Chapter 3
... function: The cell membrane regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell, participates in signal transduction, and helps cells adhere to other cells structure: The basic framework of the cell membrane consists of a double layer of __________________, with fatty acid tails turned _____ ...
... function: The cell membrane regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell, participates in signal transduction, and helps cells adhere to other cells structure: The basic framework of the cell membrane consists of a double layer of __________________, with fatty acid tails turned _____ ...
Microscopy and Cell Structure
... Proton motive force is used to fuel: •Synthesis of ATP (the cell’s energy currency) •Rotation of flagella (motility) •One form of transport ...
... Proton motive force is used to fuel: •Synthesis of ATP (the cell’s energy currency) •Rotation of flagella (motility) •One form of transport ...
Skeletal muscle contraction
... reticulum (SR). Special calcium pumps rapidly pump Ca++ back into the SR, up its concentration gradient; this requires ATP. ...
... reticulum (SR). Special calcium pumps rapidly pump Ca++ back into the SR, up its concentration gradient; this requires ATP. ...
Structures and Functions of Living Things
... endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell. 15. chloroplasts – a structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food. 16. vacuoles – a water-filled save inside a cell that acts as a storag ...
... endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell. 15. chloroplasts – a structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food. 16. vacuoles – a water-filled save inside a cell that acts as a storag ...
a - Rainbow Resource
... various molecules that are dissolved in the cytosol allow the organelles to use them ...
... various molecules that are dissolved in the cytosol allow the organelles to use them ...
Transport across the cell membrane
... Hypotonic: The solution has a HIGHER concentration of water than the concentration of water inside the cell therefore water will GO INTO the cell and the cell increases in size. Isotonic: The solution has an EQUAL concentration compared to the inside of the cell therefore no water would move in or ...
... Hypotonic: The solution has a HIGHER concentration of water than the concentration of water inside the cell therefore water will GO INTO the cell and the cell increases in size. Isotonic: The solution has an EQUAL concentration compared to the inside of the cell therefore no water would move in or ...
Muscle Contraction and Rigor Mortis KEY
... Step 4: The remaining ADP molecule on the myosin head is released in a power stroke when the myosin pulls the actin Step 5: The ADP molecule combines with the phosphate to create ATP, which triggers the release of myosin from actin; the ATP is then broken down into ADP and a phosphate again ...
... Step 4: The remaining ADP molecule on the myosin head is released in a power stroke when the myosin pulls the actin Step 5: The ADP molecule combines with the phosphate to create ATP, which triggers the release of myosin from actin; the ATP is then broken down into ADP and a phosphate again ...
7.2 Cell Structure
... lysosomes: small organelles filled with enzymes that break down large molecules and organelles that are no longer useful the cytoskeleton: a network of protein filaments; it helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in movement centrioles: organelles made from tubulins; they help organize ce ...
... lysosomes: small organelles filled with enzymes that break down large molecules and organelles that are no longer useful the cytoskeleton: a network of protein filaments; it helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in movement centrioles: organelles made from tubulins; they help organize ce ...
A Closer Look at Cell Membranes
... fluid is captured in a vesicle and brought into the cell; not as selective B. Membrane Cycling Exocytosis and endocytosis continually replace and withdraw patches of the plasma membrane New membrane proteins and lipids are made in the ER and modified in Golgi bodies before forming vesicles that fu ...
... fluid is captured in a vesicle and brought into the cell; not as selective B. Membrane Cycling Exocytosis and endocytosis continually replace and withdraw patches of the plasma membrane New membrane proteins and lipids are made in the ER and modified in Golgi bodies before forming vesicles that fu ...
cell city project - Byron High School
... Instructions: o Students may work individually or in groups of up to 3. Each student must be assigned at least 3 organelles but is still responsible for knowing each other’s organelles. o Each group must distinguish their cell as animal or plant and create each of the following. ...
... Instructions: o Students may work individually or in groups of up to 3. Each student must be assigned at least 3 organelles but is still responsible for knowing each other’s organelles. o Each group must distinguish their cell as animal or plant and create each of the following. ...
If Conwell Were a Cell… You will be able to
... Smooth and Rough Endoplasmic Recticulum Ribosomes Cell Wall Chloroplasts 2nd Observe columns 1-3 on your charts. Which organelles jump out at you as easy functions and structures? Are there any organelles you were already familiar with? You may want to review with your group the jobs of each organe ...
... Smooth and Rough Endoplasmic Recticulum Ribosomes Cell Wall Chloroplasts 2nd Observe columns 1-3 on your charts. Which organelles jump out at you as easy functions and structures? Are there any organelles you were already familiar with? You may want to review with your group the jobs of each organe ...
September 26 AP Biology - John D. O`Bryant School of Math & Science
... A) The inner mitochondrial membrane is highly folded. B) The two membranes are biochemically very different. C) The space between the two layers of the nuclear membrane is larger. D) The inner membrane of the mitochondrion is separated out into thylakoids. E) The inner mitochondrial membrane is devo ...
... A) The inner mitochondrial membrane is highly folded. B) The two membranes are biochemically very different. C) The space between the two layers of the nuclear membrane is larger. D) The inner membrane of the mitochondrion is separated out into thylakoids. E) The inner mitochondrial membrane is devo ...
Review Packet #1
... (P) Cell Wall - structure found outside the cell membrane of plant cells. The cell wall is made up mostly of cellulose (polysaccharide), and it provides support for the cell. (A, P) Cytoskeleton - a filamentous network of proteins that are associated with the processes that maintain and change cell ...
... (P) Cell Wall - structure found outside the cell membrane of plant cells. The cell wall is made up mostly of cellulose (polysaccharide), and it provides support for the cell. (A, P) Cytoskeleton - a filamentous network of proteins that are associated with the processes that maintain and change cell ...
Transport Chapter 5 - local.brookings.k12.sd.us
... How do molecules move? All molecules will move automatically from a region of ______ HIGH concentration to a region of ______concentration. LOW ...
... How do molecules move? All molecules will move automatically from a region of ______ HIGH concentration to a region of ______concentration. LOW ...
What is a Cell?
... •I can explain the purpose of cell division • I can explain the purpose of cell growth and repair •I can explain cell reproduction ...
... •I can explain the purpose of cell division • I can explain the purpose of cell growth and repair •I can explain cell reproduction ...
Chapter 3 The Basic Structure of a Cell
... • Breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into smaller molecules that can be reused by the cell • Also breaks down old organelles ...
... • Breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into smaller molecules that can be reused by the cell • Also breaks down old organelles ...
Muscle Microanatomy
... • Heads change conformation and pull the actin filaments across myosin molecule – Discontinuous pulling ...
... • Heads change conformation and pull the actin filaments across myosin molecule – Discontinuous pulling ...
CP-7.4-Diffusion
... • Used for molecules that cannot easily pass through the membrane – Not lipid soluble – Too large – Have a charge ...
... • Used for molecules that cannot easily pass through the membrane – Not lipid soluble – Too large – Have a charge ...
The animal body and how it moves Chapter 42
... To shorten – must overcome existing forces (gravity) ...
... To shorten – must overcome existing forces (gravity) ...
Cell Membrane Tutorial
... 3. What types of molecules need more help to get through the cell membrane? What helps them get through? ...
... 3. What types of molecules need more help to get through the cell membrane? What helps them get through? ...
The Cell Membrane is a Fluid Mosaic
... different ends: a head and a tail. The head end contains a phosphate group and is hydrophilic. This means that is likes or is attracted to water molecules. The tail end is made up of two strings of hydrogen and carbon atoms called fatty acid chains. These chains are hydrophobic or do not like to min ...
... different ends: a head and a tail. The head end contains a phosphate group and is hydrophilic. This means that is likes or is attracted to water molecules. The tail end is made up of two strings of hydrogen and carbon atoms called fatty acid chains. These chains are hydrophobic or do not like to min ...
Quiz: Cell Organelles and Their Functions
... 14. Put the level of organization in order from smallest to largest. a. cells, organs, tissues, and organ systems b. organ system, organs, tissues, and cells c. organs, tissues, cells, and organ system d. cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems ...
... 14. Put the level of organization in order from smallest to largest. a. cells, organs, tissues, and organ systems b. organ system, organs, tissues, and cells c. organs, tissues, cells, and organ system d. cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems ...
Lecture The Plant Cell and Physiological Processes
... chronic toxicity implies slow acting a few days or longer; visual symptoms may be observed several hours after after application but death is slow translocation is long distance; sometimes refereed to as systemic herbicides; biological function is embedded in molecular structure 3Herbicide must get ...
... chronic toxicity implies slow acting a few days or longer; visual symptoms may be observed several hours after after application but death is slow translocation is long distance; sometimes refereed to as systemic herbicides; biological function is embedded in molecular structure 3Herbicide must get ...
Cytoplasmic streaming
Cytoplasmic streaming, also called protoplasmic streaming and cyclosis, is the directed flow of cytosol (the liquid component of the cytoplasm) and organelles around large fungal and plant cells through the mediation of actin. This movement aids in the delivery of organelles, nutrients, metabolites, genetic information, and other materials to all parts of the cell. Cytoplasmic streaming occurs along actin filaments in the cytoskeleton of the cell.Cytoplasmic streaming was first discovered in the 1830s. The scientific breakthrough assisted scientists in developing an understanding of the different roles of cells and how they function as the basic operating systems of life.This process occurs through the operation of motor proteins called myosins.These proteins use energy of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to act as a molecular motor, which slides along actin filaments. This works in a manner that tows the organelles and other cytoplasmic contents in the same direction. Myosin proteins consist of two conjoined proteins. If one protein remains attached to the substrate, the substance acted upon by the protein, such as a microfilament, has the ability to move organelles through the cytoplasm.The green alga genus Chara and other genera in the Division Charophyta, such as Coleochaete, are thought to be the closest relatives of land plants. These haploid organisms contain some of the largest plant cells on earth, a single cell of which can reach up to 10 cm in length. The large size of these cells demands an efficient means to distribute resources, which is enabled via cytoplasmic streaming.Cytoplasmic streaming is strongly dependent upon intracellular pH and temperature. It has been observed that the effect of temperature on cytoplasmic streaming created linear variance and dependence at different high temperatures in comparison to low temperatures. This process is complicated, with temperature alterations in the system increasing its efficiency, with other factors such as the transport of ions across the membrane being simultaneously affected. This is due to cells homeostasis depending upon active transport which may be affected at some critical temperatures.In plant cells, chloroplasts may be moved around with the stream, possibly to a position of optimum light absorption for photosynthesis. The rate of motion is usually affected by light exposure, temperature, and pH levels.In reference to pH, because actin and myosin are both proteins, strong dependence on pH is expected. The optimal pH at which cytoplasmic streaming is highest, is achieved at neutral pH and decreases at both low and high pH.The flow of cytoplasm may be stopped by:Adding Lugol's iodine solutionAdding Cytochalasin D (dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide)↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑