste assimilation, pollination, hydrological regulation, and so on [also called ‘nature’s services’ (Westman 1977)]. Importantly, in this approach, ES-related benefits are seen as distinct from and in addition to the val ...
Dear Colleague
... 102. Is there a synoptic model of global patterns of biodiversity? (Maintained at the Institute for Global Biodiversity Simulation, of course). 103. What observable variables can be used to assess the distance of a population from a “tipping-point” beyond which it is in jeopardy of extinction? 104. ...
... 102. Is there a synoptic model of global patterns of biodiversity? (Maintained at the Institute for Global Biodiversity Simulation, of course). 103. What observable variables can be used to assess the distance of a population from a “tipping-point” beyond which it is in jeopardy of extinction? 104. ...
NaturePrint Regional Catchment Strategies guidelines. [PDF File
... Zones should be as large as possible while maintaining a broadly similar biodiversity story. The size and shape of the zones will be ‘fit for purpose’ and therefore there does not need to be strict consistency between the zones within or between catchment areas. For example, in the Port Phillip West ...
... Zones should be as large as possible while maintaining a broadly similar biodiversity story. The size and shape of the zones will be ‘fit for purpose’ and therefore there does not need to be strict consistency between the zones within or between catchment areas. For example, in the Port Phillip West ...
Weak and variable relationships between environmental severity
... predictions (Maestre et al. 2005; Lortie & Callaway 2006; Maestre et al. 2006). This ambiguity may stem, at least in part, from unaccounted differences between the individual studies compiled for these meta-analyses. Whereas the use of different plant performance indicators, such as germination, gro ...
... predictions (Maestre et al. 2005; Lortie & Callaway 2006; Maestre et al. 2006). This ambiguity may stem, at least in part, from unaccounted differences between the individual studies compiled for these meta-analyses. Whereas the use of different plant performance indicators, such as germination, gro ...
Scholarly Interest Report
... Service by monitoring an experimental removal of Sapium (16 400m2 plots) in a heavily invaded bottomland forest of the Big Thicket National Preserve. This study will allow us to answer both basic scientific questions about community responses to large-scale species removals and applied questions rel ...
... Service by monitoring an experimental removal of Sapium (16 400m2 plots) in a heavily invaded bottomland forest of the Big Thicket National Preserve. This study will allow us to answer both basic scientific questions about community responses to large-scale species removals and applied questions rel ...
Managing for Threatened, Endangered, and Sensitive Species
... under the focal conservation targets and should be protected through the management of the broader focal conservation targets. This approach also benefits state listed or common species; thus it enhances biodiversity. For example, at aafb, Eggert’s sunflower was classified as a threatened species pr ...
... under the focal conservation targets and should be protected through the management of the broader focal conservation targets. This approach also benefits state listed or common species; thus it enhances biodiversity. For example, at aafb, Eggert’s sunflower was classified as a threatened species pr ...
Loss of mammalian species from the South American Gran Chaco
... Habitat loss or fragmentation threatens mammals through the loss of food (plants or prey), shelter and increased predation risk (Pimm et al. 1988, Schipper et al. 2008). Large animals at higher trophic levels are most vulnerable to habitat destruction and poaching, since they require large home rang ...
... Habitat loss or fragmentation threatens mammals through the loss of food (plants or prey), shelter and increased predation risk (Pimm et al. 1988, Schipper et al. 2008). Large animals at higher trophic levels are most vulnerable to habitat destruction and poaching, since they require large home rang ...
Lab 11. Ecosystems and Biodiversity: How Does Food Web
... richness even though the feeding relationships are different. Some of the feeding relationships illustrated in these two ecosystems, however, may or may not be sustainable over time and may result in a net decrease in biodiversity. The relative abundance of each species, for example, may change if o ...
... richness even though the feeding relationships are different. Some of the feeding relationships illustrated in these two ecosystems, however, may or may not be sustainable over time and may result in a net decrease in biodiversity. The relative abundance of each species, for example, may change if o ...
Beyond control: wider implications for the management of biological
... 5. The assessment of management options will benefit from an ecosystem perspective that considers the manipulation of native competitors, consumers and mutualists, and reviews existing management practices as well as mitigates other environmental pressures. The ease with which an IAS can be targeted ...
... 5. The assessment of management options will benefit from an ecosystem perspective that considers the manipulation of native competitors, consumers and mutualists, and reviews existing management practices as well as mitigates other environmental pressures. The ease with which an IAS can be targeted ...
Increasing deterministic control of primary succession on Mount St
... then fluctuated due to changes in L. lepidus cover. Richness peaked in 2005, after which pioneer species began to decline as persistent evergreen species increased. The six CTs recognized in 2008 were more scattered than were the six different CTs from 2001. DCA demonstrated that woody and rhizomatou ...
... then fluctuated due to changes in L. lepidus cover. Richness peaked in 2005, after which pioneer species began to decline as persistent evergreen species increased. The six CTs recognized in 2008 were more scattered than were the six different CTs from 2001. DCA demonstrated that woody and rhizomatou ...
Chapter 10 - Reserve Design
... conservation priorities depending on relative importance Provides conservation OPTIONS when planning reserves – not just one site, but differing combinations to achieve the same end This method therefore best fits the criterion of providing for offsets, and can also assist in planning for environmen ...
... conservation priorities depending on relative importance Provides conservation OPTIONS when planning reserves – not just one site, but differing combinations to achieve the same end This method therefore best fits the criterion of providing for offsets, and can also assist in planning for environmen ...
Nutrient stoichiometry – Redfield ratios
... Nutrient : any needed substance that an organism obtains from its environment except O2, CO2, & H2O Ecological stoichiometry: - Ecological stoichiometry considers how the balance of energy & elements affect & are affected by organisms & their interactions in ecosystems. - seeks to discover how t ...
... Nutrient : any needed substance that an organism obtains from its environment except O2, CO2, & H2O Ecological stoichiometry: - Ecological stoichiometry considers how the balance of energy & elements affect & are affected by organisms & their interactions in ecosystems. - seeks to discover how t ...
Restoration ecology
Restoration ecology emerged as a separate field in ecology in the 1980s. It is the scientific study supporting the practice of ecological restoration, which is the practice of renewing and restoring degraded, damaged, or destroyed ecosystems and habitats in the environment by active human intervention and action. The term ""restoration ecology"" is therefore commonly used for the academic study of the process, whereas the term ""ecological restoration"" is commonly used for the actual project or process by restoration practitioners.