ELEC 401 – Microwave Electronics Plane Electromagnetic Waves
... Plane Electromagnetic Waves The source of a plane wave is supposed to be uniform over an infinite plane in order to generate uniform fields over a plane parallel to the source plane. There is no actual uniform plane wave in nature. However, if one observes an incoming wave far away from a finit ...
... Plane Electromagnetic Waves The source of a plane wave is supposed to be uniform over an infinite plane in order to generate uniform fields over a plane parallel to the source plane. There is no actual uniform plane wave in nature. However, if one observes an incoming wave far away from a finit ...
Oscillating dipole model for the X
... We propose here a more direct approach that can be applied for fluorescence, elastic and inelastic scattering, both for primary and secondary radiations undergoing Bragg diffraction. The idea is: to consider the sources of secondary radiation as oscillating dipoles radiating at the frequency of th ...
... We propose here a more direct approach that can be applied for fluorescence, elastic and inelastic scattering, both for primary and secondary radiations undergoing Bragg diffraction. The idea is: to consider the sources of secondary radiation as oscillating dipoles radiating at the frequency of th ...
Simple Radiating Systems
... From the angular dependence of this expression we see that: • most of the energy is emitted near the equatorial plane (θ = π/2), and • none of the energy propagates along the z-axis (θ = 0 or θ = π). The total power radiated is obtained by integrating ~S over any closed surface S. The averaged power ...
... From the angular dependence of this expression we see that: • most of the energy is emitted near the equatorial plane (θ = π/2), and • none of the energy propagates along the z-axis (θ = 0 or θ = π). The total power radiated is obtained by integrating ~S over any closed surface S. The averaged power ...
Chapter 13 Maxwell’s Equations and Electromagnetic Waves
... One might then wonder whether or not the converse could be true, namely, a changing electric field produces a magnetic field. If so, then the right-hand side of Eq. (13.1.1) will have to be modified to reflect such “symmetry” between E and B . To see how magnetic fields can be created by a time-vary ...
... One might then wonder whether or not the converse could be true, namely, a changing electric field produces a magnetic field. If so, then the right-hand side of Eq. (13.1.1) will have to be modified to reflect such “symmetry” between E and B . To see how magnetic fields can be created by a time-vary ...
Electromagnetic waves
... a handle on, for a number of reasons. First, the things that are oscillating are electric and magnetic fields, which are much harder to see (which is an ironic statement, considering that we see with light, which is an electromagnetic wave). Second, the fields can have components in various directio ...
... a handle on, for a number of reasons. First, the things that are oscillating are electric and magnetic fields, which are much harder to see (which is an ironic statement, considering that we see with light, which is an electromagnetic wave). Second, the fields can have components in various directio ...
Electrodynamics of Metallic Photonic Crystals and the Problem of
... magnetic induction B over the unit cell. In this sense this is indeed a longitudinal mode. But the average value of the magnetic energy, which is proportional to B 2 , is not zero and it is large. The physics of this mode is substantially related to the magnetic energy. That is why negative comple ...
... magnetic induction B over the unit cell. In this sense this is indeed a longitudinal mode. But the average value of the magnetic energy, which is proportional to B 2 , is not zero and it is large. The physics of this mode is substantially related to the magnetic energy. That is why negative comple ...
Chapter 3: Electromagnetic Waves
... you produce a wave that moves away from your hand. As a charged particle vibrates by moving up and down or back and forth, it produces changing electric and magnetic fields that move away from the vibrating charge in many directions. These changing fields traveling in many directions form an electro ...
... you produce a wave that moves away from your hand. As a charged particle vibrates by moving up and down or back and forth, it produces changing electric and magnetic fields that move away from the vibrating charge in many directions. These changing fields traveling in many directions form an electro ...
Electricity history
... well as the separate rays from a double-refracting crystal have the same property of polarization. In 1810 he receives the prize and emboldens the proponents of the particle theory of light because no one sees how a wave theory can make waves of different polarizations. 1811 - Arago shows that some ...
... well as the separate rays from a double-refracting crystal have the same property of polarization. In 1810 he receives the prize and emboldens the proponents of the particle theory of light because no one sees how a wave theory can make waves of different polarizations. 1811 - Arago shows that some ...
Chapter Nine Radiation
... wave, charges in the scatterer will be set into some sort of coherent motion1 and these moving charges will produce radiation, called the scattered wave. Hence scattering phenomena are closely related to radiation phenomena. Diffraction of electromagnetic waves is similar. One starts with a wave in ...
... wave, charges in the scatterer will be set into some sort of coherent motion1 and these moving charges will produce radiation, called the scattered wave. Hence scattering phenomena are closely related to radiation phenomena. Diffraction of electromagnetic waves is similar. One starts with a wave in ...
25.7 The Photon Model of Electromagnetic Waves
... Physical therapists may use electromagnetic waves for deep heating of tissue. The wavelength is generally longer than that in a microwave oven because the longer wavelengths have greater penetration. ...
... Physical therapists may use electromagnetic waves for deep heating of tissue. The wavelength is generally longer than that in a microwave oven because the longer wavelengths have greater penetration. ...
B.Sc. Program Phys Courses (English)
... Reflection and refraction of light, lenses, optical instruments, wave theory of height, interference, diffraction and polarization of light. Electrostatics, electric current and DC circuits, electromagnetism and AC circuits, electrical instruments. Introduction to quantum theory, atomic spectra, X-r ...
... Reflection and refraction of light, lenses, optical instruments, wave theory of height, interference, diffraction and polarization of light. Electrostatics, electric current and DC circuits, electromagnetism and AC circuits, electrical instruments. Introduction to quantum theory, atomic spectra, X-r ...
Electromagnetic radiation
Electromagnetic radiation (EM radiation or EMR) is the radiant energy released by certain electromagnetic processes. Visible light is one type of electromagnetic radiation, other familiar forms are invisible electromagnetic radiations such as radio waves, infrared light and X rays.Classically, electromagnetic radiation consists of electromagnetic waves, which are synchronized oscillations of electric and magnetic fields that propagate at the speed of light through a vacuum. The oscillations of the two fields are perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the direction of energy and wave propagation, forming a transverse wave. Electromagnetic waves can be characterized by either the frequency or wavelength of their oscillations to form the electromagnetic spectrum, which includes, in order of increasing frequency and decreasing wavelength: radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and gamma rays.Electromagnetic waves are produced whenever charged particles are accelerated, and these waves can subsequently interact with any charged particles. EM waves carry energy, momentum and angular momentum away from their source particle and can impart those quantities to matter with which they interact. Quanta of EM waves are called photons, which are massless, but they are still affected by gravity. Electromagnetic radiation is associated with those EM waves that are free to propagate themselves (""radiate"") without the continuing influence of the moving charges that produced them, because they have achieved sufficient distance from those charges. Thus, EMR is sometimes referred to as the far field. In this jargon, the near field refers to EM fields near the charges and current that directly produced them, specifically, electromagnetic induction and electrostatic induction phenomena.In the quantum theory of electromagnetism, EMR consists of photons, the elementary particles responsible for all electromagnetic interactions. Quantum effects provide additional sources of EMR, such as the transition of electrons to lower energy levels in an atom and black-body radiation. The energy of an individual photon is quantized and is greater for photons of higher frequency. This relationship is given by Planck's equation E=hν, where E is the energy per photon, ν is the frequency of the photon, and h is Planck's constant. A single gamma ray photon, for example, might carry ~100,000 times the energy of a single photon of visible light.The effects of EMR upon biological systems (and also to many other chemical systems, under standard conditions) depend both upon the radiation's power and its frequency. For EMR of visible frequencies or lower (i.e., radio, microwave, infrared), the damage done to cells and other materials is determined mainly by power and caused primarily by heating effects from the combined energy transfer of many photons. By contrast, for ultraviolet and higher frequencies (i.e., X-rays and gamma rays), chemical materials and living cells can be further damaged beyond that done by simple heating, since individual photons of such high frequency have enough energy to cause direct molecular damage.