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Probability and Punnett Square PPT
Probability and Punnett Square PPT

... no horns is recessive. Draw a Punnet Square showing the cross of a purple people eater that is hybrid for horns with a purple people eater that does not have horns. Use H and h for your alleles. Summarize the genotypes & phenotypes of the possible offspring. ...
chapter 14 mendel and the gene idea
chapter 14 mendel and the gene idea

... Mendel discovered the basic principles of heredity by breeding garden peas in carefully planned experiments, carried out several decades before chromosomes were observed under the microscope. ...
B2B Basics Pharmacology Review
B2B Basics Pharmacology Review

... reduce mortality by 50% as per many RCTs, but you need to be on it for 20 years to see a benefit.” ...
Biological Sciences Initiative - University of Colorado Boulder
Biological Sciences Initiative - University of Colorado Boulder

... resulting in the emergence of new species, which is often referred to as “macroevolution”. Before continuing with this activity, it would be wise to review the following terms and concepts. Allele Definition: alternative form of a gene (Campbell, 1996) As an example consider the ABO blood group in h ...
PDF - Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and
PDF - Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and

... 30000 structural genes, and in consequence 2010 genes in the heterozygotic state in the human genome (30000 x 0.067 = 2010). If an individual results from an uncle-niece cross: this individual will be more "homogenous" than his or her parents, because of the increased consanguinity, the percentage o ...
Nixon,  Haqpave, Devans  23~ Doyle Attorneys
Nixon, Haqpave, Devans 23~ Doyle Attorneys

... drug This effect (mood) nine times during the 12-hour session. study compared 75 mg sustained-release ...
Simvastatin and atorvastatin: beware of potential CYP3A4
Simvastatin and atorvastatin: beware of potential CYP3A4

... Simvastatin and atorvastatin are the most frequently prescribed statins in New Zealand. Simvastatin, and to a lesser extent, atorvastatin, are metabolised by the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4. Medicines that inhibit or induce this enzyme (Table 1) are likely to affect the plasma concentration of these st ...
Chapter 26 Lecture Notes: Population Genetics I. Introduction A
Chapter 26 Lecture Notes: Population Genetics I. Introduction A

... 2. Heredity: Offspring are more similar to their parents than to unrelated individuals 3. Selection: Individuals having some phenotypes are more successful at surviving and reproducing than others B. Population genetics 1. the translation of Darwin’s three principles into genetic terms 2. study of h ...
Breeding strategies - Tree Improvement Program
Breeding strategies - Tree Improvement Program

... • While inbreeding depression can occur among full sibs or other related individuals, selfing is the fastest way to achieve homozygous expression of deleterious alleles. ...
TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY FOR CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: A REVIEW Research Article
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... Targeted drug delivery is a method of delivering medication to a patient in a manner that increases the concentration of the medication in some parts of the body relative to others. Targeted drug delivery seeks to concentrate the medication in the tissues of interest while reducing the relative conc ...
(HIV)–Infected Adults Receiving A
(HIV)–Infected Adults Receiving A

... were also associated with increased risk, but this preliminary report did not assess PI use separately in its analysis. Other investigators have retrospectively analyzed cohorts for temporal trends in the incidence of myocardial infarction or CHDassociated mortality in relation to the general availa ...
Local and Nitrous Review
Local and Nitrous Review

... safe and efficacious in children 6-12 – Children 4-6 were not included secondary to poor historians in determining level of soft tissue anesthesia, but the drug was found to be safe with no adverse events ...
Monday 23rd December: PSA2
Monday 23rd December: PSA2

... Option A Justification This dose exceeds the 200 mg/24 hours daily morphine dose required for good analgesia and significantly increases the risk of adverse effects. Option B Justification This dose exceeds the 200 mg/24 hours daily morphine dose required for good analgesia and significantly increas ...
Titin Truncating Mutations Rarely Cause Dilated Cardiomyopathy in
Titin Truncating Mutations Rarely Cause Dilated Cardiomyopathy in

... in children was lower than in adolescents (P=0.037) and in adults with end-stage heart failure8 (P=0.010). When 13 children with other possible causes of DCM were excluded, there were only two of 38 children who carried a TTNtv (5%), with significant differences when compared to adolescents (P=0.044 ...
Eloxatin -13-August-2002
Eloxatin -13-August-2002

... patients with advanced colorectal cancer who had relapsed/progressed during or within 6 months of first line therapy with bolus 5-FU/LV and irinotecan. The study was intended to be analyzed for response rate after 450 patients were enrolled. Survival will be subsequently assessed in all patients enr ...
Psy 5260 – Summer I 2009
Psy 5260 – Summer I 2009

... Negative publicity influenced Harrison Act of 1914, which mainly focused on opiates and morphine, but also included cocaine. Drove cocaine distribution and use underground ...
DIPHENHYDRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
DIPHENHYDRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

... hydrochloride is widely distributed throughout the body, including the CNS. A portion of the drug is excreted unchanged in the urine, while the rest is metabolized via the liver. Detailed information on the pharmacokinetics of Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride Injection is not available. INDICATIONS AND ...
RSPT 1410 Common Respiratory Drugs
RSPT 1410 Common Respiratory Drugs

... DNA in the sputum •  the change in sputum viscosity is dose dependent – greater reduction occurs at higher concentrations of the drug ...
Preview the material
Preview the material

... critical care units may administer many drugs from different classes. These medications may sometimes be routine prescription medications needed for general care of the patient, but often, the drugs are also given in emergency or life-threatening situations. In the intensive care unit (ICU) or emerg ...
Review article: prevention of non-steroidal anti
Review article: prevention of non-steroidal anti

... trivial lesion is uncertain and ulcers are over diagnosed. For example, a blinded review of the teaching tape for investigators participating in NSAID ulcer prevention trials showed that a high proportion of lesions scored as ‘ulcers’ would not be scored as ulcers by experienced endoscopists.16 Belo ...
Visceral leishmaniasis - current therapeutic modalities
Visceral leishmaniasis - current therapeutic modalities

... Major therapeutic obstacles in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) include the alarming increase in antimonial unresponsiveness especially in Bihar, India and relapses in HIV-Leishmania co-infected patients. The therapeutic armamentarium for VL is currently plagued with several limitations ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Law of Independent Assortment: If the genes are not connected, then they should segregate independently. The alleles are randomly packaged into different gametes during meiosis (For example, genes for seed shape and color were not inherited together.) ...
Non-Opioid Pain Relievers
Non-Opioid Pain Relievers

... Opiates Plus TCA’s • One trial did not find morphine + nortriptyline better than either alone, but saw poor results with all therapies. • Another study found that TCA’s significantly reduced opiate usage in patients on combination. • More studies of drug combinations needed. ...
Loyola Adult Pain Management Guidelines For patients 18 years
Loyola Adult Pain Management Guidelines For patients 18 years

... 3. Acetaminophen for long term use includes the following maximum doses: • 3.2 g/day • 2.4 g/day for elderly, liver dysfunction, and malnourished patients Consultation with the Anesthesia Pain Service Pager 68777 #10580 1. Pain management is the responsibility of each hospital service, including PCA ...
BERBERIS ARISTATA TETRACHLORIDE INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN RATS
BERBERIS ARISTATA TETRACHLORIDE INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN RATS

... rifampicin, isoniazid etc. used in medical therapy. Hepatotoxic drugs can injure the hepatocyte by generating free-radical or metabolic intermediate that causes peroxidation of lipid membrane resulting in liver cell injury [1]. Efforts have been made to search for effective hepatoprotective agents h ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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