Cells
... The basic problem is surface-to-volume ratio. All food and oxygen has to come in through the cell’s surface. As size increases, you get less surface area to support a given volume of cell contents. For example, if the cell’s diameter increases: 1-2-3-4-5, its surface area increases 1-4-9-16-25, and ...
... The basic problem is surface-to-volume ratio. All food and oxygen has to come in through the cell’s surface. As size increases, you get less surface area to support a given volume of cell contents. For example, if the cell’s diameter increases: 1-2-3-4-5, its surface area increases 1-4-9-16-25, and ...
Cells - NIU Department of Biological Sciences
... The basic problem is surface-to-volume ratio. All food and oxygen has to come in through the cell’s surface. As size increases, you get less surface area to support a given volume of cell contents. For example, if the cell’s diameter increases: 1-2-3-4-5, its surface area increases 1-4-9-16-25, and ...
... The basic problem is surface-to-volume ratio. All food and oxygen has to come in through the cell’s surface. As size increases, you get less surface area to support a given volume of cell contents. For example, if the cell’s diameter increases: 1-2-3-4-5, its surface area increases 1-4-9-16-25, and ...
Cell Organelles - Biology with Mrs. Begert
... make energy + sugar from sunlight photosynthesis sunlight + CO2 ATP & sugar ATP = active energy sugar = stored energy ...
... make energy + sugar from sunlight photosynthesis sunlight + CO2 ATP & sugar ATP = active energy sugar = stored energy ...
Membrane PPT
... Result: Water moves from the solution to inside the cell): Cell Swells and bursts open (cytolysis)! ...
... Result: Water moves from the solution to inside the cell): Cell Swells and bursts open (cytolysis)! ...
Membrane Notes
... •Bacteria and plants have cell walls that prevent them from over-expanding. In plants the pressure exerted on the cell wall is called tugor pressure. •A protist like paramecium has contractile vacuoles that collect water flowing in and pump it out to prevent them from over-expanding. •Salt water fis ...
... •Bacteria and plants have cell walls that prevent them from over-expanding. In plants the pressure exerted on the cell wall is called tugor pressure. •A protist like paramecium has contractile vacuoles that collect water flowing in and pump it out to prevent them from over-expanding. •Salt water fis ...
Cells In Their Environment
... • Diffusion always occurs down a concentration gradient. • A concentration gradient is the difference between the concentration of a particular molecule in one area and its concentration in an adjacent area. • When molecules have been dispersed evenly, there is no concentration gradient, an equilibr ...
... • Diffusion always occurs down a concentration gradient. • A concentration gradient is the difference between the concentration of a particular molecule in one area and its concentration in an adjacent area. • When molecules have been dispersed evenly, there is no concentration gradient, an equilibr ...
Cellular Transport Review
... __HYPER____tonic means there is a GREATER concentration of solute molecules OUTSIDE the cell than inside. __HYPO____ tonic means there is a LOWER concentration of solute molecules OUTSIDE the cell than inside. __ISO_____tonic means there is the SAME concentration of solute molecules outside the cell ...
... __HYPER____tonic means there is a GREATER concentration of solute molecules OUTSIDE the cell than inside. __HYPO____ tonic means there is a LOWER concentration of solute molecules OUTSIDE the cell than inside. __ISO_____tonic means there is the SAME concentration of solute molecules outside the cell ...
Plant Glycans
... Plant Glycosyltransferases and Glycosidases Almost 800 glycosyltransferase and glycosidase-related genes have been found in the Arabidopsis genome. Comprises > 3.3% of its genes. By contrast, human genome has about 350 glycosyltransferase and glycosidase-related genes. ...
... Plant Glycosyltransferases and Glycosidases Almost 800 glycosyltransferase and glycosidase-related genes have been found in the Arabidopsis genome. Comprises > 3.3% of its genes. By contrast, human genome has about 350 glycosyltransferase and glycosidase-related genes. ...
Special Components of Gram
... allows oxygen and nutrients to enter the cell while keeping toxins and waste products out. The plasma membrane is a double phospholipid membrane, or a lipid bilayer, with the nonpolar hydrophobic tails pointing toward the inside of the membrane and the polar hydrophilic heads forming the inner and o ...
... allows oxygen and nutrients to enter the cell while keeping toxins and waste products out. The plasma membrane is a double phospholipid membrane, or a lipid bilayer, with the nonpolar hydrophobic tails pointing toward the inside of the membrane and the polar hydrophilic heads forming the inner and o ...
How do you think materials move in and out of the cell?
... move between the phospholipids. • Some materials move through the proteins. ...
... move between the phospholipids. • Some materials move through the proteins. ...
Cell Structure pdf
... 130,000 revolutions per minute and apply forces more than 1 million times gravity (1,000,000 g). • Fractionation begins with homogenization, gently disrupting the cell. • Then, the homogenate is spun in a centrifuge to separate heavier pieces into the pellet while lighter particles remain in the sup ...
... 130,000 revolutions per minute and apply forces more than 1 million times gravity (1,000,000 g). • Fractionation begins with homogenization, gently disrupting the cell. • Then, the homogenate is spun in a centrifuge to separate heavier pieces into the pellet while lighter particles remain in the sup ...
Incredible Cell Project - Streetsboro City Schools
... OPTION ONE: 3D Model of a Plant or Animal Cell Make a three dimensional model of a plant or animal cell. Identify the type of cell (plant or animal). Include all of the appropriate organelles (11 for plant cells, 9 for animal cells) as listed in your organizer and label each directly on the model. W ...
... OPTION ONE: 3D Model of a Plant or Animal Cell Make a three dimensional model of a plant or animal cell. Identify the type of cell (plant or animal). Include all of the appropriate organelles (11 for plant cells, 9 for animal cells) as listed in your organizer and label each directly on the model. W ...
Chap 7 ?`s
... 13. Which of the following statements correctly describes the normal tonicity conditions for typical plant and animal cells? A. The animal cell is in a hypotonic solution, and the plant cell is in an isotonic solution. B. The animal cell is in an isotonic solution, and the plant cell is in a hyperto ...
... 13. Which of the following statements correctly describes the normal tonicity conditions for typical plant and animal cells? A. The animal cell is in a hypotonic solution, and the plant cell is in an isotonic solution. B. The animal cell is in an isotonic solution, and the plant cell is in a hyperto ...
Two Basic Cell Types: Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
... Circular DNA that is found in the cytoplasm No organelles found in the cytoplasm Surrounded by a cell wall ...
... Circular DNA that is found in the cytoplasm No organelles found in the cytoplasm Surrounded by a cell wall ...
102Chapter 04 - Plasma Membrane
... Gradient = Difference between two regions of space such that molecules move from one region to the other ...
... Gradient = Difference between two regions of space such that molecules move from one region to the other ...
Two Basic Cell Types: Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
... Circular DNA that is found in the cytoplasm No organelles found in the cytoplasm Surrounded by a cell wall ...
... Circular DNA that is found in the cytoplasm No organelles found in the cytoplasm Surrounded by a cell wall ...
virtual osmosis lab - OHS General Biology
... A solution is isotonic to the inside of the cell when there is the same concentration of water molecules on the inside and outside of the cell membrane. To maintain equilibrium, water molecules move into and out of the cell at the same rate. Suppose a living cell is placed in a solution that has a h ...
... A solution is isotonic to the inside of the cell when there is the same concentration of water molecules on the inside and outside of the cell membrane. To maintain equilibrium, water molecules move into and out of the cell at the same rate. Suppose a living cell is placed in a solution that has a h ...
Protista II
... • Origins in simpler colonial forms – Volvox • Cellular specialization and Division of labor • Escape cell size limitations – Membrane area to cytoplasm volume ratio ...
... • Origins in simpler colonial forms – Volvox • Cellular specialization and Division of labor • Escape cell size limitations – Membrane area to cytoplasm volume ratio ...
AP Biology Ch. 6 Cells
... In animal cells, microtubules grow out from a centrosome which is located near the nucleus. Within the centrosome is a pair of centrioles, ...
... In animal cells, microtubules grow out from a centrosome which is located near the nucleus. Within the centrosome is a pair of centrioles, ...
Cell Organelles Graphic Organizer - Liberty Union High School District
... Name:__________________________ Per:________ Date:_________ ...
... Name:__________________________ Per:________ Date:_________ ...
Homework
... The ribosomes are small grain-like bodies made mostly of RNA and are produced in the nucleus. The ribosomes make or construct proteins for the cell. What does the ribosome resemble in the Cell Country? ...
... The ribosomes are small grain-like bodies made mostly of RNA and are produced in the nucleus. The ribosomes make or construct proteins for the cell. What does the ribosome resemble in the Cell Country? ...
CH 4 Notes - Haiku Learning
... but most are only visible with a microscope 1. Most plant and animal cells are 10-50m (.002 in) in diameter and some bacteria cells are 0.2m (0.000008 in) 2. Cells are limited in size by the ratio between their outer surface area and their volume 3. If the cell grows larger, at some point its surf ...
... but most are only visible with a microscope 1. Most plant and animal cells are 10-50m (.002 in) in diameter and some bacteria cells are 0.2m (0.000008 in) 2. Cells are limited in size by the ratio between their outer surface area and their volume 3. If the cell grows larger, at some point its surf ...
Plant Cells and Tissues
... – Central vacuole that stores water – Chloroplasts that perform photosynthesis ...
... – Central vacuole that stores water – Chloroplasts that perform photosynthesis ...
Plasma Membrane - Westgate Mennonite Collegiate
... The opposite of endocytosis is exocytosis. Large molecules that are manufactured in the cell are released through the cell membrane. ...
... The opposite of endocytosis is exocytosis. Large molecules that are manufactured in the cell are released through the cell membrane. ...
Intro - Ece.umd.edu - University of Maryland
... -the cell _________ due to water ________ c. In a hypotonic solution…………. -the cell ________ due to water ________ ...
... -the cell _________ due to water ________ c. In a hypotonic solution…………. -the cell ________ due to water ________ ...
Cytoplasmic streaming
Cytoplasmic streaming, also called protoplasmic streaming and cyclosis, is the directed flow of cytosol (the liquid component of the cytoplasm) and organelles around large fungal and plant cells through the mediation of actin. This movement aids in the delivery of organelles, nutrients, metabolites, genetic information, and other materials to all parts of the cell. Cytoplasmic streaming occurs along actin filaments in the cytoskeleton of the cell.Cytoplasmic streaming was first discovered in the 1830s. The scientific breakthrough assisted scientists in developing an understanding of the different roles of cells and how they function as the basic operating systems of life.This process occurs through the operation of motor proteins called myosins.These proteins use energy of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to act as a molecular motor, which slides along actin filaments. This works in a manner that tows the organelles and other cytoplasmic contents in the same direction. Myosin proteins consist of two conjoined proteins. If one protein remains attached to the substrate, the substance acted upon by the protein, such as a microfilament, has the ability to move organelles through the cytoplasm.The green alga genus Chara and other genera in the Division Charophyta, such as Coleochaete, are thought to be the closest relatives of land plants. These haploid organisms contain some of the largest plant cells on earth, a single cell of which can reach up to 10 cm in length. The large size of these cells demands an efficient means to distribute resources, which is enabled via cytoplasmic streaming.Cytoplasmic streaming is strongly dependent upon intracellular pH and temperature. It has been observed that the effect of temperature on cytoplasmic streaming created linear variance and dependence at different high temperatures in comparison to low temperatures. This process is complicated, with temperature alterations in the system increasing its efficiency, with other factors such as the transport of ions across the membrane being simultaneously affected. This is due to cells homeostasis depending upon active transport which may be affected at some critical temperatures.In plant cells, chloroplasts may be moved around with the stream, possibly to a position of optimum light absorption for photosynthesis. The rate of motion is usually affected by light exposure, temperature, and pH levels.In reference to pH, because actin and myosin are both proteins, strong dependence on pH is expected. The optimal pH at which cytoplasmic streaming is highest, is achieved at neutral pH and decreases at both low and high pH.The flow of cytoplasm may be stopped by:Adding Lugol's iodine solutionAdding Cytochalasin D (dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide)↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑