autophagy - Botanik in Bonn
... Along with the UPS, helps in protein homeostasis and quality control. It also plays a key part in mobilizing diverse cellular energy and nutrient stores, including carbohydrates, lipids and minerals. Kaur J and Debnath J. 2015. Autophagy at the crossroads of catabolism and anabolism. Nature Reviews ...
... Along with the UPS, helps in protein homeostasis and quality control. It also plays a key part in mobilizing diverse cellular energy and nutrient stores, including carbohydrates, lipids and minerals. Kaur J and Debnath J. 2015. Autophagy at the crossroads of catabolism and anabolism. Nature Reviews ...
The Forces Behind Cell Movement
... the forces that govern the crawling of single cells. It also references several websites with animations and movies, given in footnotes, to clarify the processes described. As a cell moves on a substrate (the extracellular matrix if the cell moves inside an organism or a cover slide if it moves outs ...
... the forces that govern the crawling of single cells. It also references several websites with animations and movies, given in footnotes, to clarify the processes described. As a cell moves on a substrate (the extracellular matrix if the cell moves inside an organism or a cover slide if it moves outs ...
The KASH domain protein MSP-300 plays an essential role
... in microtubule systems have been extensively studied. For instance, a connection between the microtubule organization center (MTOC) and the nucleus mediated by the Klarsicht (Klar) protein has been shown to play a critical role in nuclear migration and positioning during Drosophila photoreceptor cel ...
... in microtubule systems have been extensively studied. For instance, a connection between the microtubule organization center (MTOC) and the nucleus mediated by the Klarsicht (Klar) protein has been shown to play a critical role in nuclear migration and positioning during Drosophila photoreceptor cel ...
Are you really going out with a virus?
... Chlorophyll – a green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae and some bacteria. Chloroplast – the part in plant cells that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food. Cytoplasm – the gel‐like fluid that contains all the cell’s organelles. D ...
... Chlorophyll – a green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae and some bacteria. Chloroplast – the part in plant cells that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food. Cytoplasm – the gel‐like fluid that contains all the cell’s organelles. D ...
Transport
... • Pumps are carrier proteins that require energy to move substances UP their concentration gradient. • The sodium-potassium pump is a carrier protein that actively transports three sodium ions out of the cell and two potassium ions into the cell. – This pump is one of the most important carrier prot ...
... • Pumps are carrier proteins that require energy to move substances UP their concentration gradient. • The sodium-potassium pump is a carrier protein that actively transports three sodium ions out of the cell and two potassium ions into the cell. – This pump is one of the most important carrier prot ...
Living Cells: Structure, Function and Diversity”
... delivers an area of membrane up to the area of the cell every hour. Many algae display a variety of scales. For example, some Pryamimonas (Chap. 15) have six different types of scales (e.g., Pienaar & Aken, 1985) and each type is deployed into a predetermined locality on the surface or on flagella; ...
... delivers an area of membrane up to the area of the cell every hour. Many algae display a variety of scales. For example, some Pryamimonas (Chap. 15) have six different types of scales (e.g., Pienaar & Aken, 1985) and each type is deployed into a predetermined locality on the surface or on flagella; ...
Understanding the cell cycle
... the condition being checked may be very different from the event being blocked; for example, incomplete S phase or DNA damage during G2 both block a very different process, the onset of mitosis. Here, detection mechanisms that feed into a signalling pathway linked to the blocking mechanism must oper ...
... the condition being checked may be very different from the event being blocked; for example, incomplete S phase or DNA damage during G2 both block a very different process, the onset of mitosis. Here, detection mechanisms that feed into a signalling pathway linked to the blocking mechanism must oper ...
Motor protein control of ion flux is an early step in embryonic left
... species,(26) functional LR roles have not been tested in any embryo other than mouse. Asymmetry is initiated by mechanisms not involving cilia (and indeed is present from the first blastomere cleavages) in the chirality of snail embryos(27) and C. elegans.(28) All of the LR-relevant cilia-specific d ...
... species,(26) functional LR roles have not been tested in any embryo other than mouse. Asymmetry is initiated by mechanisms not involving cilia (and indeed is present from the first blastomere cleavages) in the chirality of snail embryos(27) and C. elegans.(28) All of the LR-relevant cilia-specific d ...
root tips - Oxford Academic
... other factors. Using the root pressure probe for measurements of root pressure developed in the root system (Steudle, 2000), evidence is provided for a sudden, steep drop in root pressure in this species within minutes of exposure to chilling temperature. The ultrastructural observations reported he ...
... other factors. Using the root pressure probe for measurements of root pressure developed in the root system (Steudle, 2000), evidence is provided for a sudden, steep drop in root pressure in this species within minutes of exposure to chilling temperature. The ultrastructural observations reported he ...
Plant Cytokinesis - Semantic Scholar
... the formation of a new cell wall between the daughter nuclei from a recently completed mitosis [1]. A cytoskeletal structure called a phragmoplast acts as a scaffold to guide the movement of Golgi-derived vesicles containing cell-wall components to its equator, where fusion of the vesicles initiates ...
... the formation of a new cell wall between the daughter nuclei from a recently completed mitosis [1]. A cytoskeletal structure called a phragmoplast acts as a scaffold to guide the movement of Golgi-derived vesicles containing cell-wall components to its equator, where fusion of the vesicles initiates ...
The Euglena - Hamilton Local Schools
... Euglena are unicellular organisms classified into the Kingdom Protista, and the Phylum Euglenophyta. All euglena have chloroplasts and can make their own food by photosynthesis. They are not completely autotrophic though, euglena can also absorb food from their environment. Euglena usually live in q ...
... Euglena are unicellular organisms classified into the Kingdom Protista, and the Phylum Euglenophyta. All euglena have chloroplasts and can make their own food by photosynthesis. They are not completely autotrophic though, euglena can also absorb food from their environment. Euglena usually live in q ...
Light-Dependent Iron Transport into Isolated Barley Chloroplasts
... covered on all sides with a strip of aluminum foil (3 cm wide), gently pressed it into position to stop the incidence of light. After 4 h of 59Fe(III)-epiHMA absorption, the plants were pressed, dried and autoradiographed. Results showed that without masking, Fe was transported to all plant tissues ...
... covered on all sides with a strip of aluminum foil (3 cm wide), gently pressed it into position to stop the incidence of light. After 4 h of 59Fe(III)-epiHMA absorption, the plants were pressed, dried and autoradiographed. Results showed that without masking, Fe was transported to all plant tissues ...
C D E B A
... ANS: Yes, bacteria cells reproduce mostly asexually but are capable of also reproducing sexually. Most plants reproduce sexually (process that results in seeds) but many reproduce asexually. 4. Name any two characteristics about cancer cells. ANS: Cancer cells divide uncontrollably, divide more quic ...
... ANS: Yes, bacteria cells reproduce mostly asexually but are capable of also reproducing sexually. Most plants reproduce sexually (process that results in seeds) but many reproduce asexually. 4. Name any two characteristics about cancer cells. ANS: Cancer cells divide uncontrollably, divide more quic ...
The-Maze Sarah Moyer and Daniela Lepiz Cell Parts
... •Watch Out – If you touch the wall you must start over •Oh , and by the way you only have 20 seconds to complete this one. Click the Mouse Below to Begin. ...
... •Watch Out – If you touch the wall you must start over •Oh , and by the way you only have 20 seconds to complete this one. Click the Mouse Below to Begin. ...
Cell Project
... All around the cell this thick fluid does go, But in the nucleus it will not flow. And don't forget those ribosomes This is where proteins come from. These protein factories are so small, you'll agree, You need an electron microscope to see. Just when you thought you weren't having any fun, Along co ...
... All around the cell this thick fluid does go, But in the nucleus it will not flow. And don't forget those ribosomes This is where proteins come from. These protein factories are so small, you'll agree, You need an electron microscope to see. Just when you thought you weren't having any fun, Along co ...
Microspectrofluorometry by Digital Image Processing: Measurement
... than that of our microspectrofluorometer, the image processing system allowed us to sum or average incoming video frames (over an area of 128 x 128 Fern'), which resulted in typically 10 to 22 times enhancement in the incoming signalto-noise (S/N) ratio at the expense of data acquisition speed. The ...
... than that of our microspectrofluorometer, the image processing system allowed us to sum or average incoming video frames (over an area of 128 x 128 Fern'), which resulted in typically 10 to 22 times enhancement in the incoming signalto-noise (S/N) ratio at the expense of data acquisition speed. The ...
Tuesday 11/15/05
... DO NOW: What do you think would happen to a fresh water fish if you put it in salt water and explain why you think that HOMEWORK: Text page 183 questions 13 ...
... DO NOW: What do you think would happen to a fresh water fish if you put it in salt water and explain why you think that HOMEWORK: Text page 183 questions 13 ...
cyanobacteria-nostoc and scytonema-2012
... physiologically or structurally complex and possess photosynthetic pigments. As described earlier, the principal pigment of all cyanobacteria is chlorophyll a. In addition, there are b-carotene and other accessory pigments, namely, phycobiliproteins. The phycobiliproteins are phycocyanin (PC), allop ...
... physiologically or structurally complex and possess photosynthetic pigments. As described earlier, the principal pigment of all cyanobacteria is chlorophyll a. In addition, there are b-carotene and other accessory pigments, namely, phycobiliproteins. The phycobiliproteins are phycocyanin (PC), allop ...
Behavior of Plants in Response to Hormones
... again. • The H+ ion is transported by ATPase back into the cell wall, maintaining a voltage difference (or membrane potential) between the cytoplasm and wall ...
... again. • The H+ ion is transported by ATPase back into the cell wall, maintaining a voltage difference (or membrane potential) between the cytoplasm and wall ...
The Cellular Level of Organization
... Primary active transport -- Energy from ATP is used to directly move substances across the membrane by changing the shape of transport (pump) proteins in the membrane. Na+ in the cytosol binds to the pump protein. Remember that Na+ is the major extracellular cation whereas K+ is the major intracellu ...
... Primary active transport -- Energy from ATP is used to directly move substances across the membrane by changing the shape of transport (pump) proteins in the membrane. Na+ in the cytosol binds to the pump protein. Remember that Na+ is the major extracellular cation whereas K+ is the major intracellu ...
Transport Within Cells
... facilitated diffusion, the protein gates help larger and polar molecules across the membrane. ...
... facilitated diffusion, the protein gates help larger and polar molecules across the membrane. ...
Prokaryotic Cell Structure and Function
... incompatibility. The ColE1 multicopy plasmid (~20 copies per cell) replicates by means of an RNA primer, the transcription of which is initiated 555 bp upstream of the oriV, which is cleaved by RN’ase H at the origin generating a free 3’-OH which acts as a primer for replication. Replication is regu ...
... incompatibility. The ColE1 multicopy plasmid (~20 copies per cell) replicates by means of an RNA primer, the transcription of which is initiated 555 bp upstream of the oriV, which is cleaved by RN’ase H at the origin generating a free 3’-OH which acts as a primer for replication. Replication is regu ...
Science and Nature Series Cells
... • Clue 1: Basic unit of all organisms. • Clue 2: Firm, fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane of plants, fungi, most bacteria, and some protists. • Clue 3: Light absorbing pigment in plants and some protists that is required for photosynthesis. • Clue 4: Chlorophyll containing ce ...
... • Clue 1: Basic unit of all organisms. • Clue 2: Firm, fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane of plants, fungi, most bacteria, and some protists. • Clue 3: Light absorbing pigment in plants and some protists that is required for photosynthesis. • Clue 4: Chlorophyll containing ce ...
Cytoplasmic streaming
Cytoplasmic streaming, also called protoplasmic streaming and cyclosis, is the directed flow of cytosol (the liquid component of the cytoplasm) and organelles around large fungal and plant cells through the mediation of actin. This movement aids in the delivery of organelles, nutrients, metabolites, genetic information, and other materials to all parts of the cell. Cytoplasmic streaming occurs along actin filaments in the cytoskeleton of the cell.Cytoplasmic streaming was first discovered in the 1830s. The scientific breakthrough assisted scientists in developing an understanding of the different roles of cells and how they function as the basic operating systems of life.This process occurs through the operation of motor proteins called myosins.These proteins use energy of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to act as a molecular motor, which slides along actin filaments. This works in a manner that tows the organelles and other cytoplasmic contents in the same direction. Myosin proteins consist of two conjoined proteins. If one protein remains attached to the substrate, the substance acted upon by the protein, such as a microfilament, has the ability to move organelles through the cytoplasm.The green alga genus Chara and other genera in the Division Charophyta, such as Coleochaete, are thought to be the closest relatives of land plants. These haploid organisms contain some of the largest plant cells on earth, a single cell of which can reach up to 10 cm in length. The large size of these cells demands an efficient means to distribute resources, which is enabled via cytoplasmic streaming.Cytoplasmic streaming is strongly dependent upon intracellular pH and temperature. It has been observed that the effect of temperature on cytoplasmic streaming created linear variance and dependence at different high temperatures in comparison to low temperatures. This process is complicated, with temperature alterations in the system increasing its efficiency, with other factors such as the transport of ions across the membrane being simultaneously affected. This is due to cells homeostasis depending upon active transport which may be affected at some critical temperatures.In plant cells, chloroplasts may be moved around with the stream, possibly to a position of optimum light absorption for photosynthesis. The rate of motion is usually affected by light exposure, temperature, and pH levels.In reference to pH, because actin and myosin are both proteins, strong dependence on pH is expected. The optimal pH at which cytoplasmic streaming is highest, is achieved at neutral pH and decreases at both low and high pH.The flow of cytoplasm may be stopped by:Adding Lugol's iodine solutionAdding Cytochalasin D (dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide)↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑