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Drug in Pregnancy
Drug in Pregnancy

... calcium in the developing bone and tooth structures. This leads to brown discoloration hypoplasia of the enamel and inhibition of bone growth. The staining of the teeth takes place in the 2nd & 3rd Hepatotoxicity has been reported in pregnant women using large doses of tetracycline. 341 exposed infa ...
cns – antiepileptic drugs
cns – antiepileptic drugs

... Mechanisms of action are unknown  May prolong blockade of sodium channels, enhance activity of GABA, and antagonize certain ...
Coat Color Chart - allbreedGENETICS
Coat Color Chart - allbreedGENETICS

... This Coat Color Chart is for people who are not (yet) familiar with all those colors a horse can have. This Chart is kept very simple and helps you to identify your horse’s color even if you see yourself confronted with Genetics for the first time. There are quite a few more colors than the ones sho ...
Ana Santos Rutschman
Ana Santos Rutschman

Genetic Traits
Genetic Traits

... How a person looks based on your genes. A person can inherit from mom/dad genes. These genes can be dominant or recessive Dominant genes are stronger and can mask or hide the recessive gene. • You get two genes for each trait (one from mom, one from dad)! ...
Therapy of intestinal protozoa
Therapy of intestinal protozoa

... history of exposure and clinical findings consistent with giardiasis, but with negative stool diagnostic studies for G. lamblia and other enteropathogens, many authorities recommend empiric treatment because of the historic difficulties in sensitivity of diagnostic tests. Metronidazole has been the ...
Dear Parents of A Smith, Your child currently has a final 9
Dear Parents of A Smith, Your child currently has a final 9

... b. Reduce reliance on poorly tolerated medications c. Improve quality of life (QOL) d. Avoid increased headache medication use e. Educate patients to manage their disease f. Select medication based on side-effect profile and patient’s underlying disease states Medication should be used for at least ...
Design and Evaluation of Niosomal Gel Delivery Systems for Topical
Design and Evaluation of Niosomal Gel Delivery Systems for Topical

... DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR TOPICAL APPLICATION OF CLOTRIMAZOLE ...
surgery 321 - revmedchir.ro
surgery 321 - revmedchir.ro

... the most frequent benign breast lesion. Most treatments for fibrocystic mastosis are: hormonl, with beneficial results and non-hormonal, with fluctuating results. Material and methods: A number of 210 cases were studied, which were divided into 7 groups. The study lasted for 9 months and it was carr ...
epanova
epanova

... • Epanova reduced TG levels by at least ...
Mendel`s Legacy
Mendel`s Legacy

... a vital enzyme within the lysosomes of the nervous system. These individuals are normal at birth, but by 8 months the lysosomes rupture and break down the brain cells. By their 1st birthday they will usually be blind, mentally handicapped, and display little muscle activity. Most die before the age ...
Current Issues
Current Issues

... advise patients not to take if they have asthma or any other breathing problems. The American Hospital Formulary Service Drug Information text states that ‘respiratory depression is produced even with therapeutic analgesic doses of opiate agonists, but it is not usually clinically important in patie ...
Symptom Management Pocket Guide: Delirium
Symptom Management Pocket Guide: Delirium

... the source of delirium is alcohol or sedative drug withdrawal, or when severe agitation is not controlled by the neuroleptic.  If patient has known or suspected brain metastases a trial of corticosteroids is worthwhile. o Dexamethasone 16 - 32 mg po daily in the morning may be used (Suggestion is b ...
THE CROSSROADS OF PHARMACEUTICAL
THE CROSSROADS OF PHARMACEUTICAL

... off its liability in noting that: “…since plaintiff has alleged that ABC knew that its distribution practices helped to foster the “gray market,” it was reasonably foreseeable that by continuing to do so, a person would be able to counterfeit or misbrand prescription drugs and deliver such drugs to ...
`Ecstasy` and
`Ecstasy` and

... several regions. In many countries, particularly Japan, Mexico, the Philippines, the Republic of Korea, Sweden and the United Kingdom, abuse of amphetamines has already been more widespread than abuse of cocaine and heroin combined. There are now signs that abuse of synthetics is increasing in other ...
Advances in epilepsy - Epilepsy Foundation of Minnesota
Advances in epilepsy - Epilepsy Foundation of Minnesota

... uncontrolled seizures were given three capsules of sunflower oil (as placebo) or sunflower oil and 100 mg of cannabidiol for the first week (as treatment). Thus, patients who were treated received 300 mg of cannabinol daily for the first week. During the next three weeks (weeks two to four) the pati ...
Hardy-Weinberg If evolution can be defined as a change in allele
Hardy-Weinberg If evolution can be defined as a change in allele

... If evolution can be defined as a change in allele frequencies, is it conversely true that a population not undergoing evolution should maintain a stable gene frequency from generation to generation? This was the question that Hardy and Weinberg answered independently. 1. Definitions. Complete these ...
The Emperor`s New Drugs: An Analysis of Antidepressant
The Emperor`s New Drugs: An Analysis of Antidepressant

... We used the 17-item scores for citalopram studies because this version of the scale was used in all of the clinical trials of that medication. Calculation of response to drug and placebo for the two studies using different forms of the scale reveals that the drug/placebo comparison is comparable, re ...
Duplication 8q12: confirmation of a novel recognizable
Duplication 8q12: confirmation of a novel recognizable

... In an attempt to determine which genes (or combination of genes) are responsible for the phenotype observed in the three patients, we considered the known functions of the genes located in the minimal critical region. The CA8 gene encodes for a protein that modulates intracellular calcium signalling ...
Statins , Aspirin, B-Blockers and ACE inhibitors
Statins , Aspirin, B-Blockers and ACE inhibitors

... hardening of the arteries would be harmful the day or week before a heart attack, but helpful the day or week after a heart attack. • Evidence supports the selective use in high risk for heart disease. Similarly, they have been shown to do the same in patients without heart disease, but who are at h ...
Use of Psychoactive Medications in Individuals with Co
Use of Psychoactive Medications in Individuals with Co

... The atypical antipsychotic medications such as risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, ziprasidone, and aripiprazole are the first-line medications for patients with newly diagnosed psychotic disorders and for all co-occurring disorder patients requiring antipsychotic treatment. Atypical antipsychotics ...
Acid-Base Properties of Drugs - NSU College of Pharmacy
Acid-Base Properties of Drugs - NSU College of Pharmacy

... kidney. Virtually all drugs are filtered at the glomerulus, and if the drug is present mainly in the lipid-soluble non -ionized form when it passes by the renal tubule, a significant fraction will be reabsorbed by passive diffusion. If the goal is to enhance excretion of the drug, one must prevent i ...
M.Pharm. Dissertation protocol
M.Pharm. Dissertation protocol

... The present work is aimed to design and evaluate the stavudine gellan gum microbeads by ionotropic gelation technique as a sustained release system. It is widely used as a antiviral agent. The drug is practically soluble in water. Hence, the main aim of the present study is to develop a sustained dr ...
Vioxx Report.indd - The Physicians Committee
Vioxx Report.indd - The Physicians Committee

... for the meeting stated: “At present, there is no compelling marketing need for such a study. Data would not be available during the critical period. The implied message would not be favorable” (16). The FDA was also aware of potential CV risk from Vioxx at the time of approval, stating in its medica ...
Microarrays - Computational Bioscience Program
Microarrays - Computational Bioscience Program

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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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