Spatial distributions of tree species in a subtropical forest of China
... tree species are highly sparsely distributed. Important but challenging questions have been raised from such pattern. For example, how individuals of a spatially sparse population interact, how the viability of the population is maintained, and how the sparse populations on different trophic levels ...
... tree species are highly sparsely distributed. Important but challenging questions have been raised from such pattern. For example, how individuals of a spatially sparse population interact, how the viability of the population is maintained, and how the sparse populations on different trophic levels ...
The concept of potential natural vegetation: an epitaph?
... These studies gave inconsistent results for data collected at different but very close grain sizes (plot sizes were within the same order of magnitude); more significant problems could exist when defining the species composition for potential vegetation types, on larger grain size and extent, on the b ...
... These studies gave inconsistent results for data collected at different but very close grain sizes (plot sizes were within the same order of magnitude); more significant problems could exist when defining the species composition for potential vegetation types, on larger grain size and extent, on the b ...
2010 - The Global Biodiversity Challenge
... Invasive alien species Article 8(j) Climate change and biodiversity Technology transfer Tourism development Incentive measures Access and benefit sharing Economics and trade Public education and awareness ...
... Invasive alien species Article 8(j) Climate change and biodiversity Technology transfer Tourism development Incentive measures Access and benefit sharing Economics and trade Public education and awareness ...
Redacted for privacy - H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest
... the A) dominance preemption model, B) dominance decay model, C) random fraction model and D) random assortment model. Bars represent mean relative species abundance (± 1 standard deviation) of the seven most dominant species (ranked from most to least abundant). Filled circles represent the upper ra ...
... the A) dominance preemption model, B) dominance decay model, C) random fraction model and D) random assortment model. Bars represent mean relative species abundance (± 1 standard deviation) of the seven most dominant species (ranked from most to least abundant). Filled circles represent the upper ra ...
Ecology and Disturbance
... Why does succession take so long? • Different plant species have different ecological requirements. A beech or liveoak needs shade as a seedling. • They also need soil moisture which means the soil must have a high organic content. • So succession is also the development of soil and colonization by ...
... Why does succession take so long? • Different plant species have different ecological requirements. A beech or liveoak needs shade as a seedling. • They also need soil moisture which means the soil must have a high organic content. • So succession is also the development of soil and colonization by ...
Document
... The ecosystems of A2A did experience marked climatic and evolutionary changes to their ancient Cretaceous Gondwanan flora and fauna. This included the establishment of continent wide rainforests during the early Tertiary and then drying, and modernisation of Australia’s flora, with the contraction ...
... The ecosystems of A2A did experience marked climatic and evolutionary changes to their ancient Cretaceous Gondwanan flora and fauna. This included the establishment of continent wide rainforests during the early Tertiary and then drying, and modernisation of Australia’s flora, with the contraction ...
Chapter 3 Env. Sens. Habitat Areas
... coastal waters, streams, wetlands, estuaries, and lakes appropriate to maintain optimum populations of marine organisms and for the protection of human health shall be maintained and, where feasible, restored through, among other means, minimizing adverse effects of waste water discharges and entrai ...
... coastal waters, streams, wetlands, estuaries, and lakes appropriate to maintain optimum populations of marine organisms and for the protection of human health shall be maintained and, where feasible, restored through, among other means, minimizing adverse effects of waste water discharges and entrai ...
2000 CRC Press LLC - Site de utilizadores
... given restoration project. While all the reasons listed above are significant, goals may be quite limited. For instance, restoration to increase the carrying capacity for a given plant or animal is a specific desired outcome. However, in the process of restoring a specific habitat for a species, hab ...
... given restoration project. While all the reasons listed above are significant, goals may be quite limited. For instance, restoration to increase the carrying capacity for a given plant or animal is a specific desired outcome. However, in the process of restoring a specific habitat for a species, hab ...
Niche theory and guilds
... phoeniceus) and Yellow-headed Blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) “Ecological release” – mongoose example Ecological niches can thus be defined in terms of: -response functions: how species are distributed on environmental gradients with respect to limitation and optimal performance (a physio ...
... phoeniceus) and Yellow-headed Blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) “Ecological release” – mongoose example Ecological niches can thus be defined in terms of: -response functions: how species are distributed on environmental gradients with respect to limitation and optimal performance (a physio ...
Effects of altered resource consumption rates by one consumer
... both consumption rate parameters of consumer i often produce an increase in consumer species j. While the models analysed here include only two consumers and two resources, the same pathways of indirect effects exist in any multiple consumer–multiple resource model of competition; overexploitation o ...
... both consumption rate parameters of consumer i often produce an increase in consumer species j. While the models analysed here include only two consumers and two resources, the same pathways of indirect effects exist in any multiple consumer–multiple resource model of competition; overexploitation o ...
Ecological scaling alters observed relationships between diversity
... natural ecosystem remain unclear in spite of considerable research efforts. Given widespread changes in biodiversity due to high rates of local extinctions, increasing levels of human-induced biological invasions, and dramatic modification of ecosystem processes, understanding the relationships amon ...
... natural ecosystem remain unclear in spite of considerable research efforts. Given widespread changes in biodiversity due to high rates of local extinctions, increasing levels of human-induced biological invasions, and dramatic modification of ecosystem processes, understanding the relationships amon ...
Current distribution of parthenium weed in Kenya and
... Associated species (Collect voucher material when possible) ...
... Associated species (Collect voucher material when possible) ...
Afrika Tag 2013 - Abstracts Veranstalter: Dr. Thomas Wagner
... Emmanuel Benjamin, Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Agrarund Ernährungswirtschaft Purpose –The purpose of this paper is to analyze the access to formal credit and credit terms afforded to rural smallholders in developing countries and explore the use of appropriate business signaling me ...
... Emmanuel Benjamin, Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Agrarund Ernährungswirtschaft Purpose –The purpose of this paper is to analyze the access to formal credit and credit terms afforded to rural smallholders in developing countries and explore the use of appropriate business signaling me ...
Definitions
... Recent consensus* • Some minimum number of species is essential for maintaining ecosystem function under constant conditions • A larger number of species is probably required for maintaining ecosystems in changing environments • Determining which species have significant impact on which processes in ...
... Recent consensus* • Some minimum number of species is essential for maintaining ecosystem function under constant conditions • A larger number of species is probably required for maintaining ecosystems in changing environments • Determining which species have significant impact on which processes in ...
Patterns of primary succession on granite outcrop surfaces
... Tullgren funnel extraction of soil microarthropods. We reweighed the soil after arthropod extraction and determined dry weight, percent soil moisture, and bulkdensity. Bulk-density was estimated at 6-mo intervals. The diurnal fluctuations in aboveground and soil temperatures were measured in each co ...
... Tullgren funnel extraction of soil microarthropods. We reweighed the soil after arthropod extraction and determined dry weight, percent soil moisture, and bulkdensity. Bulk-density was estimated at 6-mo intervals. The diurnal fluctuations in aboveground and soil temperatures were measured in each co ...
Diversity meets decomposition
... in biodiversity (Box 1) can alter the decomposition process [2,3], indicating that understanding the significance of biodiversity, as well as the mechanistic basis behind synergistic or antagonistic diversity effects (see glossary) on decomposition, is essential to assess the consequences of biodive ...
... in biodiversity (Box 1) can alter the decomposition process [2,3], indicating that understanding the significance of biodiversity, as well as the mechanistic basis behind synergistic or antagonistic diversity effects (see glossary) on decomposition, is essential to assess the consequences of biodive ...
View/Open - Oregon State University
... habitats, for a total of nine bags. The bags were each about 30 feet apart. The bags sat for two weeks to allow for M. magister settlement. At the end of two weeks we assessed the bags for M. magister abundance. We determined the tidal heights of the different habitats by recording the time that the ...
... habitats, for a total of nine bags. The bags were each about 30 feet apart. The bags sat for two weeks to allow for M. magister settlement. At the end of two weeks we assessed the bags for M. magister abundance. We determined the tidal heights of the different habitats by recording the time that the ...
1. Introduction 1.1 Insect Diversity 2 1.2 Insects and Humans 3 1.3
... Insects provide many opportunities for researchers and some species are invaluable for applied sciences. The vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster for instance, is a commonly used model in genetic research. The aquatic larvae of certain insects are very susceptible to pollution, therefore their presen ...
... Insects provide many opportunities for researchers and some species are invaluable for applied sciences. The vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster for instance, is a commonly used model in genetic research. The aquatic larvae of certain insects are very susceptible to pollution, therefore their presen ...
abiotic constraints eclipse biotic resistance in
... did plant neighborhood. Inundation reduced survival of three species and growth and reproduction of all five species. Neighboring plants reduced growth and reproduction of three species but generally did not affect survival. Brassica rapa, Centaurea solstitialis, and Vicia villosa all suffered high m ...
... did plant neighborhood. Inundation reduced survival of three species and growth and reproduction of all five species. Neighboring plants reduced growth and reproduction of three species but generally did not affect survival. Brassica rapa, Centaurea solstitialis, and Vicia villosa all suffered high m ...
Competition and Facilitation: a Synthetic Approach to Interactions in
... Our understanding of how interactions among plants affect community structure is largely based on studies in which specific mechanisms have been isolated and analyzed. By this approach, ecologists have shown that resource competition (Connell 1983, Schoener 1983), allelopathy (Rice 1984, Williamson ...
... Our understanding of how interactions among plants affect community structure is largely based on studies in which specific mechanisms have been isolated and analyzed. By this approach, ecologists have shown that resource competition (Connell 1983, Schoener 1983), allelopathy (Rice 1984, Williamson ...
Impact: toward a framework for understanding
... (Figure 2). Here we review some of the best examples of studies, both experimental and observational, that have quantified impacts. The impact of an invader can be measured at five levels: (1) effects on individuals (including demographic rates such as mortality and growth), (2) genetic effects (inc ...
... (Figure 2). Here we review some of the best examples of studies, both experimental and observational, that have quantified impacts. The impact of an invader can be measured at five levels: (1) effects on individuals (including demographic rates such as mortality and growth), (2) genetic effects (inc ...
10 The Conservation of Ecological Interactions
... are removed. This method allows ecologists to predict what happens to an ecological network when species go extinct. For example, does it have little effect on web structure or does it lead to a cascade of secondary extinctions? ...
... are removed. This method allows ecologists to predict what happens to an ecological network when species go extinct. For example, does it have little effect on web structure or does it lead to a cascade of secondary extinctions? ...
INFORMING THE RESTORATION OF PIEDMONT SAVANNA USING
... The presettlement southeastern US Piedmont landscape supported an apparent abundance of firemaintained landscapes, including Piedmont savannas. Fire suppression led to a decline of fireresponsive, sun-loving herbaceous plants that had persisted for thousands (or millions) of years. These plants are ...
... The presettlement southeastern US Piedmont landscape supported an apparent abundance of firemaintained landscapes, including Piedmont savannas. Fire suppression led to a decline of fireresponsive, sun-loving herbaceous plants that had persisted for thousands (or millions) of years. These plants are ...
Impact: Toward a Framework for Understanding the Ecological
... (Figure 2). Here we review some of the best examples of studies, both experimental and observational, that have quantified impacts. The impact of an invader can be measured at five levels: (1) effects on individuals (including demographic rates such as mortality and growth), (2) genetic effects (inc ...
... (Figure 2). Here we review some of the best examples of studies, both experimental and observational, that have quantified impacts. The impact of an invader can be measured at five levels: (1) effects on individuals (including demographic rates such as mortality and growth), (2) genetic effects (inc ...
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning
... A third category of value, ecosystem services, is the focus of this report. The organisms that live, grow, reproduce, and interact within ecosystems help to mediate local and regional flows of energy and materials (Figure 4). Energy flow refers to the capture of light energy by green plant or algal ...
... A third category of value, ecosystem services, is the focus of this report. The organisms that live, grow, reproduce, and interact within ecosystems help to mediate local and regional flows of energy and materials (Figure 4). Energy flow refers to the capture of light energy by green plant or algal ...
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project
The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, originally called the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project is a large-scale ecological experiment looking at the effects of habitat fragmentation on tropical rainforest; it is one of the most expensive biology experiments ever run. The experiment, which was established in 1979 is located near Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon. The project is jointly managed by the Smithsonian Institution and INPA, the Brazilian Institute for Research in the Amazon.The project was initiated in 1979 by Thomas Lovejoy to investigate the SLOSS debate. Initially named the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project, the project created forest fragments of sizes 1 hectare (2 acres), 10 hectares (25 acres), and 100 hectares (247 acres). Data were collected prior to the creation of the fragments and studies of the effects of fragmentation now exceed 25 years.As of October 2010 562 publications and 143 graduate dissertations and theses had emerged from the project.