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What the pulmonary specialist should know about the new
What the pulmonary specialist should know about the new

... need to master specific inhalation techniques, which require varying levels of cognitive ability depending on the device. Reviews of randomised controlled trials comparing different inhalers have concluded that they are all equivalent [6, 7]. However, patients in randomised controlled trials receive ...
Treatment Options for Acute Migraine
Treatment Options for Acute Migraine

... zolmitriptan) can be used concurrently. The use of different triptans at the same time is generally contra-indicated, but seems to work in practice. If one triptan fails consistently, the physician should provide another at follow up. In the UK, sumatriptan 50mg tablets are now approved for sale OTC ...
Joydip Das, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical
Joydip Das, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical

...

  Despite the number of deaths and huge economic burden caused to the society, the number of drugs available to treat AUD is very limited and their mechanisms of action are not clearly understood. Moreover, the current drugs are only effective modestly and pat ...

Guide for Drug Level Monitoring of Commonly Used Medications
Guide for Drug Level Monitoring of Commonly Used Medications

... Note: This reference should be used in conjunction with the appropriate clinical judgment of the health care team How do I interpret a level? Concentrations drawn after a dose typically represent a peak level Trough concentrations are usually drawn within 30 minutes prior to a dose If a level was no ...
Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y
Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y

... PLANTS (BLACPMA), ISSN 0717 7917, is a bimonthly, electronic, scientific publication directed to any professional working in the field of the medicinal and aromatic plants. BLACPMA is a non profit organization. Although supported by Latin American Phytochemical Society (SLF), this bulletin is not pr ...
Salvia Divinorum
Salvia Divinorum

... Salvia divinorum is grown domestically and imported from Mexico and Central and South America. The Internet is used for the promotion and distribution of Salvia divinorum. It is sold as seeds, plant cuttings, whole plants, fresh and dried leaves, extract-enhanced leaves of various strengths (e.g., 5 ...
A Psychomotor Stimulant Theory of Addiction
A Psychomotor Stimulant Theory of Addiction

... dence using a broader definition of dependence than was used in early dependence theories. However, although it can be argued that there is some form of dependence syndrome associated with habitual use of every addicting drug, the same dependence syndrome is not common to all drugs. The dependence s ...
Magnetic nanoparticles for drug delivery
Magnetic nanoparticles for drug delivery

... that organism could be delivered along with the agent of selectivity. Hence, a ‘magic bullet’ would be created able to kill the targeted organism exclusively. Ehrlich received the 1908 Nobel Prize in Medicine ...
and B
and B

...  DVS: active metabolite of venlafaxine (Effexor®)  Extensive knowledge of animal and human pharmacology of ...
Improved delivery of fenoterol plus ipratropium bromide using
Improved delivery of fenoterol plus ipratropium bromide using

... predicted normal value according to standard criteria [27, 28]. In addition, all patients exhibited reversible airway obstruction as shown by an increase in FEV1 of ¢15% within 60 min after inhaling two puffs of 50/ 20 mg F/I via MDI without a spacer, following withdrawal of other bronchodilatory dr ...
of Pharmacy and Pharmacology African Journal
of Pharmacy and Pharmacology African Journal

... quantities significantly in herbs (Mustafa et al., 2004). It is important to have a good quality control for herbal medicines in order to protect consumers from contamination (Chwan-Bor et al., 2003). Therefore, it is a critical challenge to determine the concentration of essential elements, heavy a ...
clinical calculations nurses
clinical calculations nurses

... gram. Two 500 milligram paracetamol tablets are the equivalent of one gram. The correct abbreviation of milligram is ‘mg’. Morphine is an opioid analgesic frequently used to control severe pain; it can be injected (intramuscularly, intravenously, and subcutaneously) and administered orally. As an or ...
LySergic acid Diethylamide IS IT A DREAM OR NIGHTMARE?
LySergic acid Diethylamide IS IT A DREAM OR NIGHTMARE?

... The chemical substances classified in this group are referred to as the Hallucinogenic / Psychedelic drugs. Psychotomimetic refers to drugs that mimic a psychological or psychotic state. Hallucinogen refers to the hallucinations that these drugs may produce. Psychedelic means mind expanding. This dr ...
EBOLA and FDA: reviewing the response to the 2014 outbreak, to
EBOLA and FDA: reviewing the response to the 2014 outbreak, to

... of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in history’.1 By early 2016, the total number of probable, confirmed, and suspected Ebola cases tallied since the onset of the outbreak exceeded 28 600, with 11 300 deaths.2 The outbreak, declared a ‘public health emergency of international concern’ (PHEIC) by the World ...
supporting the use of medication in care settings
supporting the use of medication in care settings

... should not be stored directly on the floor as any spillages can get them wet. + There are occasions when a selfmedicating patient may place themselves at risk by taking too much of their medication. If this happens often a risk assessment can be carried out to decide if it is safe for them to car ...
Toxic Doses
Toxic Doses

... o Hormesis: A U-shaped dose-response curve with some xenobiotics, nutrients and other toxins. o Clinical and epidemiological evidence that low to moderate dose is protective. o No dose could theoretically increase incidence of a toxic effect in a population. o High dose is adverse e.g. long-term, ch ...
Advice to The Expert Advisory Committee on drugs on: LSD
Advice to The Expert Advisory Committee on drugs on: LSD

... suggestive of a revival in interest in the drug in the last few years. After a longterm downward trend dating back to the 1990s, both the number and the quantity of seizures increased from 2003 but might be declining again7. LSD retail prices (adjusted for inflation) have been slightly declining sin ...
Performance enhancing drugs
Performance enhancing drugs

... The foundation of modern pharmacy is medical innovation and drug development within a disease-based model. Several factors contribute to the increased use of drugs as enhancers ...
Shaping the future of retail pharmacy
Shaping the future of retail pharmacy

... Shoppers Drug Mart Corporation is the licensor of full-service retail drug stores operating under the names Shoppers Drug Mart® and Pharmaprix®. Founded in 1962 by Toronto pharmacist Murray Koffler, the Company has grown to a network of more than 1,240 full-service drug stores across Canada. These c ...
CHAPTER 1 Introduction
CHAPTER 1 Introduction

... antimalarials like chloroquine as prophylaxis (Hemingway J., 2004). By the 1950’s, malaria was eliminated from Australia, Europe, and the USA (Figure 1.4). Unfortunately, these early eradication efforts failed in Africa and Asia. Today, various malaria eradication efforts have been renewed. One such ...
Drug Therapy
Drug Therapy

... The threshold serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol concentrations above which diet and drug therapy should be initiated, as well as the goals of therapy, have been defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program (Table 3).21 The target serum LDL cholesterol concentration is less than 16 ...
Chapter_021
Chapter_021

... Fig. 21-1. A model of neurotransmission in the healthy striatum and parkinsonian striatum. Copyright © 2013, 2010 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. ...
10.4103_0975-1483.63169
10.4103_0975-1483.63169

... system. Statins are mainly considered for long-term use and often constitute part of a multiple-drug regime, which commonly leads to drug interactions. As statins do not differ in their pharmacodynamic properties, the difference in their pharmacokinetic profiles constitutes the rationale for choosin ...
Recommended Design Features of Future Clinical Trials
Recommended Design Features of Future Clinical Trials

... and VAP) to underscore the need to establish a microbiological diagnosis during clinical trials of antibacterial agents for treatment of these diseases. This position paper is based on the data presented, discussions held, and opinions expressed at the HABP and/or VABP workshop and an ongoing dialog ...
ARTER & HADDENLLP
ARTER & HADDENLLP

... In addition, Metabolize has devoted a significant amount of time and resources to ensure that its products are safe and effective. First, Metabolize is one of two companies which invested in animal studies to evaluate the health effects of its products. These 1994 studies evaluated an herbal compoun ...
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Prescription costs

Prescription costs are a common health care cost for many people and also the source of considerable economic hardship for some. These costs are sometimes referred to as out-of-pocket prescription costs, since for those with insurance, the total cost of their prescriptions may include expenses covered by a third party, such as an insurance company, as well as the individual. Out-of-pocket prescription costs include deductibles, co-payments, and upper limits in coverage.
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