The Caucasus Hotspot Briefing Book
... WWF Caucasus Programme Office (WWF Caucasus). More than 130 experts from the six countries participated in preparation of the Caucasus ecosystem profile representing a variety of scientific, governmental and nongovernmental organizations. During the six months of the project, data on biodiversity, s ...
... WWF Caucasus Programme Office (WWF Caucasus). More than 130 experts from the six countries participated in preparation of the Caucasus ecosystem profile representing a variety of scientific, governmental and nongovernmental organizations. During the six months of the project, data on biodiversity, s ...
Functioning of mycorrhizas along the mutualism
... Benefits from mycorrhizas are traditionally recognized as improved access to limiting soil resources, most notably immobile nutrients (e.g. P, Cu, Zn, and ammonium), but also organic C in the case of orchids and monotropoids. The nutritional benefits of mycorrhizas can be significant. For example, M ...
... Benefits from mycorrhizas are traditionally recognized as improved access to limiting soil resources, most notably immobile nutrients (e.g. P, Cu, Zn, and ammonium), but also organic C in the case of orchids and monotropoids. The nutritional benefits of mycorrhizas can be significant. For example, M ...
References - Delta REvision
... year’s scenario of a large portion of delta smelt spawning directly in front of the export facilities and the lack of outflow to move delta smelt westward toward Suisun Bay elevated concerns to a high level. In 1997, the CVP/SWP delta smelt salvage increased dramatically during May as young-of-the- ...
... year’s scenario of a large portion of delta smelt spawning directly in front of the export facilities and the lack of outflow to move delta smelt westward toward Suisun Bay elevated concerns to a high level. In 1997, the CVP/SWP delta smelt salvage increased dramatically during May as young-of-the- ...
The effect of intra- and interspecific competition on coexistence in
... For two competing species, intraspecific competition must exceed interspecific competition for coexistence. To generalize this well-known criterion to multiple competing species, one must take into account both the distribution of interaction strengths and community structure. Here we derive a multi ...
... For two competing species, intraspecific competition must exceed interspecific competition for coexistence. To generalize this well-known criterion to multiple competing species, one must take into account both the distribution of interaction strengths and community structure. Here we derive a multi ...
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... This review is a product of the Livestock Environmental Assessment and Performance (LEAP) Partnership. The initial objective of this review was to provide the members LEAP Technical Advisory Group (TAG) on biodiversity with a common ground of knowledge on the main biodiversity indicators and assessm ...
... This review is a product of the Livestock Environmental Assessment and Performance (LEAP) Partnership. The initial objective of this review was to provide the members LEAP Technical Advisory Group (TAG) on biodiversity with a common ground of knowledge on the main biodiversity indicators and assessm ...
Scrub management for threatened and endangered species
... habitat, thereby reducing the impacts of fragmentation. These actions will permit more effective management at the landscape level. Activities that interrupt TES populations and the natural processes that sustain them should also be avoided, or an alternative location for the activity should be soug ...
... habitat, thereby reducing the impacts of fragmentation. These actions will permit more effective management at the landscape level. Activities that interrupt TES populations and the natural processes that sustain them should also be avoided, or an alternative location for the activity should be soug ...
Insects on Individual Plants - Wageningen UR E
... shape of flowers, can guide herbivores to the host plant for oviposition or feeding. Morphological structures, such as spines, trichomes, or thorns on the plant surface can act as mechanical defences against herbivores, by preventing them to consume plant tissues, inhibit colonization, or hamper mov ...
... shape of flowers, can guide herbivores to the host plant for oviposition or feeding. Morphological structures, such as spines, trichomes, or thorns on the plant surface can act as mechanical defences against herbivores, by preventing them to consume plant tissues, inhibit colonization, or hamper mov ...
Economic Valuation of Ecosystem Services Provided by Oyster Reefs
... oyster reef can greatly influence the provision of its ecosystem services. For instance, Grabowski and colleagues (2005) found that oyster reefs located on mud flats augmented juvenile fish abundances, whereas oyster reefs at the edges of salt marsh and seagrass habitat had no effect on juvenile fis ...
... oyster reef can greatly influence the provision of its ecosystem services. For instance, Grabowski and colleagues (2005) found that oyster reefs located on mud flats augmented juvenile fish abundances, whereas oyster reefs at the edges of salt marsh and seagrass habitat had no effect on juvenile fis ...
Effects of productivity, disturbance, and ecosystem size on food
... where the subscripts i = 1, 2, and 3 represent the basal resource, the IG-prey, and the IG-predator, respectively. To reiterate, the above model assumes that the realized numbers of propagules emanating from patches, and the establishment probabilities within patches, depend only on species identity ...
... where the subscripts i = 1, 2, and 3 represent the basal resource, the IG-prey, and the IG-predator, respectively. To reiterate, the above model assumes that the realized numbers of propagules emanating from patches, and the establishment probabilities within patches, depend only on species identity ...
Coastal Systems - Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
... zones are growing and because such zones are the downstream recipients of negative impacts of land use. Worldwide, human activities have increased sediment flows in rivers by about 20%, but reservoirs and water diversions prevent about 30% of sediments from reaching the oceans, resulting in a net re ...
... zones are growing and because such zones are the downstream recipients of negative impacts of land use. Worldwide, human activities have increased sediment flows in rivers by about 20%, but reservoirs and water diversions prevent about 30% of sediments from reaching the oceans, resulting in a net re ...
andrés meynard pontificia universidad católica de
... Figure 4. Restricted (specialized) use of one or a few host-plants or habitats, or ubiquitous (generalized) use of several host-plants or habitats types. ......................................................12 Figure 6. High ecological versatility of a generalist herbivore related to an even and po ...
... Figure 4. Restricted (specialized) use of one or a few host-plants or habitats, or ubiquitous (generalized) use of several host-plants or habitats types. ......................................................12 Figure 6. High ecological versatility of a generalist herbivore related to an even and po ...
Napa River Basin Limiting Factors Analysis FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT
... mainstem sites over two dry seasons and one wet season; and 5) Late dry-season surface flow was described at 148 sites throughout the watershed. We also compiled and extended previously collected fish passage barrier data, conducted a pilot study to examine juvenile steelhead growth during the summe ...
... mainstem sites over two dry seasons and one wet season; and 5) Late dry-season surface flow was described at 148 sites throughout the watershed. We also compiled and extended previously collected fish passage barrier data, conducted a pilot study to examine juvenile steelhead growth during the summe ...
Contemporary Criticisms of the Received
... American-style national park in which “man himself is a visitor who does not remain” (Harmon 1998) Thus, he couldn’t have the Ik remaining there, where they had happily, successfully, sustainably and humanly lived as gatherer-hunters from time immemorial. The Ik seem literally to have abandoned thei ...
... American-style national park in which “man himself is a visitor who does not remain” (Harmon 1998) Thus, he couldn’t have the Ik remaining there, where they had happily, successfully, sustainably and humanly lived as gatherer-hunters from time immemorial. The Ik seem literally to have abandoned thei ...
Review of information, policy and legislation on species translocation
... 3.14 Discussion on introduction of non-native organisms.....................................160 3.14.1 Perceptions of non-native species in the UK .....................................160 3.14.2 Assessing the potential for invasion and spread of alien species.......161 3.14.3 Negative effects of int ...
... 3.14 Discussion on introduction of non-native organisms.....................................160 3.14.1 Perceptions of non-native species in the UK .....................................160 3.14.2 Assessing the potential for invasion and spread of alien species.......161 3.14.3 Negative effects of int ...
report here - Positive Aquaculture Awareness
... Alaska may have a lot to do with the low population density near productive watersheds (Adkison and Finney 2003), although the more favourable ocean conditions there may also be very important. The main argument made by Lackey is not a popular one. It’s this: every one of the threats that will be di ...
... Alaska may have a lot to do with the low population density near productive watersheds (Adkison and Finney 2003), although the more favourable ocean conditions there may also be very important. The main argument made by Lackey is not a popular one. It’s this: every one of the threats that will be di ...
bc grasslands stewardship guide.indd
... Despite their diversity, grasslands are not limitless and are in fact very fragile. They cannot accommodate endless growth and change. Whether we are cattle ranchers, week-end hikers, hunters or anglers, it makes sense for all of us to cooperate, to plan for and together achieve the best possible fu ...
... Despite their diversity, grasslands are not limitless and are in fact very fragile. They cannot accommodate endless growth and change. Whether we are cattle ranchers, week-end hikers, hunters or anglers, it makes sense for all of us to cooperate, to plan for and together achieve the best possible fu ...
Gopherus agassizii - Desert Tortoise Council
... 1973 (ESA 1973, as amended) in 1990 because of population declines, habitat alteration, and habitat loss (USFWS 1990). Population declines have continued in four of five recovery areas range-wide; the estimated decline was 32% for desert tortoises of breeding size between 2004 and 2014 in all recove ...
... 1973 (ESA 1973, as amended) in 1990 because of population declines, habitat alteration, and habitat loss (USFWS 1990). Population declines have continued in four of five recovery areas range-wide; the estimated decline was 32% for desert tortoises of breeding size between 2004 and 2014 in all recove ...
The Ecology and Silviculture of Bigleaf Maple
... samara – mm long and is dispersed by wind in the autumn months, but some can remain on the trees until late winter. Provided there is adequate moisture during the growing season, seeds that are viable germinate in the first year on either mineral or organic seedbeds. The most successful establis ...
... samara – mm long and is dispersed by wind in the autumn months, but some can remain on the trees until late winter. Provided there is adequate moisture during the growing season, seeds that are viable germinate in the first year on either mineral or organic seedbeds. The most successful establis ...
Enhancing and Restoring Habitat for the Desert Tortoise
... 1973 (ESA 1973, as amended) in 1990 because of population declines, habitat alteration, and habitat loss (USFWS 1990). Population declines have continued in four of five recovery areas range-wide; the estimated decline was 32% for desert tortoises of breeding size between 2004 and 2014 in all recove ...
... 1973 (ESA 1973, as amended) in 1990 because of population declines, habitat alteration, and habitat loss (USFWS 1990). Population declines have continued in four of five recovery areas range-wide; the estimated decline was 32% for desert tortoises of breeding size between 2004 and 2014 in all recove ...
Experimental demonstration of a trophic cascade in the Gal#_#
... establish casual links in the field, the ability to make strong inferences about trophic cascades and the mechanisms controlling primary producers in tropical–subtropical regions is limited. Similarly limiting is the fact that efforts to build synthetic trophic cascade theory for diverse food webs h ...
... establish casual links in the field, the ability to make strong inferences about trophic cascades and the mechanisms controlling primary producers in tropical–subtropical regions is limited. Similarly limiting is the fact that efforts to build synthetic trophic cascade theory for diverse food webs h ...
Influence of nymphal Anax imperator (Odonata
... (1) control (no Anax); (2) free Anax (Anax was not constrained); and (3) caged Anax (Anax, enclosed within a cage, could not consume prey outside the cages, but could possibly influence them via perceived risk of predation). Fewer egg rafts of the mosquito Culiseta longiareolata were found in the fr ...
... (1) control (no Anax); (2) free Anax (Anax was not constrained); and (3) caged Anax (Anax, enclosed within a cage, could not consume prey outside the cages, but could possibly influence them via perceived risk of predation). Fewer egg rafts of the mosquito Culiseta longiareolata were found in the fr ...
Pelagic Organism Decline Progress Report: 2007 Synthesis of Results
... 4. Bottom-up. The importance of co-occurrence of fish with food continues to be a key area of interest. Much of this discussion focuses on food resources for delta smelt. Overall, total biomass of zooplankton has not changed substantially in delta smelt summer habitat; however species composition ha ...
... 4. Bottom-up. The importance of co-occurrence of fish with food continues to be a key area of interest. Much of this discussion focuses on food resources for delta smelt. Overall, total biomass of zooplankton has not changed substantially in delta smelt summer habitat; however species composition ha ...
Ecological Entomology - University of Denver
... Abstract. 1. The bottom-up factors that determine parasitoid host use are an important area of research in insect ecology. Host size is likely to be a primary cue for foraging parasitoids due to its potential influence on offspring development time, the risk of multiparasitism, and host immunocompet ...
... Abstract. 1. The bottom-up factors that determine parasitoid host use are an important area of research in insect ecology. Host size is likely to be a primary cue for foraging parasitoids due to its potential influence on offspring development time, the risk of multiparasitism, and host immunocompet ...
Micro-organisms behind the pollination scenes
... et al., 2009; Belisle et al., 2012). Among other short-term effects (e.g. Wiens et al., 2008; Herrera and Pozo, 2010), yeasts can substantially alter the composition and concentration of sugars and amino acids in floral nectar (Herrera et al., 2008; de Vega et al., 2009; Peay et al., 2012; de Vega a ...
... et al., 2009; Belisle et al., 2012). Among other short-term effects (e.g. Wiens et al., 2008; Herrera and Pozo, 2010), yeasts can substantially alter the composition and concentration of sugars and amino acids in floral nectar (Herrera et al., 2008; de Vega et al., 2009; Peay et al., 2012; de Vega a ...
The freshwater crayfish
... re-establish some important habitats that make up part of the peculiar eco-system of transition between alpine and submediterranean zones that characterizes this protected area; to favour conservation of some of the biological communities in the two SCIs; and to enhance the function of the SCIs as e ...
... re-establish some important habitats that make up part of the peculiar eco-system of transition between alpine and submediterranean zones that characterizes this protected area; to favour conservation of some of the biological communities in the two SCIs; and to enhance the function of the SCIs as e ...
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project
The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, originally called the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project is a large-scale ecological experiment looking at the effects of habitat fragmentation on tropical rainforest; it is one of the most expensive biology experiments ever run. The experiment, which was established in 1979 is located near Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon. The project is jointly managed by the Smithsonian Institution and INPA, the Brazilian Institute for Research in the Amazon.The project was initiated in 1979 by Thomas Lovejoy to investigate the SLOSS debate. Initially named the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project, the project created forest fragments of sizes 1 hectare (2 acres), 10 hectares (25 acres), and 100 hectares (247 acres). Data were collected prior to the creation of the fragments and studies of the effects of fragmentation now exceed 25 years.As of October 2010 562 publications and 143 graduate dissertations and theses had emerged from the project.