State Water Resources Control Board
... Delta outflow increases that attempt to position X-2 during the fall months. • Such a proposal was made the subject of considerable testimony during the trial in NRDC v. Kempthorne and was firmly rejected by the federal court. ...
... Delta outflow increases that attempt to position X-2 during the fall months. • Such a proposal was made the subject of considerable testimony during the trial in NRDC v. Kempthorne and was firmly rejected by the federal court. ...
A Hierarchical Ecological Approach to Conserving Marine
... observe and predict than biotic attributes such as disease. Ecosystem processes such as productivity, however, involve both biotic and abiotic components and therefore have different implications for conservation than strictly abiotic attributes. Water motion for example, is an ecosystem process dri ...
... observe and predict than biotic attributes such as disease. Ecosystem processes such as productivity, however, involve both biotic and abiotic components and therefore have different implications for conservation than strictly abiotic attributes. Water motion for example, is an ecosystem process dri ...
Undetected Species Losses, Food Webs, and
... problem, however, is that when species disappear unnoticed, the utility of a baseline is greatly weakened. Here I highlight these issues by profiling previously unreported extirpations from two well-studied National Parks in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, USA. Yellowstone National Park, hereinaf ...
... problem, however, is that when species disappear unnoticed, the utility of a baseline is greatly weakened. Here I highlight these issues by profiling previously unreported extirpations from two well-studied National Parks in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, USA. Yellowstone National Park, hereinaf ...
Process-based models are required to manage ecological systems
... relationships are also sensitive to climatic conditions, (e.g., perhaps the outcome of competition is a nonlinear function of temperature), their effects may not be incorporated in predictions based on extrapolation from current conditions. Because of this limitation, practitioners are increasingly ...
... relationships are also sensitive to climatic conditions, (e.g., perhaps the outcome of competition is a nonlinear function of temperature), their effects may not be incorporated in predictions based on extrapolation from current conditions. Because of this limitation, practitioners are increasingly ...
Hedgerow management and wildlife review
... been addressed by some significant UK research projects undertaken since the publication of that 1995 report, but the above statement is still largely accurate. We now know more that we did in 1995, but further research to support Government agri-environment schemes and other hedgerow management ini ...
... been addressed by some significant UK research projects undertaken since the publication of that 1995 report, but the above statement is still largely accurate. We now know more that we did in 1995, but further research to support Government agri-environment schemes and other hedgerow management ini ...
- Government of Nova Scotia
... case, the earthworm is examined for the way it lives and fits into its environment. In this module we will be looking at the ecology of a woodlot. Ecologically speaking, your woodlot is a complex association of plants and animals known as ecosystem . An ecosystem is a community of plants and animals ...
... case, the earthworm is examined for the way it lives and fits into its environment. In this module we will be looking at the ecology of a woodlot. Ecologically speaking, your woodlot is a complex association of plants and animals known as ecosystem . An ecosystem is a community of plants and animals ...
Josep Rost, Pere Pons, Josep M. Bas
... Mediterranean plant communities to regenerate directly in a process that has been called autosuccession, that is, the fast recovery of a plant community with the same species pool that it had before the disturbance (Trabaud & Lepart 1980). However, not all plant communities are capable of direct reg ...
... Mediterranean plant communities to regenerate directly in a process that has been called autosuccession, that is, the fast recovery of a plant community with the same species pool that it had before the disturbance (Trabaud & Lepart 1980). However, not all plant communities are capable of direct reg ...
species richness, latitude, and scale-sensitivity
... contributed substantially to understanding the latitudinal gradient in diversity and the mechanisms that may give rise to it. Although initial studies detailing latitudinal gradients in mammalian richness focused on North America (e.g., Hagmeier and Stults 1964, Simpson 1964, Hagmeier 1966, Wilson 1 ...
... contributed substantially to understanding the latitudinal gradient in diversity and the mechanisms that may give rise to it. Although initial studies detailing latitudinal gradients in mammalian richness focused on North America (e.g., Hagmeier and Stults 1964, Simpson 1964, Hagmeier 1966, Wilson 1 ...
House mouse Scientific name: Mus musculus
... Impact on natural ecosystem processes (0‐10) If seabirds densities are reduced, nitrogenous fertilization will decrease, resulting in lower productivity (Croll et al. 2005, Fukami et al. 2006). Nutrient cycling and mineralization processes could change if food webs are altered, particularly if s ...
... Impact on natural ecosystem processes (0‐10) If seabirds densities are reduced, nitrogenous fertilization will decrease, resulting in lower productivity (Croll et al. 2005, Fukami et al. 2006). Nutrient cycling and mineralization processes could change if food webs are altered, particularly if s ...
Ecosystem resistance to invasion and the role of
... (Lonsdale, 1999). Here we examine our knowledge of how these factors affect the success of non-indigenous plant species in California's Mediterranean ecosystems focusing largely on plant invasions since plants are the focus of our individual research. Our major goal is to review empirical evidence a ...
... (Lonsdale, 1999). Here we examine our knowledge of how these factors affect the success of non-indigenous plant species in California's Mediterranean ecosystems focusing largely on plant invasions since plants are the focus of our individual research. Our major goal is to review empirical evidence a ...
SudingMS_final_1007_RYS
... Werner 1983) and for functional traits (Goldberg 1990), it has been applied to ecosystem Although we discuss functional classification in terms of species and the grouping of species, it also applies to groupings at other levels of organization, such as genotypes or phenotypes of individuals acclima ...
... Werner 1983) and for functional traits (Goldberg 1990), it has been applied to ecosystem Although we discuss functional classification in terms of species and the grouping of species, it also applies to groupings at other levels of organization, such as genotypes or phenotypes of individuals acclima ...
Frog eat frog: exploring variables influencing
... item in frog populations. However, when frogs did eat other anurans, the mean proportion of amphibian prey was only 2.9% of total prey items (max. 18.5%). Our initial analyses revealed a significant effect of superfamily on predation of anurans, whereby members of Ranoidea and Pipoidea were signific ...
... item in frog populations. However, when frogs did eat other anurans, the mean proportion of amphibian prey was only 2.9% of total prey items (max. 18.5%). Our initial analyses revealed a significant effect of superfamily on predation of anurans, whereby members of Ranoidea and Pipoidea were signific ...
Document
... Ecosystem Diversity • Human activity is reducing ecosystem diversity, the variety of ecosystems in the biosphere • More than 50% of wetlands in the contiguous United States have been drained and converted to other ecosystems ...
... Ecosystem Diversity • Human activity is reducing ecosystem diversity, the variety of ecosystems in the biosphere • More than 50% of wetlands in the contiguous United States have been drained and converted to other ecosystems ...
Marine Ecology Progress Series 209:275
... each of 3 strata ranging from alongside subtidal water to the terrestrial edge of the marsh (413 m from subtidal water at Meldale, 201 m at Theodolite). These distance strata were used purely to ensure sites were placed at a range of distances onto the marsh and were not used as a treatment in data ...
... each of 3 strata ranging from alongside subtidal water to the terrestrial edge of the marsh (413 m from subtidal water at Meldale, 201 m at Theodolite). These distance strata were used purely to ensure sites were placed at a range of distances onto the marsh and were not used as a treatment in data ...
habitat loss, trophic collapse, and the decline of ecosystem services
... We have used the list of ecosystem goods and services developed by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment as the basis of our list of services provided by different natural and human-modified ecosystems (Table 1; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2003). We have then classified the response of ecosystem ser ...
... We have used the list of ecosystem goods and services developed by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment as the basis of our list of services provided by different natural and human-modified ecosystems (Table 1; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2003). We have then classified the response of ecosystem ser ...
Mutualism, Facilitation, and the Structure of Ecological Communities
... between organisms that benefit at least one of the participants and cause harm to neither. Such interactions are considered “mutualisms” when both species derive benefit from the interaction. Positive interactions are ubiquitous: They may lie at the root of such diverse evolutionary phenomena as the ...
... between organisms that benefit at least one of the participants and cause harm to neither. Such interactions are considered “mutualisms” when both species derive benefit from the interaction. Positive interactions are ubiquitous: They may lie at the root of such diverse evolutionary phenomena as the ...
Appendix_GCB-formatted
... (Schoener, 2009). Instead of describing population growth variation in response to environmental variation, this resource-utilization niche describes the frequency distribution of resource use along each niche axis and directly quantifies the intensity of competition from the overlap of resource uti ...
... (Schoener, 2009). Instead of describing population growth variation in response to environmental variation, this resource-utilization niche describes the frequency distribution of resource use along each niche axis and directly quantifies the intensity of competition from the overlap of resource uti ...
A species-based theory of insular zoogeography
... 2 The model assumes that insular community structure is dynamic in ecological time. Immigration and extinction of focal species is assumed to be recurrent, but the model does not assume a balance, or equilibrium, of these processes. 3 The model is primarily phenomenological. It requires very little ...
... 2 The model assumes that insular community structure is dynamic in ecological time. Immigration and extinction of focal species is assumed to be recurrent, but the model does not assume a balance, or equilibrium, of these processes. 3 The model is primarily phenomenological. It requires very little ...
Habitat selection as a major resource partitioning mechanism
... species assemblages arising from non!deterministic processes[ Together with the obser! vation that insectivorous bats readily exploit patchy\ often unlimited trophic resources\ this has even led to the claim that partitioning of niche space may be absent[ However\ the paucity of data on resource exp ...
... species assemblages arising from non!deterministic processes[ Together with the obser! vation that insectivorous bats readily exploit patchy\ often unlimited trophic resources\ this has even led to the claim that partitioning of niche space may be absent[ However\ the paucity of data on resource exp ...
NotesChapter7
... Mechanisms of Chance Extinction in Metapopulations Extinction of a metapopulation is certain if, in the long term, the local population extinction rate exceeds the rate at which new populations are established (Barbault & Sastrapradja 1995, Pullin 2002). Local population extinction mechanisms are th ...
... Mechanisms of Chance Extinction in Metapopulations Extinction of a metapopulation is certain if, in the long term, the local population extinction rate exceeds the rate at which new populations are established (Barbault & Sastrapradja 1995, Pullin 2002). Local population extinction mechanisms are th ...
NotesChapter7
... survey, may be done from the air as shown in the pictures. Demographic studies follow known/‘marked’ individuals through their life cycle. Individuals of all ages and sizes must be included in such studies. These studies provide the most comprehensive information and may suggest management actions t ...
... survey, may be done from the air as shown in the pictures. Demographic studies follow known/‘marked’ individuals through their life cycle. Individuals of all ages and sizes must be included in such studies. These studies provide the most comprehensive information and may suggest management actions t ...
The Southern Blue Ridge
... on lower slopes and in protected coves and ravines at low to mid-elevations. Here, mesophytic tree species like tulip poplar, eastern hemlock, sugar maple, American basswood, yellow buckeye, and white and red oaks dominate the canopy with white pine growing in areas containing more coarse textured s ...
... on lower slopes and in protected coves and ravines at low to mid-elevations. Here, mesophytic tree species like tulip poplar, eastern hemlock, sugar maple, American basswood, yellow buckeye, and white and red oaks dominate the canopy with white pine growing in areas containing more coarse textured s ...
How fast do migratory songbirds have to adapt to keep pace with
... Although most types of land-cover change in the United States have averaged 0.3–0.6 %/year over the last quarter of the 20th century (1973–2000; Sleeter et al. 2013), such seemingly low rates of change add up over time and can have cumulative impacts that may not be evident until a threshold has bee ...
... Although most types of land-cover change in the United States have averaged 0.3–0.6 %/year over the last quarter of the 20th century (1973–2000; Sleeter et al. 2013), such seemingly low rates of change add up over time and can have cumulative impacts that may not be evident until a threshold has bee ...
Reintroduction of Eurasian beaver to Scotland
... Scotland, as it became extinct due to human persecution and anthropogenic habitat loss and that reintroduction is a positive method in which to address this historic extinction. It is worth considering that had a small population of native Eurasian beavers managed to survive in Scotland to date, the ...
... Scotland, as it became extinct due to human persecution and anthropogenic habitat loss and that reintroduction is a positive method in which to address this historic extinction. It is worth considering that had a small population of native Eurasian beavers managed to survive in Scotland to date, the ...
Ecosystem ecology - energy flux
... Also AET is bound to be greater the more plant leaf area there is, as large leaves increase chances of water being transpired or evaporated rather than reaching the soil. In addition, NPP will be greatest in communities with large leaf areas. NPP and AET are not strictly independent variables – both ...
... Also AET is bound to be greater the more plant leaf area there is, as large leaves increase chances of water being transpired or evaporated rather than reaching the soil. In addition, NPP will be greatest in communities with large leaf areas. NPP and AET are not strictly independent variables – both ...
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project
The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, originally called the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project is a large-scale ecological experiment looking at the effects of habitat fragmentation on tropical rainforest; it is one of the most expensive biology experiments ever run. The experiment, which was established in 1979 is located near Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon. The project is jointly managed by the Smithsonian Institution and INPA, the Brazilian Institute for Research in the Amazon.The project was initiated in 1979 by Thomas Lovejoy to investigate the SLOSS debate. Initially named the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project, the project created forest fragments of sizes 1 hectare (2 acres), 10 hectares (25 acres), and 100 hectares (247 acres). Data were collected prior to the creation of the fragments and studies of the effects of fragmentation now exceed 25 years.As of October 2010 562 publications and 143 graduate dissertations and theses had emerged from the project.