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... thus facilitating cost-benefit analysis of biodiversity policies. In addition, they allow economists to perform environmental accounting to assess damages, and to carry out proper pricing. This study examines how the information provided by available studies on biodiversity valuation should be ...
... thus facilitating cost-benefit analysis of biodiversity policies. In addition, they allow economists to perform environmental accounting to assess damages, and to carry out proper pricing. This study examines how the information provided by available studies on biodiversity valuation should be ...
Ecosystem effects of fishing in kelp forest communities
... munities are characterized by a surface layer of Alaria fistulosa, a second canopy layer of four species of Laminaria, and a prostate canopy usually composed of Agarum clathratum (Dayton, 1975). These associations support detritus-based food webs of crustaceans and fish. In the absence of otters, de ...
... munities are characterized by a surface layer of Alaria fistulosa, a second canopy layer of four species of Laminaria, and a prostate canopy usually composed of Agarum clathratum (Dayton, 1975). These associations support detritus-based food webs of crustaceans and fish. In the absence of otters, de ...
book of abstracts
... It is a great pleasure to welcome you all to the 28th Annual conference for the Society for Tropical Ecology, hosted by the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich and organised by the Ecosystem Management Group. In the last four years the conference has been hosted by Technical University ...
... It is a great pleasure to welcome you all to the 28th Annual conference for the Society for Tropical Ecology, hosted by the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich and organised by the Ecosystem Management Group. In the last four years the conference has been hosted by Technical University ...
RESILIENCE OF TROPICAL ECOSYSTEMS – FUTURE
... It is a great pleasure to welcome you all to the 28th Annual conference for the Society for Tropical Ecology, hosted by the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich and organised by the Ecosystem Management Group. In the last four years the conference has been hosted by Technical University ...
... It is a great pleasure to welcome you all to the 28th Annual conference for the Society for Tropical Ecology, hosted by the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich and organised by the Ecosystem Management Group. In the last four years the conference has been hosted by Technical University ...
Awareness material for the mangroves in Egypt
... germination and embryonic development take place on the parent tree. Adult individual plants produce large numbers of propagules to compensate mortality, damage by insects and marine animals, and dispersal into remote unfavourable locations. ...
... germination and embryonic development take place on the parent tree. Adult individual plants produce large numbers of propagules to compensate mortality, damage by insects and marine animals, and dispersal into remote unfavourable locations. ...
The biogeography of marine plankton traits
... Regulation of community structure Mapping the biogeography of functional traits will help reveal the mechanisms underlying variations in marine plankton communities because the dominant structuring factors should alter trait distributions in predictable ways. For example, temporal variation in light ...
... Regulation of community structure Mapping the biogeography of functional traits will help reveal the mechanisms underlying variations in marine plankton communities because the dominant structuring factors should alter trait distributions in predictable ways. For example, temporal variation in light ...
Global Biodiversity Outlook 3
... human well-being. The provision of food, fibre, medicines and fresh water, pollination of crops, filtration of pollutants, and protection from natural disasters are among those ecosystem services potentially threatened by declines and changes in biodiversity. Cultural services such as spiritual and ...
... human well-being. The provision of food, fibre, medicines and fresh water, pollination of crops, filtration of pollutants, and protection from natural disasters are among those ecosystem services potentially threatened by declines and changes in biodiversity. Cultural services such as spiritual and ...
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... productivity or have enhanced an ecosystem service that society values, there has been a loss of biodiversity in achieving that outcome. These costs need to be part of the planning and debate of policy and management. Many of the concepts in policy and management measures discussed below are complex ...
... productivity or have enhanced an ecosystem service that society values, there has been a loss of biodiversity in achieving that outcome. These costs need to be part of the planning and debate of policy and management. Many of the concepts in policy and management measures discussed below are complex ...
A brown-world cascade in the dung decomposer food web of an
... (e.g., niche complementarity, facilitation, and sampling effects) underlying diversity effects can apply to consumers of either resource base. However, although these mechanisms have been demonstrated in studies of predator interactions, the ecosystem consequence of changes in predator diversity for ...
... (e.g., niche complementarity, facilitation, and sampling effects) underlying diversity effects can apply to consumers of either resource base. However, although these mechanisms have been demonstrated in studies of predator interactions, the ecosystem consequence of changes in predator diversity for ...
Migratory Fishes as Material and Process Subsidies in Riverine Ecosystems
... The migratory strategy of a species should influence its role as a material or process subsidy. Synchronous migrations can enable species to achieve densities and biomass that would otherwise not be possible. Polis et al. (1997) originally hypothesized that subsidies will be most important when the ...
... The migratory strategy of a species should influence its role as a material or process subsidy. Synchronous migrations can enable species to achieve densities and biomass that would otherwise not be possible. Polis et al. (1997) originally hypothesized that subsidies will be most important when the ...
Sustainability: Virtuous or Vulgar?
... common notion of a healthy ungulate population is one with a skewed sex ratio and young age structure, which lives on a landscape that produces enough vegetation to yield the largest possible harvestable surplus of ungulates. That is, population health is defined in terms of human needs or desires. ...
... common notion of a healthy ungulate population is one with a skewed sex ratio and young age structure, which lives on a landscape that produces enough vegetation to yield the largest possible harvestable surplus of ungulates. That is, population health is defined in terms of human needs or desires. ...
The role of mixotrophic protists in the biological carbon pump
... In order to explore the role of mixotrophic protists, we compare the outputs from two contrasting in silico plankton food web structures operating in an oligotrophic setting, as detailed below. (i) A traditional food web structure without an explicit description of mixotrophs (Fig. 2a), henceforth t ...
... In order to explore the role of mixotrophic protists, we compare the outputs from two contrasting in silico plankton food web structures operating in an oligotrophic setting, as detailed below. (i) A traditional food web structure without an explicit description of mixotrophs (Fig. 2a), henceforth t ...
Fractal Hypothesis of the Pelagic Microbial Ecosystem—Can Simple
... KtW mechanism acting repeatedly across at least four orders of magnitude in cell size (Finkel et al., 2010) makes this a promising question to pursue. Scale-invariance apparent in pelagic biomass-size spectra, originally proposed by Sheldon et al. (1972), seems utterly supportive of a fractal-hypoth ...
... KtW mechanism acting repeatedly across at least four orders of magnitude in cell size (Finkel et al., 2010) makes this a promising question to pursue. Scale-invariance apparent in pelagic biomass-size spectra, originally proposed by Sheldon et al. (1972), seems utterly supportive of a fractal-hypoth ...
3-1 Review of general section and summaries of monitoring
... 2. Non-indigenous species introduced by human activities are at levels that do not adversely alter the ecosystems. ...
... 2. Non-indigenous species introduced by human activities are at levels that do not adversely alter the ecosystems. ...
REYKJAVÍK BIODIVERSITY POLICY
... mudflats, grassy wetlands, salmon rivers, nutrient-rich lakes, mossy meadows, barren heathlands of volcanic sand and birch forests, some in a relatively pristine condition. The more developed urban areas are also home to a rich biodiversity where gardens, cemeteries and agricultural areas are rich i ...
... mudflats, grassy wetlands, salmon rivers, nutrient-rich lakes, mossy meadows, barren heathlands of volcanic sand and birch forests, some in a relatively pristine condition. The more developed urban areas are also home to a rich biodiversity where gardens, cemeteries and agricultural areas are rich i ...
The Deterioration of Coral Reefs
... abuse, recreational abuse, over fishing or aggressive fishing methods, pollution including nutrient and chemical as well as fertilizers, coral bleaching, deforestation, invasions of foreign marine life, and human disturbances in the environment. Coral reefs are extremely delicate. They can; however, ...
... abuse, recreational abuse, over fishing or aggressive fishing methods, pollution including nutrient and chemical as well as fertilizers, coral bleaching, deforestation, invasions of foreign marine life, and human disturbances in the environment. Coral reefs are extremely delicate. They can; however, ...
Red Herrings - Greenpeace USA
... and removes these complex structures, including deep-sea coral reefs, and exposes juvenile fish to ...
... and removes these complex structures, including deep-sea coral reefs, and exposes juvenile fish to ...
Marine Fisheries Systems - Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
... with narrow geographical ranges. In addition, the ability of the component ecosystems and their embedded species to withstand stresses resulting from climate change and other human impacts will be reduced, though direct demonstration of this effect may not be evident in many systems for some decades ...
... with narrow geographical ranges. In addition, the ability of the component ecosystems and their embedded species to withstand stresses resulting from climate change and other human impacts will be reduced, though direct demonstration of this effect may not be evident in many systems for some decades ...
4 FISHERIES MANAGEMENT 2. The ecosystem approach to fisheries FAO
... the dynamic development of fisheries, it was realized that living aquatic resources, although renewable, are not infinite and need to be properly managed, if their contribution to the nutritional, economic and social well-being of the growing world’s population was to be sustained. 2. The adoption i ...
... the dynamic development of fisheries, it was realized that living aquatic resources, although renewable, are not infinite and need to be properly managed, if their contribution to the nutritional, economic and social well-being of the growing world’s population was to be sustained. 2. The adoption i ...
True Value of Estuarine and Coastal Nurseries for Fish
... habitat, their values are usually conferred by a mosaic of interacting habitats (Sheaves 2009; Berkström et al. 2012) and may rely on processes or inputs derived from well beyond the wetlands themselves (Beger et al. 2010). Many of the processes that underpin nursery function may not be a feature of ...
... habitat, their values are usually conferred by a mosaic of interacting habitats (Sheaves 2009; Berkström et al. 2012) and may rely on processes or inputs derived from well beyond the wetlands themselves (Beger et al. 2010). Many of the processes that underpin nursery function may not be a feature of ...
Assessment of environmental management effects in a shallow
... are still subject of debate (e.g. Duarte, 1995). Algal harvesting removes a source of organic carbon and nutrients from the system, reducing the likelihood of future anoxic conditions in the basin (Lenzi and Mattei, 1998; Lavery et al., 1999). In the long-term, such management activities can facilit ...
... are still subject of debate (e.g. Duarte, 1995). Algal harvesting removes a source of organic carbon and nutrients from the system, reducing the likelihood of future anoxic conditions in the basin (Lenzi and Mattei, 1998; Lavery et al., 1999). In the long-term, such management activities can facilit ...
Considerations for Identification of Effective Area
... under CBD Target 11; that is a marine area receiving effective area-based conservation. The development of the definitions of what constitutes a protected area has taken place elsewhere and we provide a background of that literature, highlighting those definitions that are currently being used both ...
... under CBD Target 11; that is a marine area receiving effective area-based conservation. The development of the definitions of what constitutes a protected area has taken place elsewhere and we provide a background of that literature, highlighting those definitions that are currently being used both ...
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... implicitly trait-based, we here aim to fully place life history trade-offs in a stoichiometric context. This conceptual framework should enhance our ability to predict how communities will respond to changes in nutrient conditions in the environment. ...
... implicitly trait-based, we here aim to fully place life history trade-offs in a stoichiometric context. This conceptual framework should enhance our ability to predict how communities will respond to changes in nutrient conditions in the environment. ...
Ecological resilience
In ecology, resilience is the capacity of an ecosystem to respond to a perturbation or disturbance by resisting damage and recovering quickly. Such perturbations and disturbances can include stochastic events such as fires, flooding, windstorms, insect population explosions, and human activities such as deforestation, fracking of the ground for oil extraction, pesticide sprayed in soil, and the introduction of exotic plant or animal species. Disturbances of sufficient magnitude or duration can profoundly affect an ecosystem and may force an ecosystem to reach a threshold beyond which a different regime of processes and structures predominates. Human activities that adversely affect ecosystem resilience such as reduction of biodiversity, exploitation of natural resources, pollution, land-use, and anthropogenic climate change are increasingly causing regime shifts in ecosystems, often to less desirable and degraded conditions. Interdisciplinary discourse on resilience now includes consideration of the interactions of humans and ecosystems via socio-ecological systems, and the need for shift from the maximum sustainable yield paradigm to environmental resource management which aims to build ecological resilience through ""resilience analysis, adaptive resource management, and adaptive governance"".