• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
OPIOID ANALGESICS
OPIOID ANALGESICS

... • Thus, glutaminergic NMDA receptors MAY regulate mureceptor mRNA, accounting for the development of tolerance to the continuous presence of opioid • Cross-tolerance is the condition where tolerance for one drug produces tolerance for another drug – person who is tolerant to morphine will also be to ...
High Alert Medication
High Alert Medication

...  Build in an independent check system for infusion pump rates and concentration settings. ...
and drug
and drug

... Well vascularized areas will have highest concentration of drug. -- Brain receives 20% of blood flow from heart. The elderly also have reduced cardiac output and increased circulation time all of which may impair the distribution of drugs. The consequence is an increased latency of onset, and prolon ...
Essential Question: How is the combination of genes
Essential Question: How is the combination of genes

... Alleles that have the same form of the same gene [two capital or two lower case letters] are called ...
Lacosamide (Vimpat®)
Lacosamide (Vimpat®)

... (TEAE) was highest in those randomized to the 600mg/day treatment group. The most commonly reported TEAEs were in the CNS and GI system (dizziness, headache, nausea, fatigue, ataxia, vision abnormalities, vomiting, diplopia, somnolence, and nystagmus). The conclusion of the study was that twice dail ...
Seattle-King County Emergency Medical Services
Seattle-King County Emergency Medical Services

... opioid class of drugs. benzodiazepine — A class of medications that causes sedation. They have a variety of uses including: anesthesia, treatment of seizures, treatment of serious anxiety or panic disorders and management of insomnia. dependence — A physical or psychological condition where the body ...
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)

... The dose of nevirapine must be increased to account for increased metabolism due to phenytoin 3. An interaction exists between phenytoin and cotrimoxazole. They should not be administered together 4. Nevirapine may decrease phenytoin levels and therefore the dose of phenytoin may need to be increase ...
NIDA Prescription Drug Report
NIDA Prescription Drug Report

... that provide an important service; however, some online pharmacies dispense medications without a prescription and without appropriate identity verification, allowing minors to order the medications easily over the Internet. NIDA hopes to decrease the prevalence of this problem by increasing awarene ...
US Marshals Seize Supplies of GSK Paxil CR, Avandamet
US Marshals Seize Supplies of GSK Paxil CR, Avandamet

... the tablets that lacks any active ingredient, or alternatively a portion that contains active ingredient and does not have the intended controlled-release effect.” The agency also found that “some Avandamet tablets did not have an accurate dose of rosiglitazone.” FDA’s statement advised patients and ...
Print this article - Kerala Journal of Orthopaedics
Print this article - Kerala Journal of Orthopaedics

... Figure. 2. Mechanism of action of Tapentadalol ...
Cutaneous Adverse Reactions to Valdecoxib Distinct From Stevens
Cutaneous Adverse Reactions to Valdecoxib Distinct From Stevens

... but by infection.3 Furthermore, hemorrhagic erosions of at least 1 site of mucous membranes are present. In SJS, skin detachment is limited to less than 10% of the BSA, whereas a diagnosis of TEN requires epidermal detachment of more than 30%. An overlap group of SJS/TEN has been defined with bliste ...
A
A

... Adenosine administered by inhalation has been reported to cause bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients, presumably due to mast cell degranulation and histamine release. These effects have not been observed in normal subjects. Adenoscan has been administered to a limited number of patients with as ...
Protease inhibitors in chronic hepatitis C
Protease inhibitors in chronic hepatitis C

...  Alter drug dose/dosing frequency  Substitute with alternate agent  Can any drugs be permanently or temporarily discontinued while on DAA treatment?  Consider patient convenience and cost factors  Patient counselling & close monitoring is critical ...
Polypharmacy—August 2010
Polypharmacy—August 2010

... for either depression or hot flashes • Use of paroxetine (Paxil), fluoxetine (Prozac), and sertraline (Zoloft) with tamoxifen— • The P’s are strong inhibitors of CYP 2D6 • Tamoxifen is converted to an active metabolite via ...
Microevolution
Microevolution

... If a new mutant appears in a gene pool it can be eliminated by other things than natural selection (volcanos). Even in large populations genetic drift will cause alleles to go to 0% or 100% slowly or quickly but leads to a homozygous population. ...
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)

... The dose of nevirapine must be increased to account for increased metabolism due to phenytoin 3. An interaction exists between phenytoin and cotrimoxazole. They should not be administered together 4. Nevirapine may decrease phenytoin levels and therefore the dose of phenytoin may need to be increase ...
Biology Pre-Learning Check
Biology Pre-Learning Check

... Perform monohybrid crosses and give genotypic and phenotypic ratios for complete dominance, incomplete dominance, codominance and sex-linked traits (ch 11.2, 11.3 & 14.1) From a genetic problem, be able to tell whether a trait shows complete dominance, incomplete dominance, codominance or is sex-lin ...
Drug Development: Basic Overview of Clinical
Drug Development: Basic Overview of Clinical

... Decision I:Drug unlikely to be effective in  x% of patients Decision II: Drug could be effective in  x% of patients • Other two-stage designs based on determining p1-p0 > x% where p0 is the standard care combination ...
Defining Genetic Diversity (within a population)
Defining Genetic Diversity (within a population)

... χ2 = (16–17)2/17 + (20–18)2/18 + (4–5)2/5 χ2 = 0.4 • Probability of obtaining a χ2 of 7.2 or greater (1 df) = 0.53 • Thus, observed genotypes do not deviate from HWE ...
nektar - Moodle Lille 2
nektar - Moodle Lille 2

... Marion REUMAUX, Camille SAUVAGE, Cécile TARNUS ...
Unit 5 Genetics
Unit 5 Genetics

... When they are on opposite chromosomes they are in trans position. These terms are particularly useful in the Rh groups and can be demonstrated by the following example: in the heterozygote CDe/cDE, C and e are in cis and so are c and E, but C and E, and c and e, are in trans. Positions of genes on c ...
Drug Abuse
Drug Abuse

... Like medicines, some drugs have serious side effects, which can range from minor to deadly.  When taken in conjunction with one or more medicines or other drugs, including alcohol, they can also result in a ...
Medicinal Plants
Medicinal Plants

... with a plant extract, was the first synthetic drug, a product of “modern chemistry”. It remains the most widely used synthetic drug: • In long term daily use (low dose), it is believed to prevent or reduce the probability of heart attack • it stimulates the immune system • it suppresses prostaglandi ...
trauma & pain relief
trauma & pain relief

... nerve block Ulnar, radial and median nerve block ...
international journal of universal pharmacy and bio sciences
international journal of universal pharmacy and bio sciences

...  IV pole, Catheter accessories. ...
< 1 ... 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 ... 1254 >

Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report