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Rosa alba
Rosa alba

... functioning, has anti-cancer properties, boosts the immune system, and even increases ability to perform in stressful situations. • Difficult to test because ginseng preparations differ in their composition. • Many of the chemicals produced by ginseng have counteractive effects. Isolated compounds w ...
Urine Drug Testing Update - American Proficiency Institute
Urine Drug Testing Update - American Proficiency Institute

... treatment. The National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (NACB) practice guidelines for the use of laboratory tests to support poisoned patients recommend that the clinical laboratory provide two tiers of drug testing: a first tier of qualitative and quantitative tests available on a stat basis to e ...
see p. Psy15 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
see p. Psy15 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident

... weeks → dosage is gradually reduced unless relapse occurs.  TCAs do not produce CNS stimulation or mood elevation in normal individuals (may produce sleepiness).  TCAs can be used for prolonged treatment without loss of effectiveness.  all TCAs have similar therapeutic efficacy (patients who do n ...
Intoxicants
Intoxicants

... • The main active ingredient in opium is morphine; codeine is a related compound also found in opium. These compounds relieve pain and induce sleep. • Opium is an Old World crop, and it has been used medically and recreationally since ancient times in Middle East, Egypt, and around the Mediterranean ...
Directed Reading B
Directed Reading B

... carriers recessive selective breeding ...
(GWAS) and Personalized Medicine
(GWAS) and Personalized Medicine

... – The majority of genetic variation is not disease related (>1%),& called SNPs – SNPs comprise “harmless” genetic variation (personalized) – SNPs can be used as markers for disease genes ...
division of molecular genetics
division of molecular genetics

... 389-Mb, is an important staple food for more than half of the world’s population and a model plant for other cereal species. We have developed a large-scale Agrobacterium-mediated transformation procedure with a strong positive-negative selection and succeeded in efficient and reproducible targeting ...
Management of Constipation in Palliative Care
Management of Constipation in Palliative Care

... Codanthramer is a combination laxative (stimulant/softener) which aids compliance, but it is only licensed for use in terminally ill patients (individual clinician needs to decide whether the patient has a limited prognosis) ...
Vol. 78 / No. 21
Vol. 78 / No. 21

... the transition date and suggested they may want to consider submitting an application as a standalone or biosimilar BLA instead. Most of the public comments disagreed with FDA’s proposed handling of applications pending at the time of the transition date. This approach is contrary to the BPCIA’s cle ...
Intoxicants
Intoxicants

... • The main active ingredient in opium is morphine; codeine is a related compound also found in opium. These compounds relieve pain and induce sleep. • Opium is an Old World crop, and it has been used medically and recreationally since ancient times in Middle East, Egypt, and around the Mediterranean ...
1 HST-151 Principles of Clinical Cancer Chemotherapy and Drug
1 HST-151 Principles of Clinical Cancer Chemotherapy and Drug

... 10. Drugs such as verapamil, diltiazem and quinidine have been found to overcome multidrug resistance in cell culture and in some animal experiments. For example, verapamil has been used to reverse adriamycin resistance in human ovarian cancer cells. Verapamil competes with vinblastine for binding, ...
Rivaroxaban prescribing guidance 2016
Rivaroxaban prescribing guidance 2016

The Difficult to Sedate ICU Patient
The Difficult to Sedate ICU Patient

... or hypnosis • Lots of side effects (itching, nausea, constipation, urine retention, myoclonus, respiratory depression) • Very little direct organ toxicity ...
Antibiotic Use in Food Animals: FDA’s Current Activities Issue
Antibiotic Use in Food Animals: FDA’s Current Activities Issue

... production uses, and call for more veterinary oversight. FDA says a voluntary approach is the fastest and most efficient way to tighten control over the use of medically important antibiotics. Regulatory action may require FDA to conduct product-by-product evaluations that could require more time an ...
gaynes school scheme of work b1
gaynes school scheme of work b1

...  explain that there may be different versions of the genes called alleles  explain that an individual usually has two alleles for each gene and that these two alleles may be the same (H: homozygous) or different (H: heterozygous)  state which characteristics an organism will show for a given pair ...
Jennifer Olson 1 Psychotropic Medication: Magic Bullet to Treat
Jennifer Olson 1 Psychotropic Medication: Magic Bullet to Treat

... widespread introduction of antipsychotics to the market, hospitals coined the term “revolving door syndrome” to describe the large number of patients who were treated with medication, released, and than relapsed, ending up right back in the hospital.52 The World Health Organization found that countr ...
PPT
PPT

... Nadolol, has a very long duration of action. Timolol, nonselective used topically to treat glaucoma. Pindolol, acebutolol, and celiprolol. Have partial β -agonist activity. Effective in hypertension & angina and less likely to cause bronchoconstriction, bradycardia and abnormalities in plasma lipids ...
GENETIC PRINCIPLES
GENETIC PRINCIPLES

... •  Goal: To understand the contributions of early geneticists ...
Antibacterials II: Vancomycin, Linezolid, Daptomycin, Macrolides
Antibacterials II: Vancomycin, Linezolid, Daptomycin, Macrolides

...  Weight based dosing: use IBW or ABW  Interval: once-daily dosing for gram-negative infection (normal renal function, 7 mg/kg/day). Gram + synergy 1mg/kg q 8-12h. ...
Genetic algorithms for neural networks
Genetic algorithms for neural networks

... • Work on populations, not single points • Use an objective function (fitness) only, rather than derivatives or other information • Use probabilistic rules rather than deterministic rules • Operate on an encoded set of values (a chromosome) rather than the values themselves ...
Human Genetics Traits lab
Human Genetics Traits lab

... thumb on top ....and other people will place the right over the left. Studies have shown that the placing the left over the right is due to a dominant gene (F) while placing the right on top occurs only in the recessive (ff) genotype. Long Palmar Muscle When a person is homozygous for a recessive ge ...
DRUG RECEPTOR AND PHARMCODYNAMICS
DRUG RECEPTOR AND PHARMCODYNAMICS

... b. It is rarely predictable and its dose-response is unusual in that minute amount of an otherwise safe drug elicits a severe reaction; c. The manifestations of the reaction are different from the usual pharmacological and toxicological effects of drug. Drug induced allergy have been reported for al ...
Oral Anti-diabetic Drugs in Special Populations
Oral Anti-diabetic Drugs in Special Populations

... Donadon V, Balbi M, Mas MD, Casarin P, Zanette G. Metformin and reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in diabetic patients with chronic liver disease. Liver Int 2010; 30: 750-8. Nkontchou G, Cosson E, Aout M, Mahmoudi A, et al. Impact of metformin on the prognosis of cirrhosis induced by viral he ...
Genetic algorithms for neural networks
Genetic algorithms for neural networks

... • Work on populations, not single points • Use an objective function (fitness) only, rather than derivatives or other information • Use probabilistic rules rather than deterministic rules • Operate on an encoded set of values (a chromosome) rather than the values themselves ...
Test (1) If there are four children in a family with a different blood
Test (1) If there are four children in a family with a different blood

... 6. The gene for Alkaptonuria (ALK) has recently been shown to lie on human chromosome 9 and to be linked to the gene encoding the ABO blood group, with a recombination frequency of 11% between the loci. The two alleles at the ALK locus will be denoted A and a. The three alleles at the ABO blood grou ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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