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oral controlled release drug delivery system
oral controlled release drug delivery system

... lipophilic nature of biological membrane. Drugs that have lower partition coefficient are not suitable for oral CR drug delivery system and drugs that have higher partition coefficient are also not suitable for oral CR drug delivery system because they will not partition out of the lipid membrane on ...
Pharmacology of stimulant substances
Pharmacology of stimulant substances

... liquids both with and without alcohol for oral and sub-lingual administration, available in regular and bottles, dropper bottles, bottles with a pump similar to those used with liquid soap and phials with droppers built into the cap tablets and capsules containing (acetaminophen), aspirin and other ...
Know the facts about drugs
Know the facts about drugs

... Side-effects – Your body temperature, blood pressure and heart-rate can rise. Other physical effects include muscle pain, nausea, jaw stiffness and teeth grinding. You may experience severe sweating, shaking and palpitations. You can feel dehydrated, confused and tired. Risks – Most legal drugs are ...
Simple Inheritance: Who`s queen bee?
Simple Inheritance: Who`s queen bee?

... Huntington's disease is a genetic condition that can lead to dementia and the loss of muscle coordination among other symptoms. It follows a dominant inheritance pattern but people with only one copy of the defective gene often show symptoms only later in life. So before they discover that they have ...
Anticoagulation for Stroke Prevention in Non
Anticoagulation for Stroke Prevention in Non

... - Apixaban is not licensed for crushing at the time of writing, although data is available to support its use. 6 - NOACs currently have no known food or alcohol interactions. Warfarin is known to interact with certain foods e.g. cranberry, alcohol, and food containing high amounts of vitamin K. 7 - ...
Bispectral Index ( BIS )Monitoring in Patients Undergoing Abstract
Bispectral Index ( BIS )Monitoring in Patients Undergoing Abstract

... Background: Bispectral index (BIS) is a monitor of anesthetic depth wherein complex EEG patterns are reduced to simple numbers in the range of 100 to 0. BIS decreases with increase in depth of anesthesia and adequate anesthesia levels are supposedly achieved with BIS levels of 40–60. The clinical us ...
Modified Mendelian Ratios I
Modified Mendelian Ratios I

... postulate of dominance/ recessiveness. Does the expression of all genes occur in this way? ex. Are there only two colors of hair for humans with one clearly dominant to the other? NO I. Alleles alter phenotypes in different ways; a variety of symbols are used for alleles ...
Next Generation Therapeutics for Disorders of Complement
Next Generation Therapeutics for Disorders of Complement

... This presentation contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including, but not limited to, statements regarding the safety, efficacy and regulatory and clinical progress of our product candidates, including RA101495. All such fo ...
REFERENCE GUIDE FOR PHARMACY TECHNICIAN EXAM
REFERENCE GUIDE FOR PHARMACY TECHNICIAN EXAM

... The bottom number is known as diastolic pressure, the pressure inside blood vessels when the heart is at rest. It is considered high if it is consistently over 90. In hypertension, either or both of these numbers may be high or elevated. ...
Guidelines for Use of Patients` Own Medicinal Products in Hospitals
Guidelines for Use of Patients` Own Medicinal Products in Hospitals

... own medication before the product is used or administered in the hospital. With the usual process, the pharmacist reviews the prescription or medication container label, visually checks the container contents and compares the distinguishing features of the medication to a manufacturer’s or reference ...
Medical Transcription Teachers - The SUM Program for Medical
Medical Transcription Teachers - The SUM Program for Medical

... in handwritten drug orders has led to countless errors because the decimal point was overlooked. Conversely, the insertion of a zero to the right of the decimal point in the expression of an integer (whole number) multiplies that number by 10 if the decimal point happens to go unnoticed. Thus, for e ...
Genetic Algorithms - Iust personal webpages
Genetic Algorithms - Iust personal webpages

... cells all with the same genetic contents Although all cells contain the same genes, depending on, for example where they are in the organism, they will behave differently This process of differential behaviour during development is called ontogenesis All of this uses, and is controlled by, the same ...
Lab 8: Genetics
Lab 8: Genetics

... and sperm) are produced by Meiosis. Therefore, it is equally likely that our secondary eggs or sperm will receive either the maternal or paternal chromosomes we inherited with modification from our parents. If the probability of getting either one is equal, this probability can be expressed as ½, li ...
3: Respiratory system - Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust
3: Respiratory system - Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

... - Salbutamol aerosol inhalation or breath-actuated aerosol inhalation, 100micrograms/puff: 100200 micrograms; persistent symptoms up to 3-4 times daily; prophylaxis in exercise-induced bronchospasm, 200 micrograms. - Salbutamol DPI: Ventolin Accuhaler®, 200micrograms; persistent symptoms, up to 4 ti ...
renal pharmacology - ANNA Jersey North Chapter 126
renal pharmacology - ANNA Jersey North Chapter 126

... What the drug does to the body incorporates kinetics integrates microbiological activity focusing on biological effects, particular growth inhibition and killing of pathogens ...
cocaine
cocaine

... system and the systemic circulation. Cocaine is rapidly hydrolyzed to its major metabolite, ecgonine methyl ester (EME). EME, formed by hydrolysis by liver and plasma esterases, accounts for 30–50 per cent of the parent product. Nonenzymatic hydrolysis results in the formation of the other major met ...


... civilian community and, thus, military products (or, in some cases, for testing treatment is intended, and (4) the nature regulations state that military members approved products for unapproved of the information to be provided to the uses), an investigational new drug (IND) may be required to subm ...
JAMA - Medscape
JAMA - Medscape

... second drug from one of the classes in recommendation 6 (thiazide-type diuretic, CCB, ACEI, or ARB). The clinician should continue to assess BP and adjust the treatment regimen until goal BP is reached. If goal BP cannot be reached with 2 drugs, add and titrate a third drug from the list provided. D ...
NL/H/2804/001/DC D
NL/H/2804/001/DC D

... capsules, soft. It explains how this medicine was assessed and its authorisation recommended as well as its conditions of use. It is not intended to provide practical advice on how to use this medicine. For practical information about using Naproxennatrium Banner 220 mg, patients should read the pac ...
LECTURE 5: LINKAGE AND GENETIC MAPPING
LECTURE 5: LINKAGE AND GENETIC MAPPING

... depends upon the gene pair under consideration. Linked genes have a recombination frequency of less than 50%. The example we use above indicates tight linkage (the genes are close together), whereas other gene pairs give different percentages. A RF of 1% indicates tight linkage, whereas a RF closer ...
Intravitreal Inserts
Intravitreal Inserts

... the 0.59 mg treatment group and from 58 % to 7 %, 17 % and 41 % respectively for the 2.1 mg treatment group. The rate of uveitis recurrence was low during the period corresponding to the active life of the implant but began to increase towards the end of the drug delivery period. There was no differ ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Buprenorphine overdose > Unusual in opioid tolerant [ie opioid dependent] patients. > Can occur in opioid dependent patients if combined with alcohol or benzodiazepines or other sedatives. > Requires high dose naloxone to reverse [up to ...
Research Involving Investigational Drugs
Research Involving Investigational Drugs

... A. When human subjects research involves the use of drugs or biological products, FDA regulations apply. Investigators must provide sufficient information about the drug or biologic for the IRB to evaluate its associated risks and benefits, including the FDA approval status of the product (i.e., app ...
Document
Document

... Heterozygous ...
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Document

... Back to Mendel’s Conclusions ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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