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CE EN Evidence-based Pharmacy Practice (EBPP): DYSLIPIDAEMIA
CE EN Evidence-based Pharmacy Practice (EBPP): DYSLIPIDAEMIA

... A random total cholesterol test is sufficient for screening patients for dyslipidaemia, but if the total cholesterol is > 5 mmol/l a fasting lipoprotein profile should be undertaken.7 A complete history and physical examination should also be undertaken. A full fasting lipogram should be the initial ...
Lipid Lowering Agents
Lipid Lowering Agents

... stroke) whose average LDL was only 3.3mmol/L. All-cause mortality data suggests that for every 59 patients treated for 5 years, 1 death could be prevented. The study also found that vitamins E, C, and beta-carotene did not provide any benefit. Further analysis awaits full publication of the data. ...
cataflam - Novartis
cataflam - Novartis

... Cardiovascular Thrombotic Events Clinical trials of several COX-2 selective and nonselective NSAIDs of up to three years duration have shown an increased risk of serious cardiovascular (CV) thrombotic events, including myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, which can be fatal. Based on available dat ...
A/A : A/S
A/A : A/S

... If, however, a minority group mates nearly exclusively with other members of the minority group, then the frequency of affected individuals in the minority group would be (q2min) = 0.0025.  Because the minority group is one tenth of the entire population, the true frequency of disease in the total ...
The Role of Subcutaneous Ketorolac for Pain Management
The Role of Subcutaneous Ketorolac for Pain Management

... therapy greater than 5 days was associated with an increased risk of GI bleeding (odds ratio [OR], 2.20; P = .04). High doses (>105 mg/day) of ketorolac were also associated with increased risk, which was further increased in people older than 65 years of age.3 Renal toxicity has been mainly demonst ...
Renal Failure and Treatment
Renal Failure and Treatment

... Calcium absorption decreases ...
Anabolic Steroids
Anabolic Steroids

... that anabolic steroid users attending these services may be only the “tip of the iceberg” 16. Whilst comparative data are unavailable for most areas of the country, anecdotal reports from SEPs across the UK suggest that this is not a localised phenomenon. To what extent these data reflect an increas ...
Interactions between SNP Alleles at Multiple Loci Contribute to Skin
Interactions between SNP Alleles at Multiple Loci Contribute to Skin

... showed that SNP alleles at multiple loci that contributed to racial differences in skin color were statistically dependent, indicating a high probability of LD structure. Confirmation of these findings requires further study with other ethnic groups, such as with a Negroid population, to analyze the ...
Slides - American Chemical Society
Slides - American Chemical Society

... oxygen (it has a high blood flow), which increases the risk of toxic danger Solution = the blood-brain barrier (BBB) Capillaries in brain do not allow drugs to pass as easily as capillaries in rest of body ...
Chapter 10 Pharmacology
Chapter 10 Pharmacology

... 1. Natural sources such as plants and animals. 2. Microscopic organisms such as bacteria, fungi, and molds. 3. Synthetics and bioengineering. ...
MEMORANDUM Date: April 9, 2012 To: Vancomycin File From
MEMORANDUM Date: April 9, 2012 To: Vancomycin File From

... and staphylococcal enterocolitis. The usual adult total daily dosage is 500 mg to 2 g administered orally in 3 or 4 divided doses for 7 to 10 days. C. difficile-associated diarrhea: The recommended dose is 125 mg administered orally 4 times daily for 10 days.4 Staphylococcal enterocolitis: Total dai ...
Anticonvulsants as mood stabilisers
Anticonvulsants as mood stabilisers

... Valproate is a simple branched-chain fatty acid. It has good efficacy in epilepsy and is generally well tolerated. It is contraindicated in active liver disease or where there is a family history of hepatic dysfunction. Liver function should be monitored at baseline and regularly thereafter, particu ...
VIEW PDF - Practical Dermatology
VIEW PDF - Practical Dermatology

... causative in three cases. All three of those patients experienced renal failure, and two of those three patients died. Based on their analysis of these cases and other databases, the authors recommend that minocycline be considered a “higher risk” medication.12 Although predictive and prognostic fac ...
THIRTY-EIGHTH  ANNUAL  REPORT RESEARCH  ADVISORY  PANEL 2008
THIRTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT RESEARCH ADVISORY PANEL 2008

... UCLA have provided the Panel with the following summary of ongoing research titled "Optimizing outcomes using Suboxone for Opiate Dependence" The approval ofh\.lprenorphine (combined with naloxone as Suboxone) by the FDA enables physicians in the United States to provide a pharmacotherapy treatment ...
FDA Enforcement of Criminal Liability for Clinical
FDA Enforcement of Criminal Liability for Clinical

... testing, the Agency indirectly regulates how preclinical testing is conducted because it uses the results of these tests to determine whether to allow human clinical trials. Consequently, as part of preclinical testing, the sponsor must develop a “pharmacological profile” of the new drug to allow FD ...
Missense mutations in the PAX6 gene in aniridia.
Missense mutations in the PAX6 gene in aniridia.

... amplified by PCR and then subjected to SSCP analysis. Abnormal patterns in exon 5 were found in patients 1 and 2 and in exon 8 of patient 3 and his affected mother but not in unaffected members of the immediate families or in more than 100 healthy control subjects. The SSCP pattern indicated a heter ...
Evolution 1/e - SUNY Plattsburgh
Evolution 1/e - SUNY Plattsburgh

... to determine what allele and genotype frequencies we would expect to find in a population if all that is happening is alleles are being randomly assigned to gametes when gametes are made (during meiosis) and those gametes meet up at random. ...
draft report - Canadian Ophthalmological Society
draft report - Canadian Ophthalmological Society

... reimbursing the costliest of the anti-VEGFs for treating retinal conditions is large and will continue to expand due to a growing proportion of older Canadians who are more likely to develop retinal conditions. Several jurisdictions within Canada have in place publicly funded access to bevacizumab f ...
Exemestane - BC Cancer Agency
Exemestane - BC Cancer Agency

... 8. Lonning PE, Bajetta E, Murray R, et al. Activity of exemestane in metastatic breast cancer after failure of nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors: a phase II trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2000;18(11):2234-44. 9. Coombes RC, Hall E, Gibson LJ, et al. A randomized trial of exemestane after two to ...
Missense mutations in the PAX6 gene in aniridia.
Missense mutations in the PAX6 gene in aniridia.

... amplified by PCR and then subjected to SSCP analysis. Abnormal patterns in exon 5 were found in patients 1 and 2 and in exon 8 of patient 3 and his affected mother but not in unaffected members of the immediate families or in more than 100 healthy control subjects. The SSCP pattern indicated a heter ...
Disclaimer
Disclaimer

... permit a new drug containing mercury or arsenic to be introduced without indepth toxicological evaluation. Apart from the normal responses, many chemicals could produce adverse reactions on widespread use. A very interesting case relates to hexachlorophene, widely used since 1945 as a mild bacterici ...
chapter14_Sections 1
chapter14_Sections 1

... abilities; early death ...
Document
Document

... treatment for opioid dependence who were randomized to 2 week detoxification with buprenorphine/naloxone (DETOX) or 12 weeks buprenorphine/naloxone (BUP). 111 participants had at least one set of LFTs during treatment and were included in analyses of treatment effects. Mean age was 19.1 years, and ...
Lithium carbonate or Eskaltih
Lithium carbonate or Eskaltih

Clinical trials in children
Clinical trials in children

... not impossible, to quantify the risk. Without knowing the nature of future risks, to what extent can permission be given to child participation in clinical research? Researchers need to consider the ethical issues of conducting clinical trials in children, not only on a theoretical level, but also o ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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