TSO1 functions in cell division during Arabidopsis flower development
... discernible defects (Fig. 2I). However, tso1-1 late inflorescence meristems sometimes fasciate, resulting in enlarged stems, increased numbers of flowers, and abnormal phyllotaxy (Figs 1E,G, 2F). In contrast to the wild-type inflorescence meristem (Fig. 2C), the tso1-1 primary inflorescence meristem ...
... discernible defects (Fig. 2I). However, tso1-1 late inflorescence meristems sometimes fasciate, resulting in enlarged stems, increased numbers of flowers, and abnormal phyllotaxy (Figs 1E,G, 2F). In contrast to the wild-type inflorescence meristem (Fig. 2C), the tso1-1 primary inflorescence meristem ...
Evolution and Diversity of Plant Cell Walls: From Algae to Flowering
... Both the Archaeplastida and brown algae share two distinctive features: the presence of a complex, dynamic, carbohydrate-rich cell wall, which, to some extent, is dependent on the second feature, the ability to photosynthesize. Stebbins (125) suggested the “adaptive importance of cell wall different ...
... Both the Archaeplastida and brown algae share two distinctive features: the presence of a complex, dynamic, carbohydrate-rich cell wall, which, to some extent, is dependent on the second feature, the ability to photosynthesize. Stebbins (125) suggested the “adaptive importance of cell wall different ...
Populus endobetamannanase PtrMAN6 plays a role in coordinating
... reported to function as extracellular signaling molecules that regulate TE differentiation. Oligosaccharides (Roberts et al., 1997) and sulphated pentapeptides (PSK-a; Matsubayashi et al., 1999) promoted TE differentiation in a zinnia (Zinnia elegans L.) culture system. Moreover, xylogen, a proteogl ...
... reported to function as extracellular signaling molecules that regulate TE differentiation. Oligosaccharides (Roberts et al., 1997) and sulphated pentapeptides (PSK-a; Matsubayashi et al., 1999) promoted TE differentiation in a zinnia (Zinnia elegans L.) culture system. Moreover, xylogen, a proteogl ...
Galluzzi et al., 2007. Cell Death and Differentition 14:1237-1266
... ongoing conundrum, however, in which cases ‘autophagic cell death’ is truly mediated through autophagy (meaning that inhibition of autophagy would abolish cell death) and in which cases it simply occurs with autophagy (meaning that inhibition of autophagy would only affect the morphology of the proc ...
... ongoing conundrum, however, in which cases ‘autophagic cell death’ is truly mediated through autophagy (meaning that inhibition of autophagy would abolish cell death) and in which cases it simply occurs with autophagy (meaning that inhibition of autophagy would only affect the morphology of the proc ...
Diatom cell division in an environmental context
... somewhat distorted because the organisms most intensively studied represent only two subgroups within the extensive eukaryotic crown groups [2]. It is therefore unclear how universal the described mechanisms of cell division will be throughout other eukaryotic groups. Diatoms, for example, are part ...
... somewhat distorted because the organisms most intensively studied represent only two subgroups within the extensive eukaryotic crown groups [2]. It is therefore unclear how universal the described mechanisms of cell division will be throughout other eukaryotic groups. Diatoms, for example, are part ...
Evolution and Diversity of Plant Cell Walls: From Algae to Flowering
... Both the Archaeplastida and brown algae share two distinctive features: the presence of a complex, dynamic, carbohydrate-rich cell wall, which, to some extent, is dependent on the second feature, the ability to photosynthesize. Stebbins (125) suggested the “adaptive importance of cell wall different ...
... Both the Archaeplastida and brown algae share two distinctive features: the presence of a complex, dynamic, carbohydrate-rich cell wall, which, to some extent, is dependent on the second feature, the ability to photosynthesize. Stebbins (125) suggested the “adaptive importance of cell wall different ...
The plant cytoskeleton - The Company of Biologists
... (Roelofsen & Houwink, 1953), which holds that axial fibrils should only occur in the outer wall layers as a result of originally transverse inner layers being re-aligned by cell extension. One alternative explanation is that some of the primary wall texture is generated by the advancing tip. It is t ...
... (Roelofsen & Houwink, 1953), which holds that axial fibrils should only occur in the outer wall layers as a result of originally transverse inner layers being re-aligned by cell extension. One alternative explanation is that some of the primary wall texture is generated by the advancing tip. It is t ...
File
... composed of two sets of heavy chain and four sets of light chains. Myosin II polymers form bipolar filaments that interact with actin stress fibers. Myosin II molecular motors generate cellular tension, thus detaching the cell from a substrate. Protrusive forces cause cell spreading maximizing conta ...
... composed of two sets of heavy chain and four sets of light chains. Myosin II polymers form bipolar filaments that interact with actin stress fibers. Myosin II molecular motors generate cellular tension, thus detaching the cell from a substrate. Protrusive forces cause cell spreading maximizing conta ...
Structure and Function of Plant Cell Wall Proteins
... Plant cell walls are amazingly complex amalgams of carbohydrates, proteins, lignin, water, and incrusting substances such as cutin, suberin, and certain inorganic compounds that vary among plant species, cell types, and even neighboring cells. Developmental events and exposure to any of a number of ...
... Plant cell walls are amazingly complex amalgams of carbohydrates, proteins, lignin, water, and incrusting substances such as cutin, suberin, and certain inorganic compounds that vary among plant species, cell types, and even neighboring cells. Developmental events and exposure to any of a number of ...
Identification of a Cell Cycle-Related Cene, Cyclin, in Nicotiana
... The 1656-bp fragment isolated from a tobacco cell-suspension cDNA library has been identified as a cyclin cDNA with respect to its sequence similarity with other yeast, animal, and plant cyclins yet characterized. This cDNA sequence, named NTCYCl, contains an open reading frame encoding a protein of ...
... The 1656-bp fragment isolated from a tobacco cell-suspension cDNA library has been identified as a cyclin cDNA with respect to its sequence similarity with other yeast, animal, and plant cyclins yet characterized. This cDNA sequence, named NTCYCl, contains an open reading frame encoding a protein of ...
The role of vacuole in plant cell death
... collapse, and DNA fragmentation. Although VPE deficiency prevents these typical characteristics, it does not interfere with the production of defense proteins (PR proteins).23 This means that the process of vacuole-mediated cell death is independent of defense-protein production. Considering that VP ...
... collapse, and DNA fragmentation. Although VPE deficiency prevents these typical characteristics, it does not interfere with the production of defense proteins (PR proteins).23 This means that the process of vacuole-mediated cell death is independent of defense-protein production. Considering that VP ...
Molecular Analysis of a Family of Arabidopsis
... localization studies of several GATL proteins using yellow fluorescent protein tagging provide evidence supporting the Golgi localization of these proteins. Plants carrying T-DNA insertions in three AtGATL genes (atgatl3, atgatl6, and atgatl9) have reduced amounts of GalA in their stem cell walls. T ...
... localization studies of several GATL proteins using yellow fluorescent protein tagging provide evidence supporting the Golgi localization of these proteins. Plants carrying T-DNA insertions in three AtGATL genes (atgatl3, atgatl6, and atgatl9) have reduced amounts of GalA in their stem cell walls. T ...
Patterns of Soybean Proline-Rich Protein Gene
... (SbPRP) gene family by analyzing various organs at different stages of development. Collectively, the distinct patterns of regulation and localization of cell wall proteins and their mRNAs indicate that they may play important roles in the development, structure, and function of the cell walls of pa ...
... (SbPRP) gene family by analyzing various organs at different stages of development. Collectively, the distinct patterns of regulation and localization of cell wall proteins and their mRNAs indicate that they may play important roles in the development, structure, and function of the cell walls of pa ...
Patterns of Soybean Proline-Rich Protein Gene
... (SbPRP) gene family by analyzing various organs at different stages of development. Collectively, the distinct patterns of regulation and localization of cell wall proteins and their mRNAs indicate that they may play important roles in the development, structure, and function of the cell walls of pa ...
... (SbPRP) gene family by analyzing various organs at different stages of development. Collectively, the distinct patterns of regulation and localization of cell wall proteins and their mRNAs indicate that they may play important roles in the development, structure, and function of the cell walls of pa ...
chapter_3_plant_kingdom
... Dryopterisis a common fern with pinnately-compound leaves. The main plant-body is sporophytic. Many sporangia are borne on the lower surfaces of its mature leaves. Each sporangium has spore mother cells which undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores. On maturing, these spores dehisce and germinate ...
... Dryopterisis a common fern with pinnately-compound leaves. The main plant-body is sporophytic. Many sporangia are borne on the lower surfaces of its mature leaves. Each sporangium has spore mother cells which undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores. On maturing, these spores dehisce and germinate ...
AtCSLA7, a Cellulose Synthase-Like Putative
... likely to be required for synthesis of a cell wall polysaccharide found throughout the plant. Our results suggest that this polysaccharide is essential for cell wall structure or for signaling during plant embryo development. ...
... likely to be required for synthesis of a cell wall polysaccharide found throughout the plant. Our results suggest that this polysaccharide is essential for cell wall structure or for signaling during plant embryo development. ...
Secretion of type II extracellular cell wall degrading
... The quantity of sugar released was calculated from the standard curve prepared using glucose (100-1000mg/ml). The cellulase, polygalacturonase, xylanase and invertase activities were expressed as mg sugar released/mg protein. The assay was performed in triplicates for each enzyme extract and mean va ...
... The quantity of sugar released was calculated from the standard curve prepared using glucose (100-1000mg/ml). The cellulase, polygalacturonase, xylanase and invertase activities were expressed as mg sugar released/mg protein. The assay was performed in triplicates for each enzyme extract and mean va ...
Cell Membranes
... What is active transport? Active transport is the movement of a substance against its concentration gradient. (From low to high concentration) What does active transport require? Active transport requires ATP for energy. Is active transport used when a particle wants Active transport occurs against ...
... What is active transport? Active transport is the movement of a substance against its concentration gradient. (From low to high concentration) What does active transport require? Active transport requires ATP for energy. Is active transport used when a particle wants Active transport occurs against ...
Figure 1 - Journal of The Royal Society Interface
... a matrix of hemicellulose and either pectin or lignin. The cellular structure of plants varies too, from the largely honeycomb-like cells of wood to the closed-cell, liquid-filled foam-like parenchyma cells of apples and potatoes and to composites of these two cellular structures, as in arborescent p ...
... a matrix of hemicellulose and either pectin or lignin. The cellular structure of plants varies too, from the largely honeycomb-like cells of wood to the closed-cell, liquid-filled foam-like parenchyma cells of apples and potatoes and to composites of these two cellular structures, as in arborescent p ...
changes in the ultrastructure of capsicum annuum l. seedlings roots
... numerous disorders in the cell ultrastructure of roots of red pepper cv. `Trapez`. These changes prove the high sensitivity of the studied cultivar to aluminum toxicity, which is confirmed by earlier results obtained by K o n a r s k a (2004a) relating to the index of tolerance (IT) for the root sys ...
... numerous disorders in the cell ultrastructure of roots of red pepper cv. `Trapez`. These changes prove the high sensitivity of the studied cultivar to aluminum toxicity, which is confirmed by earlier results obtained by K o n a r s k a (2004a) relating to the index of tolerance (IT) for the root sys ...
Cytoskeleton-Plasma Membrane-Cell Wall
... František Baluška*, Jozef Šamaj, Przemyslaw Wojtaszek, Dieter Volkmann, and Diedrik Menzel Institute of Botany, Department of Plant Cell Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (F.B., J.Š., P.W., D.V., D.M.); Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, S ...
... František Baluška*, Jozef Šamaj, Przemyslaw Wojtaszek, Dieter Volkmann, and Diedrik Menzel Institute of Botany, Department of Plant Cell Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (F.B., J.Š., P.W., D.V., D.M.); Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, S ...
BiochemicalSociety A nnualSymposium No.77
... FFP expressed in drp1A and -1C null mutants show localization of DRP1A, -1C and -1E to the forming cell plates, consistent with the requirement for DRP1s in cytokinesis [2,4–8,50,51] (Figure 4). Both DRP1A and DRP1C are both very early and late markers of cell plate initiation and maturation. During ...
... FFP expressed in drp1A and -1C null mutants show localization of DRP1A, -1C and -1E to the forming cell plates, consistent with the requirement for DRP1s in cytokinesis [2,4–8,50,51] (Figure 4). Both DRP1A and DRP1C are both very early and late markers of cell plate initiation and maturation. During ...
The cortical cytoskeletal network and cell-wall
... barrier to pathogens and to breaching of the cell membrane as well as providing for cell – cell adhesion and a pathway for the movement of solutes. It also provides the tensile strength necessary to support the high internal hydrostatic pressures typical of plant cells (Kroeger et al., 2011). Develo ...
... barrier to pathogens and to breaching of the cell membrane as well as providing for cell – cell adhesion and a pathway for the movement of solutes. It also provides the tensile strength necessary to support the high internal hydrostatic pressures typical of plant cells (Kroeger et al., 2011). Develo ...
Heat stress induces different forms of cell death in sea
... A total of 35 069 cells were scored, and the frequency of cells with apoptosis-like and necrosis-like morphology indicated that both PCD and necrosis increased in anemones as a function of temperature and time (Figure 4). At control temperatures, a low underlying rate of apoptosis-like cell death wa ...
... A total of 35 069 cells were scored, and the frequency of cells with apoptosis-like and necrosis-like morphology indicated that both PCD and necrosis increased in anemones as a function of temperature and time (Figure 4). At control temperatures, a low underlying rate of apoptosis-like cell death wa ...
Diagnostic-Microbiology-4th-Edition
... a. The hydrophobic tails of the phospholipid molecules are found there. b. The hydrophilic tails of the phospholipid molecules are found there. c. The ion channels are found there. d. The cholesterol molecules in the plasma membrane are found solely in the interior of the membrane. ANS: A The plasma ...
... a. The hydrophobic tails of the phospholipid molecules are found there. b. The hydrophilic tails of the phospholipid molecules are found there. c. The ion channels are found there. d. The cholesterol molecules in the plasma membrane are found solely in the interior of the membrane. ANS: A The plasma ...
Cell wall
The cell wall is a tough, flexible and sometimes rigid layer that surrounds some types of cells. It surrounds the cell membrane and provides these cells with structural support and protection. In addition, the cell wall acts as a filtering mechanism. A major function of the cell wall is to act as a pressure vessel, preventing over-expansion when water enters the cell. Cell walls are found in plants, fungi and prokaryotic cells but not in mycoplasmas.The composition of the cell wall varies between species and may depend on cell type and developmental stage. The primary cell wall of land plants is composed of the polysaccharides cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. In bacteria, peptidoglycan forms the cell wall. Archaean cell walls have various compositions, and may be formed of glycoprotein S-layers, pseudopeptidoglycan, or polysaccharides. Fungi possess cell walls made of the glucosamine polymer chitin, and algae typically possess walls made of glycoproteins and polysaccharides. Unusually, diatoms have a cell wall composed of biogenic silica. Often, other accessory molecules are found anchored to the cell wall.