Inferring fault strength from earthquake rupture properties and the tectonic
... strength of the lithosphere, and frictional heating all fundamentally depend on the strength of faults. Fault strength is defined here in terms of the shear stress necessary to initiate frictional sliding (τ f ), and is related to the effective confining stress by τ f = µs σe = µs (σn − Pp ); where ...
... strength of the lithosphere, and frictional heating all fundamentally depend on the strength of faults. Fault strength is defined here in terms of the shear stress necessary to initiate frictional sliding (τ f ), and is related to the effective confining stress by τ f = µs σe = µs (σn − Pp ); where ...
Full Scale Dynamic Behaviour of a RC-building under low to
... Since the 30s, earthquake engineers have recorded and studied the ambient vibrations of buildings (Carder, 1936). They were especially interested in the resonance frequencies for design code and engineering purposes (e.g. Housner and Brady, 1963). In the 60s and 70s, new forcing methods (explosion, ...
... Since the 30s, earthquake engineers have recorded and studied the ambient vibrations of buildings (Carder, 1936). They were especially interested in the resonance frequencies for design code and engineering purposes (e.g. Housner and Brady, 1963). In the 60s and 70s, new forcing methods (explosion, ...
What can the marine record tell us about tsunamis
... literature, however these types of deposits remain to some extent in the realm of speculation. Earthquake related turbidites have now been found in forearc basins, sounds, and fjords in Cascadia, so there is reason to believe they will be found elsewhere as well. The few reports of tsunami backwash ...
... literature, however these types of deposits remain to some extent in the realm of speculation. Earthquake related turbidites have now been found in forearc basins, sounds, and fjords in Cascadia, so there is reason to believe they will be found elsewhere as well. The few reports of tsunami backwash ...
? AN EVALUATION OF CHINESE ANNUAL
... make decisions on mitigation actions. Details of Chinese earthquake predictions can be found in Mei et al. (1993) and SSB (1996). Chinese earthquake predictions are usually made in progressive steps of long-term. medium-term, and short-term (or imminent) predictions. Typical medium-term predictions ...
... make decisions on mitigation actions. Details of Chinese earthquake predictions can be found in Mei et al. (1993) and SSB (1996). Chinese earthquake predictions are usually made in progressive steps of long-term. medium-term, and short-term (or imminent) predictions. Typical medium-term predictions ...
Texte intégral View
... water supply and protects the country from high magnitude flood events. Lake Aswan now extends over 350 km upstream along the Nile River in Egypt and 150 km in Sudan. Consequently, an earthquake event damaging the dam could pose a severe threat to the economic and social well being of the downstream ...
... water supply and protects the country from high magnitude flood events. Lake Aswan now extends over 350 km upstream along the Nile River in Egypt and 150 km in Sudan. Consequently, an earthquake event damaging the dam could pose a severe threat to the economic and social well being of the downstream ...
A Teacher / Instruction Guide
... approximately magnitude > 2. This catalog is openly available in a variety of searchable formats from this link: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/epic/ The first step in the activity is to create a small dataset from the USGS catalog by searching in a short time window and small are ...
... approximately magnitude > 2. This catalog is openly available in a variety of searchable formats from this link: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/epic/ The first step in the activity is to create a small dataset from the USGS catalog by searching in a short time window and small are ...
OBSERVED BEHAVIOR OF SEISMICALLY ISOLATED BUILDINGS
... Displacements recorded at the roof, basement level (above isolators), and foundation level (below isolators) during the two earthquakes are shown in the first to third frames of Figs. 1(a and b). The relative displacement across the isolators is plotted in frame four. The Whittier earthquake produce ...
... Displacements recorded at the roof, basement level (above isolators), and foundation level (below isolators) during the two earthquakes are shown in the first to third frames of Figs. 1(a and b). The relative displacement across the isolators is plotted in frame four. The Whittier earthquake produce ...
The Advanced Component Method
... was funded by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). ATC-13 essentially derived damage functions by asking experts–noted structural engineers, builders and the like–to estimate the expected percentage of damage that would result to a typical building of a specific construction type were tha ...
... was funded by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). ATC-13 essentially derived damage functions by asking experts–noted structural engineers, builders and the like–to estimate the expected percentage of damage that would result to a typical building of a specific construction type were tha ...
Electric field and infrared radiation in the troposphere
... electric field by earthquakes have been observed for thousands of years before strong seismic events (Derr, 1973; Fidani, 2010; Grigoriev et al., 1988; Hedervari and Noszticzius, 1985; Sobolev and Demin, 1980). But luminous phenomena before earthquakes occur rather seldom. According to historical so ...
... electric field by earthquakes have been observed for thousands of years before strong seismic events (Derr, 1973; Fidani, 2010; Grigoriev et al., 1988; Hedervari and Noszticzius, 1985; Sobolev and Demin, 1980). But luminous phenomena before earthquakes occur rather seldom. According to historical so ...
Earthquake forecasting and its verification
... seismographic areas. About a million magnitude two earthquakes occur each year on our planet. In southern California about a thousand magnitude two earthquakes occur each year. Except for the aftershocks of large earthquakes, such as the 1992 M=7.3 Landers earthquake, this seismic activity is essent ...
... seismographic areas. About a million magnitude two earthquakes occur each year on our planet. In southern California about a thousand magnitude two earthquakes occur each year. Except for the aftershocks of large earthquakes, such as the 1992 M=7.3 Landers earthquake, this seismic activity is essent ...
Larry J. Ruff - Seismological Research Letters
... rupture initiation is the hypocentral depth. Most earthquakes are "shallow", except in subduction zones, where earthquakes can be as deep as 700 km. There are a few funny spots around the world with deep earthquakes and no subduction zone, but most seismologists think that geologically recent subduc ...
... rupture initiation is the hypocentral depth. Most earthquakes are "shallow", except in subduction zones, where earthquakes can be as deep as 700 km. There are a few funny spots around the world with deep earthquakes and no subduction zone, but most seismologists think that geologically recent subduc ...
Generalized statistical mechanics approaches to earthquakes and
... distribution, typically present power-law behaviour, enhanced by (multi-) fractal geometries, long-range interactions or large fluctuations between the various possible states; properties that seem to correspond well to the phenomenology of earthquakes. For the statistical mechanics description of s ...
... distribution, typically present power-law behaviour, enhanced by (multi-) fractal geometries, long-range interactions or large fluctuations between the various possible states; properties that seem to correspond well to the phenomenology of earthquakes. For the statistical mechanics description of s ...
Creeping along the Ismetpasa section of the North Anatolian fault
... fault; [3,4]). Therefore, the rate and extent of faultcreep along strike and depth are key parameters to assess seismic hazard, and to understand faulting behavior and the earthquake cycle [5,6]. Although creeping along the North Anatolian fault (NAF) at Ismetpasa (Fig. 1) was discovered over thirty ...
... fault; [3,4]). Therefore, the rate and extent of faultcreep along strike and depth are key parameters to assess seismic hazard, and to understand faulting behavior and the earthquake cycle [5,6]. Although creeping along the North Anatolian fault (NAF) at Ismetpasa (Fig. 1) was discovered over thirty ...
The depth effect of earthquakes on tsunami
... seismic area of 200 km or more, calculations according to the two different formulas of Okada agree rather well. For shallow-focus earthquakes the approach of point area does not work, as noted by Bolshakova and Nosov (2011). By the calculations according to Okada’s “exact” formula, as well as his a ...
... seismic area of 200 km or more, calculations according to the two different formulas of Okada agree rather well. For shallow-focus earthquakes the approach of point area does not work, as noted by Bolshakova and Nosov (2011). By the calculations according to Okada’s “exact” formula, as well as his a ...
emergency preparedness and response guide
... CAMPUS EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE GUIDE This guide is intended to assist staff, faculty, and student response to emergency situations which may occur at any one of our North Island College campuses and centres. The information included in this guide is not all inclusive, but covers most ac ...
... CAMPUS EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE GUIDE This guide is intended to assist staff, faculty, and student response to emergency situations which may occur at any one of our North Island College campuses and centres. The information included in this guide is not all inclusive, but covers most ac ...
Earthquake geotechnical engineering practice
... and lateral spreading are significant earthquake hazards. The design of foundations, retaining structures, roads, and buried infrastructure to resist earthquake shaking and ground failure requires special consideration. The high seismic hazard in New Zealand and profound relevance of earthquake geot ...
... and lateral spreading are significant earthquake hazards. The design of foundations, retaining structures, roads, and buried infrastructure to resist earthquake shaking and ground failure requires special consideration. The high seismic hazard in New Zealand and profound relevance of earthquake geot ...
Magnetic storm free ULF analysis in relation with earthquakes in
... In terms of the Tohoku earthquake, the phenomena (i.e. decrease of the cross correlation values) that appeared about 5 days before this grave event are observed at 8 stations, which are located about 2500 km away from the epicenter. The values (∼0.6; also see Fig. A6 in Appendix), which suggest seis ...
... In terms of the Tohoku earthquake, the phenomena (i.e. decrease of the cross correlation values) that appeared about 5 days before this grave event are observed at 8 stations, which are located about 2500 km away from the epicenter. The values (∼0.6; also see Fig. A6 in Appendix), which suggest seis ...
Seismic intensity map and typical structural damage of 2010 Ms 7.1
... complete damage) and gives a description of each one. Most of the surveyed buildings are one- and two-story adobe and stone structures constructed without considering the effects of possible earthquakes. Referring to the 2008 version of the Chinese Seismic Intensity Scale (GB/T 17742-2008), the surv ...
... complete damage) and gives a description of each one. Most of the surveyed buildings are one- and two-story adobe and stone structures constructed without considering the effects of possible earthquakes. Referring to the 2008 version of the Chinese Seismic Intensity Scale (GB/T 17742-2008), the surv ...
Question paper - Unit F791/01
... epicentre 70 km off the coast of Japan at a focal depth of 32 km. The island of Honshu moved 2.5 m to the east. Over 15 000 people are known to have died. (a) What type of plate tectonic setting was responsible for the Honshu earthquake? ...
... epicentre 70 km off the coast of Japan at a focal depth of 32 km. The island of Honshu moved 2.5 m to the east. Over 15 000 people are known to have died. (a) What type of plate tectonic setting was responsible for the Honshu earthquake? ...
Benefit in the wake of disaster: Long
... Strobl 2012) have generally examined the largest disasters and provided some evidence that their negative short-run effects depend on the level of development and structure of the economy and are more pronounced in developing countries that rely more on rural and agricultural sectors. For those disa ...
... Strobl 2012) have generally examined the largest disasters and provided some evidence that their negative short-run effects depend on the level of development and structure of the economy and are more pronounced in developing countries that rely more on rural and agricultural sectors. For those disa ...
same Power by which Continents are elevated. and on the
... The volcano of Osorno had been in a state of moderate activity for at least forty-eight hours previously; Minchinmadom in much the same gentle action as for the last thirty years; and the Corcovado had been quiet during the whole previous twelve months. " At the moment of the shock, Osorno threw up ...
... The volcano of Osorno had been in a state of moderate activity for at least forty-eight hours previously; Minchinmadom in much the same gentle action as for the last thirty years; and the Corcovado had been quiet during the whole previous twelve months. " At the moment of the shock, Osorno threw up ...
UPDATED SEISMIC HAZARD FOR LEBANON AND IMPLICATIONS
... Figure 3. Breakdown of instrumental earthquake records (1903-1999) by magnitude, Ms The following relevant observations and assumptions were considered for modeling the seismic sources and deriving their earthquake recurrence relationships: (i) The seismic events triggered by the fault system in the ...
... Figure 3. Breakdown of instrumental earthquake records (1903-1999) by magnitude, Ms The following relevant observations and assumptions were considered for modeling the seismic sources and deriving their earthquake recurrence relationships: (i) The seismic events triggered by the fault system in the ...
Seismic hazard for some regions of the world examined using strain
... Cells number eight covers the area of Bhutan, Burma, Bangladesh, and the countries of Indochina peninsula. High seismic activity dominates in the cell. Seven earthquakes with magnitudes M>7.5 occurred in the region since 1897. Most of the stored strain energy was released by a major earthquake (Fig. ...
... Cells number eight covers the area of Bhutan, Burma, Bangladesh, and the countries of Indochina peninsula. High seismic activity dominates in the cell. Seven earthquakes with magnitudes M>7.5 occurred in the region since 1897. Most of the stored strain energy was released by a major earthquake (Fig. ...
Evaluation of seismic stability for mud houses based on
... performs much better than the Tuning Fork type during earthquakes due to its planar symmetry. Hence, for future extension in case of U-shaped layout, augmenting it into a rectangular layout would be advisable. Regarding the layout Z and its rectangular transformation, it can be inferred that both ar ...
... performs much better than the Tuning Fork type during earthquakes due to its planar symmetry. Hence, for future extension in case of U-shaped layout, augmenting it into a rectangular layout would be advisable. Regarding the layout Z and its rectangular transformation, it can be inferred that both ar ...
On the recurrence of great subduction zone earthquakes
... are inadequate to explain earthquake behaviour and argue CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 104, NO. 7, 10 APRIL 2013 ...
... are inadequate to explain earthquake behaviour and argue CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 104, NO. 7, 10 APRIL 2013 ...
1906 San Francisco earthquake
The 1906 San Francisco earthquake struck the coast of Northern California at 5:12 a.m. on April 18 with a moment magnitude of 7.8 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme). Devastating fires broke out in the city that lasted for several days. As a result, about 3,000 people died and over 80% of San Francisco was destroyed.The earthquake and resulting fire are remembered as one of the worst natural disasters in the history of the United States alongside the Galveston Hurricane of 1900 and Hurricane Katrina in 2005. The death toll from the earthquake and resulting fire remains the greatest loss of life from a natural disaster in California's history.