Forest Diversity and Function
... colored, of course, by the kinds of information available. Unfortunately, there are few results from explicit experiments on the diversity/functioning/stability relationships. We have had to turn to “experiments” that nature has provided, i.e. observing functioning in systems of varying diversity. H ...
... colored, of course, by the kinds of information available. Unfortunately, there are few results from explicit experiments on the diversity/functioning/stability relationships. We have had to turn to “experiments” that nature has provided, i.e. observing functioning in systems of varying diversity. H ...
introduction - RUJA - Universidad de Jaén
... transformation in irrigation ponds and eutrophization. Human population growth and its effects on agricultural needs and in higher agrochemical use will result in higher wetland pollution. European policy efforts are being made to achieve good chemical and ecological quality of all European water bo ...
... transformation in irrigation ponds and eutrophization. Human population growth and its effects on agricultural needs and in higher agrochemical use will result in higher wetland pollution. European policy efforts are being made to achieve good chemical and ecological quality of all European water bo ...
References - Biology Department | UNC Chapel Hill
... We have written this book because we like being in plant communities and we like trying to find out how they work. Books exist describing the plant communities of parts of the world, or the whole of it. Other books assume that there are rules governing the assembly of communities. We hope to examine ...
... We have written this book because we like being in plant communities and we like trying to find out how they work. Books exist describing the plant communities of parts of the world, or the whole of it. Other books assume that there are rules governing the assembly of communities. We hope to examine ...
Mutualisms in a changing world: an evolutionary
... relationship between global change and ecological species interactions (e.g., Dunn et al. 2009; Yang & Rudolf 2010; Berg et al. 2010). In one comprehensive study, Tylianakis et al. (2008) synthesized data from 688 published studies to illustrate that global change (e.g., CO2 enrichment, nitrogen dep ...
... relationship between global change and ecological species interactions (e.g., Dunn et al. 2009; Yang & Rudolf 2010; Berg et al. 2010). In one comprehensive study, Tylianakis et al. (2008) synthesized data from 688 published studies to illustrate that global change (e.g., CO2 enrichment, nitrogen dep ...
Chap21 test review
... 19. Describe two things the prairie dogs need to live that they obtain from their habitat. 20. Describe one of the prairie dog’s adaptations and how it helps the prairie dog to survive. 21. What level of ecological organization do all of the owls in a certain area represent? ...
... 19. Describe two things the prairie dogs need to live that they obtain from their habitat. 20. Describe one of the prairie dog’s adaptations and how it helps the prairie dog to survive. 21. What level of ecological organization do all of the owls in a certain area represent? ...
Herbivory, seed production and seed predation in forest herbs along
... differentiation). Therefore, combinations of species can exploit the resource space more effectively than communities of the same species. (2) Species-rich communities are more likely to contain species with particularly important traits that contribute disproportionally to ecosystem processes (samp ...
... differentiation). Therefore, combinations of species can exploit the resource space more effectively than communities of the same species. (2) Species-rich communities are more likely to contain species with particularly important traits that contribute disproportionally to ecosystem processes (samp ...
Ecosystem-based management of coral reefs and interconnected
... was initially placed on the evident segregation of similar species among habitats, such that between-habitat diversity is particularly high. This partitioning can be over-emphasized, however. Even on relatively less diverse Caribbean reefs there are abundant examples of groups of ecologically simila ...
... was initially placed on the evident segregation of similar species among habitats, such that between-habitat diversity is particularly high. This partitioning can be over-emphasized, however. Even on relatively less diverse Caribbean reefs there are abundant examples of groups of ecologically simila ...
Role of Biotic Interactions in a Small Mammal Assemblage in
... within-treatment variation. Experimental studies of predation are similarly underrepresented among vertebrates (re Kerfoot and Sih 1987); only 19 of 139 predation studies (13.7%) listed by Sih et al. (1985) involved birds and/or mammals. A further consideration has been the problem of ecological sca ...
... within-treatment variation. Experimental studies of predation are similarly underrepresented among vertebrates (re Kerfoot and Sih 1987); only 19 of 139 predation studies (13.7%) listed by Sih et al. (1985) involved birds and/or mammals. A further consideration has been the problem of ecological sca ...
Artificial structures as tools for fish habitat rehabilitation in a
... 2. This paper evaluates the role of artificial structures as fish habitat in a structureless 30 km2 Brazilian reservoir, through underwater surveys conducted monthly from April 1999 to March 2000. 3. In total, 5759 fish in nine species were recorded, but only three cichlid species } one native, Geophag ...
... 2. This paper evaluates the role of artificial structures as fish habitat in a structureless 30 km2 Brazilian reservoir, through underwater surveys conducted monthly from April 1999 to March 2000. 3. In total, 5759 fish in nine species were recorded, but only three cichlid species } one native, Geophag ...
Section 4 - Town of Concord MA
... es, large agricultural areas, major wildlife corridors, water bodies and adjacent land, and certain unique features and microenvironments contribute to Concord’s special character. For the purpose of this plan, large natural areas are defined as patches of relatively natural vegetation that are int ...
... es, large agricultural areas, major wildlife corridors, water bodies and adjacent land, and certain unique features and microenvironments contribute to Concord’s special character. For the purpose of this plan, large natural areas are defined as patches of relatively natural vegetation that are int ...
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... & Granhall, 1991). As species-specific variation in litter quality can influence decomposition rate (Kazakou et al., 2009), all bags were filled with nettle (Urtica dioica L.) leaves on the basis that the species was present at all field sites (Rowe et al., 2011). To ensure consistent leaf quality, ...
... & Granhall, 1991). As species-specific variation in litter quality can influence decomposition rate (Kazakou et al., 2009), all bags were filled with nettle (Urtica dioica L.) leaves on the basis that the species was present at all field sites (Rowe et al., 2011). To ensure consistent leaf quality, ...
Soil-mediated local adaptation alters seedling survival and
... difference in survival between soil types, while the other measured the magnitude of differential survival (if any). First, we used an exact test to determine if seedlings survived better in their local soils (Fleiss et al. 2003). For the exact tests, we generated five (one for each tree) 2-by-2 con ...
... difference in survival between soil types, while the other measured the magnitude of differential survival (if any). First, we used an exact test to determine if seedlings survived better in their local soils (Fleiss et al. 2003). For the exact tests, we generated five (one for each tree) 2-by-2 con ...
1 BAP Intro 2 AW.fh11
... That’s the plan. I’ve lived in Barnsley all my life and, to be honest, I’ve only become aware of the need for biodiversity over the last few years. Perhaps this is because when I was a lad I took biodiversity for granted. I knew that I would see and experience a variety of plants and birds and anima ...
... That’s the plan. I’ve lived in Barnsley all my life and, to be honest, I’ve only become aware of the need for biodiversity over the last few years. Perhaps this is because when I was a lad I took biodiversity for granted. I knew that I would see and experience a variety of plants and birds and anima ...
Criterion 1 Conservation of biological diversity
... in their protection. Genetic diversity Conservation of forest genetic resources is linked both to the conservation of forest biodiversity and to the availability of forest species for commercial or environmental use. Indicators in this subcriterion examine the risk of loss of genetic diversity in fo ...
... in their protection. Genetic diversity Conservation of forest genetic resources is linked both to the conservation of forest biodiversity and to the availability of forest species for commercial or environmental use. Indicators in this subcriterion examine the risk of loss of genetic diversity in fo ...
Sharing the Land with Pinyon-Juniper Birds
... he pinyon-juniper woodland is a widespread ecosystem of the North American West. Estimates of its current extent vary widely, depending on how the habitat is defined and delineated. A recent estimate is 55.6 million acres (22.5 million ha; Mitchell and Roberts 1999). It is widely regarded that the e ...
... he pinyon-juniper woodland is a widespread ecosystem of the North American West. Estimates of its current extent vary widely, depending on how the habitat is defined and delineated. A recent estimate is 55.6 million acres (22.5 million ha; Mitchell and Roberts 1999). It is widely regarded that the e ...
Partitioning the effects of eco-evolutionary feedbacks on
... Here, we present a general framework to determine the role of eco-evolutionary feedbacks on stability, accounting for the relative time scales of ecological and evolutionary processes. Determining when an ecosystem of interacting species is stable is of fundamental importance in ecology, offering in ...
... Here, we present a general framework to determine the role of eco-evolutionary feedbacks on stability, accounting for the relative time scales of ecological and evolutionary processes. Determining when an ecosystem of interacting species is stable is of fundamental importance in ecology, offering in ...
Aurochs and Bison – natural range and habitat selection, de
... - human pressure in Southern and Western Europe was lower than in Central Europe - no explanation why bison’s range severely curtailed by humans prior to 8000 BP, but then maintained stable for the next 5000 years, although human pressure rose substantially during that time - no European bison remai ...
... - human pressure in Southern and Western Europe was lower than in Central Europe - no explanation why bison’s range severely curtailed by humans prior to 8000 BP, but then maintained stable for the next 5000 years, although human pressure rose substantially during that time - no European bison remai ...
Grand Kankakee Marsh National Wildlife Refuge
... of the draft environmental assessment were distributed for a 150-day public review and comment period. The Service coordinated its public involvement effort closely, and corresponded frequently with many of the aforementioned entities. To-date, more than 14,000 people from 44 different states have c ...
... of the draft environmental assessment were distributed for a 150-day public review and comment period. The Service coordinated its public involvement effort closely, and corresponded frequently with many of the aforementioned entities. To-date, more than 14,000 people from 44 different states have c ...
Predation, resource availability, and community structure in
... of phytotelmata, including most water-filled tree holes (see Snow 1949; Kitching 1971 for descriptions of this habitat). Macroorganisms in tree holes consume decaying litter directly (e.g., Paradise and Dunson 1997), or indirectly by grazing and filtering decomposer microbes from litter surfaces and ...
... of phytotelmata, including most water-filled tree holes (see Snow 1949; Kitching 1971 for descriptions of this habitat). Macroorganisms in tree holes consume decaying litter directly (e.g., Paradise and Dunson 1997), or indirectly by grazing and filtering decomposer microbes from litter surfaces and ...
Extinction thresholds: insights from simple models
... and eradication mortality rate. For example, they showed that as long as isolated populations were relatively low (< 100 males captured in pheromone traps), eradication treatments were likely to succeed if able to eradicate at least 80% of the individuals. ...
... and eradication mortality rate. For example, they showed that as long as isolated populations were relatively low (< 100 males captured in pheromone traps), eradication treatments were likely to succeed if able to eradicate at least 80% of the individuals. ...
Importance of the Allee effect for reintroductions1
... reintroduction. Because of this shortage of individuals, the founder populations will be confronted by different dynamic problems typical of small populations or populations at low density, among which is the Allee effect. In many species, individuals benefit from the presence of conspecifics. The l ...
... reintroduction. Because of this shortage of individuals, the founder populations will be confronted by different dynamic problems typical of small populations or populations at low density, among which is the Allee effect. In many species, individuals benefit from the presence of conspecifics. The l ...
Managing Scrub for Nightingales
... There is still much to be learned about the best rotational management strategies so keeping records of which patches were cut when, and exactly where Nightingale territories were located in each year, is valuable. Furthermore, where scrub is managed by many years of cutting, the vegetation structur ...
... There is still much to be learned about the best rotational management strategies so keeping records of which patches were cut when, and exactly where Nightingale territories were located in each year, is valuable. Furthermore, where scrub is managed by many years of cutting, the vegetation structur ...
Best Management Practices for Species of Significance in Stanley
... a desired outcome can be delivered with fewer problems and unforeseen complications. BMP’s can also be defined as the most efficient (least amount of effort) and effective (best results) way of accomplishing a task, based on repeatable procedures that have proven themselves over time for large numbe ...
... a desired outcome can be delivered with fewer problems and unforeseen complications. BMP’s can also be defined as the most efficient (least amount of effort) and effective (best results) way of accomplishing a task, based on repeatable procedures that have proven themselves over time for large numbe ...
Plastic responses in juvenile wood frog (Rana sylvatica)
... traits (Relyea 2001, Miner 2005). The accelerated metamorphosis may have created a time lag in the appearance of plastic traits as found in Relyea and Hoverman’s (2003) study. The authors found that plastic effects were not displayed until a month after metamorphosis. A study conducted by Weider and ...
... traits (Relyea 2001, Miner 2005). The accelerated metamorphosis may have created a time lag in the appearance of plastic traits as found in Relyea and Hoverman’s (2003) study. The authors found that plastic effects were not displayed until a month after metamorphosis. A study conducted by Weider and ...
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project
The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, originally called the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project is a large-scale ecological experiment looking at the effects of habitat fragmentation on tropical rainforest; it is one of the most expensive biology experiments ever run. The experiment, which was established in 1979 is located near Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon. The project is jointly managed by the Smithsonian Institution and INPA, the Brazilian Institute for Research in the Amazon.The project was initiated in 1979 by Thomas Lovejoy to investigate the SLOSS debate. Initially named the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project, the project created forest fragments of sizes 1 hectare (2 acres), 10 hectares (25 acres), and 100 hectares (247 acres). Data were collected prior to the creation of the fragments and studies of the effects of fragmentation now exceed 25 years.As of October 2010 562 publications and 143 graduate dissertations and theses had emerged from the project.