1. Introduction Chemotaxis Chemotaxis is the net movement of a
... various motile bacterial species shows certain common themes. One is that flagellar rotation propels the cells in an aqueous environment with random switches or stops in rotation allowing reorientation of the cell in a new swimming direction. Second, the “random walk” of swimming bacteria is biased. ...
... various motile bacterial species shows certain common themes. One is that flagellar rotation propels the cells in an aqueous environment with random switches or stops in rotation allowing reorientation of the cell in a new swimming direction. Second, the “random walk” of swimming bacteria is biased. ...
Molecular Components of the Bacterial Cytoskeleton
... eubacterial and, in some cases, archaeal cytoskeletal elements. ...
... eubacterial and, in some cases, archaeal cytoskeletal elements. ...
Intraflagellar transport and the generation of dynamic, structurally
... Figure 1. Canonical motile and non-motile ciliary ultrastructures and different cilia morphologies. (a) Ubiquitous basal body-ciliary ultrastructures. The basal body region is normally built from triplet microtubules, labeled A, B C. Transitional fibers, which emanate from the distal end of the basa ...
... Figure 1. Canonical motile and non-motile ciliary ultrastructures and different cilia morphologies. (a) Ubiquitous basal body-ciliary ultrastructures. The basal body region is normally built from triplet microtubules, labeled A, B C. Transitional fibers, which emanate from the distal end of the basa ...
University of Birmingham Armadillo
... Armadillo (ARM)-repeat proteins form a large family with diverse and fundamental functions in many eukaryotes. ARM-repeat proteins have largely been characterised in multicellular organisms and much is known about how a subset of these proteins function. The structure of ARM-repeats allows proteins ...
... Armadillo (ARM)-repeat proteins form a large family with diverse and fundamental functions in many eukaryotes. ARM-repeat proteins have largely been characterised in multicellular organisms and much is known about how a subset of these proteins function. The structure of ARM-repeats allows proteins ...
Chapter 6
... anchoring many organelles • It is composed of three types of molecular structures: – Microtubules – Microfilaments – Intermediate filaments Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... anchoring many organelles • It is composed of three types of molecular structures: – Microtubules – Microfilaments – Intermediate filaments Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Cell Membranes
... What is active transport? Active transport is the movement of a substance against its concentration gradient. (From low to high concentration) What does active transport require? Active transport requires ATP for energy. Is active transport used when a particle wants Active transport occurs against ...
... What is active transport? Active transport is the movement of a substance against its concentration gradient. (From low to high concentration) What does active transport require? Active transport requires ATP for energy. Is active transport used when a particle wants Active transport occurs against ...
Full text in pdf format
... fraction within the bacterioplankton. If grazing pressure on the bacterioplankton increases, the hypothesis predicts that the mean growth activity per bacterial cell should decline, as the most actively growing cells suffer highest mortality rates. In contrast to marine systems, there is increasing ...
... fraction within the bacterioplankton. If grazing pressure on the bacterioplankton increases, the hypothesis predicts that the mean growth activity per bacterial cell should decline, as the most actively growing cells suffer highest mortality rates. In contrast to marine systems, there is increasing ...
Protists List the characteristics of all protists. Protists
... • are the “odds and ends” kingdom • are eukaryotes (cells contain a nucleus) • live in moist surroundings • are very diverse ...
... • are the “odds and ends” kingdom • are eukaryotes (cells contain a nucleus) • live in moist surroundings • are very diverse ...
Construction of high-density bacterial colony arrays and
... method (Benson, 1998). This solution was diluted to different concentrations of bacterial suspensions for subsequent printing. The tubes containing bacterial suspensions were forcefully shaken before printing, to break up clumps and ensure good distribution of the bacteria. The movement of the cartr ...
... method (Benson, 1998). This solution was diluted to different concentrations of bacterial suspensions for subsequent printing. The tubes containing bacterial suspensions were forcefully shaken before printing, to break up clumps and ensure good distribution of the bacteria. The movement of the cartr ...
Cell Structures Endoplasmic Reticulum
... Contains genetic material (DNA) Makes RNA copies of DNA genes The DNA when all wound up for cell division Help chromosomes separate during cell division Filled with water for turgor pressure Path lined with ribosomes leading out of the nucleus Read RNA messages from nucleus to make proteins Site of ...
... Contains genetic material (DNA) Makes RNA copies of DNA genes The DNA when all wound up for cell division Help chromosomes separate during cell division Filled with water for turgor pressure Path lined with ribosomes leading out of the nucleus Read RNA messages from nucleus to make proteins Site of ...
Interaction between Cell Wall and Plasma Membrane via RGD Motif
... To evaluate such a hypothesis, a far-western blotting analysis was performed. As shown in Figure 2, the biotinylated cell wall protein(s) interacted with a single plasma membrane protein with Mr of 60 kDa. Furthermore, the binding was markedly inhibited by RGD peptide but not by RGE peptide. These r ...
... To evaluate such a hypothesis, a far-western blotting analysis was performed. As shown in Figure 2, the biotinylated cell wall protein(s) interacted with a single plasma membrane protein with Mr of 60 kDa. Furthermore, the binding was markedly inhibited by RGD peptide but not by RGE peptide. These r ...
BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS AND OTHER INHIBITORS OF CELL
... requirement for antibacterial activity. • Side chain determines many of the antibacterial and pharmacological characteristics of a particular type of penicillin. ...
... requirement for antibacterial activity. • Side chain determines many of the antibacterial and pharmacological characteristics of a particular type of penicillin. ...
BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS AND OTHER INHIBITORS OF CELL
... requirement for antibacterial activity. • Side chain determines many of the antibacterial and pharmacological characteristics of a particular type of penicillin. ...
... requirement for antibacterial activity. • Side chain determines many of the antibacterial and pharmacological characteristics of a particular type of penicillin. ...
File
... – A kinesin is a tetramer of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. – Each kinesin includes a pair of globular heads (motor domain), connected to a rod-like stalk. – Kinesin is a plus end-directed microtubular motor based on its movement. ...
... – A kinesin is a tetramer of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. – Each kinesin includes a pair of globular heads (motor domain), connected to a rod-like stalk. – Kinesin is a plus end-directed microtubular motor based on its movement. ...
Studies on the Bacterial Component of Soybean Root
... bacteriods were apparently randomly packed into the cytoplasm in the host cells. Remnants of host nuclei were still visible and there were several small vacuoles in the host cytoplasm of bacteroid-containing cells. Electron micrographs of thin sections of similar nodules revealed the bacteroids lyin ...
... bacteriods were apparently randomly packed into the cytoplasm in the host cells. Remnants of host nuclei were still visible and there were several small vacuoles in the host cytoplasm of bacteroid-containing cells. Electron micrographs of thin sections of similar nodules revealed the bacteroids lyin ...
Jeopardy
... Penicillin will diffuse into the cell. The cell will undergo osmotic lysis. The cell will plasmolyze. ANSWER BACK TO GAME ...
... Penicillin will diffuse into the cell. The cell will undergo osmotic lysis. The cell will plasmolyze. ANSWER BACK TO GAME ...
gamete interaction in flowering plants
... gamete recognition and fusion. In vivo imaging of double fertilization and the recent discovery of numerous female-gametophyte-specific expressed genes encoding small secreted proteins, some of whom were found to be essential for the fertilization process, support this hypothesis. Nevertheless, recen ...
... gamete recognition and fusion. In vivo imaging of double fertilization and the recent discovery of numerous female-gametophyte-specific expressed genes encoding small secreted proteins, some of whom were found to be essential for the fertilization process, support this hypothesis. Nevertheless, recen ...
Direct Visualization by Cryo-EM of the Mycobacterial Capsular
... perturbation, all mycobacterial species examined, showed a thick outermost capsule-like layer (Figure 1C to 1F). To our knowledge, this is the first time this layer is visualized in a close to native state surrounding both pathogenic and nonpathogenic mycobacterial species. In comparison, cells grow ...
... perturbation, all mycobacterial species examined, showed a thick outermost capsule-like layer (Figure 1C to 1F). To our knowledge, this is the first time this layer is visualized in a close to native state surrounding both pathogenic and nonpathogenic mycobacterial species. In comparison, cells grow ...
Bacteria-host relationship: ubiquitin ligases as weapons of
... [30]. The interaction between Pseudomonas and its host involves a co-evolution of virulence effectors and the ETI pathway, which in many aspects could be depicted as a type of ‘arms race’. Not surprisingly, bacterial Ub ligase-like effectors are at the heart of this battle. For example, the Pseudomo ...
... [30]. The interaction between Pseudomonas and its host involves a co-evolution of virulence effectors and the ETI pathway, which in many aspects could be depicted as a type of ‘arms race’. Not surprisingly, bacterial Ub ligase-like effectors are at the heart of this battle. For example, the Pseudomo ...
Lesson Overview
... What organelles help make and transport proteins? Proteins are assembled on ribosomes. Proteins made on the rough endoplasmic reticulum include those that will be released, or secreted, from the cell as well as many membrane proteins and proteins destined for lysosomes and other specialized location ...
... What organelles help make and transport proteins? Proteins are assembled on ribosomes. Proteins made on the rough endoplasmic reticulum include those that will be released, or secreted, from the cell as well as many membrane proteins and proteins destined for lysosomes and other specialized location ...
Part 1
... Fungi versus fungi • “fungus” is used inclusively for a heterogenous group of organisms that have traditionally been studied by mycologists • “Fungi” refers to the organisms in the Kingdom Fungi, the true fungi, also called the “Eumycota” ...
... Fungi versus fungi • “fungus” is used inclusively for a heterogenous group of organisms that have traditionally been studied by mycologists • “Fungi” refers to the organisms in the Kingdom Fungi, the true fungi, also called the “Eumycota” ...
Motor protein control of ion flux is an early step in embryonic left
... More recently, it was shown that Hþ and Kþ ion flux functions upstream of the asymmetric expression of the LR gene cascade in directing embryonic situs in both chick and frog embryos.(22) A directly observable, consistently biased, LR-asymmetric ion flux and membrane voltage gradient across the midl ...
... More recently, it was shown that Hþ and Kþ ion flux functions upstream of the asymmetric expression of the LR gene cascade in directing embryonic situs in both chick and frog embryos.(22) A directly observable, consistently biased, LR-asymmetric ion flux and membrane voltage gradient across the midl ...
Flagellum
A flagellum (/fləˈdʒɛləm/; plural: flagella) is a lash-like appendage that protrudes from the cell body of certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The word flagellum in Latin means whip. The primary role of the flagellum is locomotion but it also often has function as a sensory organelle, being sensitive to chemicals and temperatures outside the cell. Flagella are organelles defined by function rather than structure. There are large differences between different types of flagella; the prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella differ greatly in protein composition, structure, and mechanism of propulsion. However, both are used for swimming.An example of a flagellate bacterium is the ulcer-causing Helicobacter pylori, which uses multiple flagella to propel itself through the mucus lining to reach the stomach epithelium. An example of a eukaryotic flagellate cell is the mammalian sperm cell, which uses its flagellum to propel itself through the female reproductive tract. Eukaryotic flagella are structurally identical to eukaryotic cilia, although distinctions are sometimes made according to function and/or length.