... least periodically. Unless a community’s high diversity is due primarily to in situ speciation, colonization by new species must have been a common occurrence at some point in its history. Logically, it cannot be any other way. The highly invasible nature of species-rich grasslands is not a new disc ...
Application of species distribution models to explain and predict the
... Distributions of temperate reef fishes and assemblages INTRODUCTION As the fields of resource management and conservation continue to move towards more spatial and ecosystem-based approaches (e.g. terrestrial reserves, marine protected areas), there is a growing need for spatially explicit, quantit ...
... Distributions of temperate reef fishes and assemblages INTRODUCTION As the fields of resource management and conservation continue to move towards more spatial and ecosystem-based approaches (e.g. terrestrial reserves, marine protected areas), there is a growing need for spatially explicit, quantit ...
CBD CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
... landscapes, and biomes, occurred in a landscape that was not as fragmented as today, and with little or no pressures from human activities. Anthropogenic habitat fragmentation has confined many species to relatively small areas within their previous ranges, with reduced genetic variability. Warming ...
... landscapes, and biomes, occurred in a landscape that was not as fragmented as today, and with little or no pressures from human activities. Anthropogenic habitat fragmentation has confined many species to relatively small areas within their previous ranges, with reduced genetic variability. Warming ...
Community Ecology
... number of individuals of each species that can coexist at equilibrium. When the L-V equations are given various values and graphed, a very informative series of figures can be generated (plotting number of species 2 vs. species 1). (See handout.) The space within a figure represents a combination of ...
... number of individuals of each species that can coexist at equilibrium. When the L-V equations are given various values and graphed, a very informative series of figures can be generated (plotting number of species 2 vs. species 1). (See handout.) The space within a figure represents a combination of ...
The fusion of behavioral ecology and ecology
... It is because the local rules of engagement in ecology can change, that it appears that selection shifts in time and space. This is why the behavioral ecologist who studies the ecology of a trait in one time and place will find that the outcomes differ in another. The main project of evolutionary ec ...
... It is because the local rules of engagement in ecology can change, that it appears that selection shifts in time and space. This is why the behavioral ecologist who studies the ecology of a trait in one time and place will find that the outcomes differ in another. The main project of evolutionary ec ...
The metacommunity concept
... different spatial scales in ecology. Here we review current understanding about this concept. We first investigate issues related to its definition as a set of local communities that are linked by dispersal of multiple potentially interacting species. We then identify four paradigms for metacommunit ...
... different spatial scales in ecology. Here we review current understanding about this concept. We first investigate issues related to its definition as a set of local communities that are linked by dispersal of multiple potentially interacting species. We then identify four paradigms for metacommunit ...
Leibold et al. 2004
... different spatial scales in ecology. Here we review current understanding about this concept. We first investigate issues related to its definition as a set of local communities that are linked by dispersal of multiple potentially interacting species. We then identify four paradigms for metacommunit ...
... different spatial scales in ecology. Here we review current understanding about this concept. We first investigate issues related to its definition as a set of local communities that are linked by dispersal of multiple potentially interacting species. We then identify four paradigms for metacommunit ...
14-1 and 14-2 Habitat
... to survive, stay healthy and reproduce 3. Competition occurs when tow species use resources in the same way. 4. Predation occurs when one organism captures and ...
... to survive, stay healthy and reproduce 3. Competition occurs when tow species use resources in the same way. 4. Predation occurs when one organism captures and ...
SPATIAL VARIATION IN TREE SPECIES COMPOSITION ACROSS
... interest in tree beta-diversity patterns (Tuomisto and Ruokolainen 1994, Duivenvoorden 1995, Tuomisto et al. 1995, Terborgh et al. 1996, Hubbell 1997, Ruokolainen et al. 1997, Pitman et al. 1999, Condit et al. 2002), and beyond (McKnight et al. 2007, Woodcock et al. 2007). By using networks of plots ...
... interest in tree beta-diversity patterns (Tuomisto and Ruokolainen 1994, Duivenvoorden 1995, Tuomisto et al. 1995, Terborgh et al. 1996, Hubbell 1997, Ruokolainen et al. 1997, Pitman et al. 1999, Condit et al. 2002), and beyond (McKnight et al. 2007, Woodcock et al. 2007). By using networks of plots ...
Ecological Succession
... • A climax community is a mature, stable community that is the final stage of ecological succession. In an ecosystem with a climax community, the conditions continue to be suitable for all the members of the community. • Any particular region has its own set of climax species, which are the plants t ...
... • A climax community is a mature, stable community that is the final stage of ecological succession. In an ecosystem with a climax community, the conditions continue to be suitable for all the members of the community. • Any particular region has its own set of climax species, which are the plants t ...
RG report
... and social forces in shaping the current geographic variation in reindeer density and production in Finnmark and its consequenses for ecosystem sustainability. Subobjectives - To provide an analysis of spatial and temporal variation in reindeer density and habitat use, its environemtal correlates an ...
... and social forces in shaping the current geographic variation in reindeer density and production in Finnmark and its consequenses for ecosystem sustainability. Subobjectives - To provide an analysis of spatial and temporal variation in reindeer density and habitat use, its environemtal correlates an ...
Invasiveness, invasibility and the role of environmental
... this might allow one to manage habitats so as to curtail the spread of invasive species. Finally, studies of impact ask: What are the effects of adding new species to a habitat on existing species and ecological processes? A land manager could use the answer to this question to concentrate control e ...
... this might allow one to manage habitats so as to curtail the spread of invasive species. Finally, studies of impact ask: What are the effects of adding new species to a habitat on existing species and ecological processes? A land manager could use the answer to this question to concentrate control e ...
A case study in ecological succession
... During his tenure here, Henry Fitch documented changes in plants and animals as succession proceeded, setting the stage for future research. When the Reservation was established in the 1940s, the idea of protecting an area from disturbance—“hands off; let nature take its course”—was the prevailing w ...
... During his tenure here, Henry Fitch documented changes in plants and animals as succession proceeded, setting the stage for future research. When the Reservation was established in the 1940s, the idea of protecting an area from disturbance—“hands off; let nature take its course”—was the prevailing w ...
4-2 What Shapes an Ecosystem?
... Components of an ecosystem can be changed by natural events, such as fires. When the disturbance is over, community interactions tend to restore the ecosystem to its original condition through secondary succession. ...
... Components of an ecosystem can be changed by natural events, such as fires. When the disturbance is over, community interactions tend to restore the ecosystem to its original condition through secondary succession. ...
Marine Ecology Progress Series 311:273
... marine zooplankton and phytoplankton show unimodal relationships with their own biomass (Irigoien et al. 2004), much like what is seen in terrestrial systems (Mittelbach et al. 2003). Marine ecosystems are experiencing rates of change similar to major terrestrial biomes (Balmford et al. 2002). And b ...
... marine zooplankton and phytoplankton show unimodal relationships with their own biomass (Irigoien et al. 2004), much like what is seen in terrestrial systems (Mittelbach et al. 2003). Marine ecosystems are experiencing rates of change similar to major terrestrial biomes (Balmford et al. 2002). And b ...
Reconsidering `dangerous targets` for marine protected areas
... for all three together, but clarity about which level is being addressed, and for what purpose, is critical. Also important is the level of ‘proof’ required, and about what. For example, it seems evident that no-take ‘control’ areas are sine qua non for habitat protection and for research that can h ...
... for all three together, but clarity about which level is being addressed, and for what purpose, is critical. Also important is the level of ‘proof’ required, and about what. For example, it seems evident that no-take ‘control’ areas are sine qua non for habitat protection and for research that can h ...
PART
... 2. The number of species that share a habitat is known as species diversity. 3. Species interactions may benefit or harm the species involved. a. In a predator-prey interaction, the predator is benefited and the prey is harmed. b. Herbivory benefits the animal and harms the plant. c. Parasitism bene ...
... 2. The number of species that share a habitat is known as species diversity. 3. Species interactions may benefit or harm the species involved. a. In a predator-prey interaction, the predator is benefited and the prey is harmed. b. Herbivory benefits the animal and harms the plant. c. Parasitism bene ...
ASET postprint
... There are two main sources of potential trouble for the claim that the exclusion principle has empirical content. First, there is the suggestion that the failure of two species not satisfying NDC to competitively exclude each other can always be attributed to the ecologist's failure to detect a nich ...
... There are two main sources of potential trouble for the claim that the exclusion principle has empirical content. First, there is the suggestion that the failure of two species not satisfying NDC to competitively exclude each other can always be attributed to the ecologist's failure to detect a nich ...
BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION: DO SPECIES
... al. 2000; Bolger 2001; Loreau et al. 2001). A range of examples are given in Table 1. In particular, biodiversity has been demonstrated to maintain and increase predictability (McGrady-Steed et al. 1997), reliability (Naeem and Li 1997), invasibility (Symstad 2000), process efficiency (Heneghan et a ...
... al. 2000; Bolger 2001; Loreau et al. 2001). A range of examples are given in Table 1. In particular, biodiversity has been demonstrated to maintain and increase predictability (McGrady-Steed et al. 1997), reliability (Naeem and Li 1997), invasibility (Symstad 2000), process efficiency (Heneghan et a ...
Ecosystem dynamics and fisheries management in
... trophic level (fisheries of capelin, polar cod, shrimp) (1970-1980ies). Single-species oriented fisheries management system was introduced that includes both TAC and technical means for the protection of juveniles. ...
... trophic level (fisheries of capelin, polar cod, shrimp) (1970-1980ies). Single-species oriented fisheries management system was introduced that includes both TAC and technical means for the protection of juveniles. ...
BIO1100 AN INTRODUCTION TO MARINE BIOLOGY Lecturer: Prof
... continuous submersion. On rocky shores, the upper reaches of this zone are characterised by barnacles [KOCCLI] of which there are three species: Euraphia depressa [KOCCLA CATTA] occurs in the highest levels and Chthamalus stellatus [KOCCLA KOMUNI] further down; the third species Chthamalus montagui ...
... continuous submersion. On rocky shores, the upper reaches of this zone are characterised by barnacles [KOCCLI] of which there are three species: Euraphia depressa [KOCCLA CATTA] occurs in the highest levels and Chthamalus stellatus [KOCCLA KOMUNI] further down; the third species Chthamalus montagui ...
Uso de la facilitación y plantas nodriza como técnica de reforestación
... seedlings of restored species were placed both near adult plants that acted as nurses and ...
... seedlings of restored species were placed both near adult plants that acted as nurses and ...
1 Chapter 2.3. Natural Capital, Services and Human Wellbeing by
... capital. We then consider links to human outcomes. Finally we consider the dynamics of natural capital and ecosystem services as affected by key drivers, interactions among ecosystem services, and the ecological dynamics of natural capital. 2.3.2. Earth System Services and Ecosystem Services Earth s ...
... capital. We then consider links to human outcomes. Finally we consider the dynamics of natural capital and ecosystem services as affected by key drivers, interactions among ecosystem services, and the ecological dynamics of natural capital. 2.3.2. Earth System Services and Ecosystem Services Earth s ...
Restoration ecology
Restoration ecology emerged as a separate field in ecology in the 1980s. It is the scientific study supporting the practice of ecological restoration, which is the practice of renewing and restoring degraded, damaged, or destroyed ecosystems and habitats in the environment by active human intervention and action. The term ""restoration ecology"" is therefore commonly used for the academic study of the process, whereas the term ""ecological restoration"" is commonly used for the actual project or process by restoration practitioners.