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Macro economics 101
... Infant industry argument – domestic firms claim they need protection from foreign competition. This can lead to tariffs and other trade restrictions. Most economists believe poor countries are better off pursuing outwardoriented policies that integrate these countries into the rest of the world econ ...
... Infant industry argument – domestic firms claim they need protection from foreign competition. This can lead to tariffs and other trade restrictions. Most economists believe poor countries are better off pursuing outwardoriented policies that integrate these countries into the rest of the world econ ...
Ulrika Wienecke - Banco Central do Brasil
... correlated with actual rate decisions as a result of the flexible arrangement with forwardlooking biases. In this way, monetary policy is predictable and paves the way for an increasingly stable political and economic environment. ...
... correlated with actual rate decisions as a result of the flexible arrangement with forwardlooking biases. In this way, monetary policy is predictable and paves the way for an increasingly stable political and economic environment. ...
Optimal Reserves in Financially Closed Economies
... is the appropriate level of international reserves for a small open economy (IMF, 2011, 2013, 2015). In this paper we study this question in the context of a model where reserves play a very simple and basic role of precautionary savings against current account shocks. We study the pure case of an e ...
... is the appropriate level of international reserves for a small open economy (IMF, 2011, 2013, 2015). In this paper we study this question in the context of a model where reserves play a very simple and basic role of precautionary savings against current account shocks. We study the pure case of an e ...
Open-Economy Macroeconomics: Basic Concepts
... 1. Which of the following statements about a country with a trade deficit is not true? A. exports < imports B. net capital outflow < 0 ...
... 1. Which of the following statements about a country with a trade deficit is not true? A. exports < imports B. net capital outflow < 0 ...
Section 5 REVIEW Saving-Investment Identity (Remember: One
... services rather than for their own consumption Your employer exchanges dollars for an hour of your labor. You exchange those dollars for a grocer’s pound of apples. Unit of Account: a measure used to set prices and make economic calculations Units of currency (dollars, euro, yen, etc.) measure t ...
... services rather than for their own consumption Your employer exchanges dollars for an hour of your labor. You exchange those dollars for a grocer’s pound of apples. Unit of Account: a measure used to set prices and make economic calculations Units of currency (dollars, euro, yen, etc.) measure t ...
EU-China Collaboration in the Reform of the International Monetary
... rates on US debt and thus fostered over-consumption and over-indebtedness. To avoid a repeat of this mechanism, the proposed solution is to encourage countries like China to let its currency float freely so that the appropriate market equilibrium can be found and a rebalancing of the global economy ...
... rates on US debt and thus fostered over-consumption and over-indebtedness. To avoid a repeat of this mechanism, the proposed solution is to encourage countries like China to let its currency float freely so that the appropriate market equilibrium can be found and a rebalancing of the global economy ...
Monetary Policy Strategy
... • Weak linkage between reserves and spending results in variation in demand for reserves not related to changes in spending • In this case, automatic changes in interest rates would not allow the Fed to stabilize the economy • Under these conditions, the Fed has concluded it is better to target the ...
... • Weak linkage between reserves and spending results in variation in demand for reserves not related to changes in spending • In this case, automatic changes in interest rates would not allow the Fed to stabilize the economy • Under these conditions, the Fed has concluded it is better to target the ...
Exchange Rate - Makerere University
... The Bank of Uganda should initiate a joint effort between the Bank and the Uganda Bureau of Statistics to compile a Construction Index and to make the Index of Industrial Production timelier than it currently is. The Bank of Uganda should initiate a joint effort between the Bank, the National Social ...
... The Bank of Uganda should initiate a joint effort between the Bank and the Uganda Bureau of Statistics to compile a Construction Index and to make the Index of Industrial Production timelier than it currently is. The Bank of Uganda should initiate a joint effort between the Bank, the National Social ...
Ch. 21
... 3. Automatic rule, avoids time-consistency 4. Easy to understand: “sound currency” as rallying cry 5. Helps economic integration 6. Successful in reducing France, UK, Mexico © 2004 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved ...
... 3. Automatic rule, avoids time-consistency 4. Easy to understand: “sound currency” as rallying cry 5. Helps economic integration 6. Successful in reducing France, UK, Mexico © 2004 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved ...
why can`t we afford counter
... • Currently, rules relate to deficits and spending • Nothing is geared to monitor the risks involved in the debt structure • Alternative: target a risk-weighted level of debt – Risk weights should reflect the pro-cyclicality and volatility of debt service – Allows the political system to internalize ...
... • Currently, rules relate to deficits and spending • Nothing is geared to monitor the risks involved in the debt structure • Alternative: target a risk-weighted level of debt – Risk weights should reflect the pro-cyclicality and volatility of debt service – Allows the political system to internalize ...
Exchange Rates and External Adjustment: Does Financial Globalization Matter? Philip R. Lane
... Most recently, the U.S. current account deficits in 2002-2004 have been largely offset by the substantial net capital gains generated by the weakening of the dollar during this period (see Figures 4 and 6). Since Europe is a favored destination for American investors, the depreciation of the dollar ...
... Most recently, the U.S. current account deficits in 2002-2004 have been largely offset by the substantial net capital gains generated by the weakening of the dollar during this period (see Figures 4 and 6). Since Europe is a favored destination for American investors, the depreciation of the dollar ...
Economics 101
... 9. C. Selling securities will decrease the money supply. The amount is equal to -5/.16=-31.25. 10. A. A classic example of the time value of money. The promise will worth less than $2000. So B and E are incorrect. If the interest rate is higher, or the time to maturity is longer, the promise will wo ...
... 9. C. Selling securities will decrease the money supply. The amount is equal to -5/.16=-31.25. 10. A. A classic example of the time value of money. The promise will worth less than $2000. So B and E are incorrect. If the interest rate is higher, or the time to maturity is longer, the promise will wo ...
Federal Reserve Monetary Policy
... The Federal Reserve’s monetary policy objective is to promote economic growth and high employment by maintaining stability in prices, interest rates, financial markets, and foreign-exchange rates. Tools of monetary policy and Interest Rates The Fed can't control inflation or influence output and emp ...
... The Federal Reserve’s monetary policy objective is to promote economic growth and high employment by maintaining stability in prices, interest rates, financial markets, and foreign-exchange rates. Tools of monetary policy and Interest Rates The Fed can't control inflation or influence output and emp ...
Economics for business
... ■ How can the source of growth in the supply of money be identified? In order to control this growth, the monetary authorities need to know where it’s occurring. Which factor is more significant: excessive government borrowing that injects liquid assets into the financial system, or the ability of b ...
... ■ How can the source of growth in the supply of money be identified? In order to control this growth, the monetary authorities need to know where it’s occurring. Which factor is more significant: excessive government borrowing that injects liquid assets into the financial system, or the ability of b ...
Should Mexico Adopt the US Dollar? A Preliminary Index
... of lenders’ deposits and transactions. From this perspective, it would be desirable to make a thorough evaluation of investment finance in Mexico. Finally, a third alternative would be for domestic banks to elaborate private insurance schemes (see the experience of Argentina). Alternative lenders of ...
... of lenders’ deposits and transactions. From this perspective, it would be desirable to make a thorough evaluation of investment finance in Mexico. Finally, a third alternative would be for domestic banks to elaborate private insurance schemes (see the experience of Argentina). Alternative lenders of ...
Macroeconomic Adjustment, Growth and Development Small, Poor
... Clive Y. Thomas is Professor of Economics, and Director, Institute of Development Studies, University of Guyana. He was the second Coordinator of the Regional Programme of Monetary Studies, now the CCMS, and has held visiting positions at Universities in North America, Britain, Mrica and the Caribbe ...
... Clive Y. Thomas is Professor of Economics, and Director, Institute of Development Studies, University of Guyana. He was the second Coordinator of the Regional Programme of Monetary Studies, now the CCMS, and has held visiting positions at Universities in North America, Britain, Mrica and the Caribbe ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the... of Economic Research
... disastrous in the end was a sharp deterioration between 1975 and 1977 in the ability to service the new liabilities: the debt-service ratio quadrupled in two years from 70 percent to an incredible 290 percent. This was partly the consequence of the anti-export bias of the growth policies of the peri ...
... disastrous in the end was a sharp deterioration between 1975 and 1977 in the ability to service the new liabilities: the debt-service ratio quadrupled in two years from 70 percent to an incredible 290 percent. This was partly the consequence of the anti-export bias of the growth policies of the peri ...
PPT
... fixed capital? • If this is by a rule of thumb, change the thumb size slightly to convert this to capital services • See below for range of assets covered ...
... fixed capital? • If this is by a rule of thumb, change the thumb size slightly to convert this to capital services • See below for range of assets covered ...
MONETARY AND EXCHANGE RATE POLICIES IN COLOMBIA
... “The only way [the FED and the Bank of England] affect inflation is by changing the amount of high-powered money…… The difference between the two approaches is in the way they choose to describe their operations to the public, not in the actual operating procedures”. Milton Friedman (2002) “Intervi ...
... “The only way [the FED and the Bank of England] affect inflation is by changing the amount of high-powered money…… The difference between the two approaches is in the way they choose to describe their operations to the public, not in the actual operating procedures”. Milton Friedman (2002) “Intervi ...
April 19, 2001 - Questions
... Assume that the value of GDP in a country is $100,000. You learn the following two facts about transactions with other countries: (a) the value of investment income paid from this country to non-residents is $10,000; (b) the value of investment income paid from other countries to residents of this c ...
... Assume that the value of GDP in a country is $100,000. You learn the following two facts about transactions with other countries: (a) the value of investment income paid from this country to non-residents is $10,000; (b) the value of investment income paid from other countries to residents of this c ...
method or the
... Uses of the balance sheets • Distribution of credit by all the lender and borrower sectors and by type of financial instrument – last data available is for 2004. Based on the latest complete balance sheet a similar but partial matrix is prepared by the Central Bank to have an up-to-date preliminary ...
... Uses of the balance sheets • Distribution of credit by all the lender and borrower sectors and by type of financial instrument – last data available is for 2004. Based on the latest complete balance sheet a similar but partial matrix is prepared by the Central Bank to have an up-to-date preliminary ...
Contents of the course
... changes in the price of tradeables goods relative to non tradeables. • Example : persistent overvaluation, causing industries to become uncompetitive, but capital and labour are not easily convertible into other, non tradeable sectors • -> overvaluation usually leads to unemployment and underutilisa ...
... changes in the price of tradeables goods relative to non tradeables. • Example : persistent overvaluation, causing industries to become uncompetitive, but capital and labour are not easily convertible into other, non tradeable sectors • -> overvaluation usually leads to unemployment and underutilisa ...
Foreign-exchange reserves
Foreign-exchange reserves (also called forex reserves or FX reserves) are assets held by a central bank or other monetary authority, usually in various reserve currencies, mostly the United States dollar, and to a lesser extent the euro, the pound sterling, and the Japanese yen, and used to back its liabilities—e.g., the local currency issued, and the various bank reserves deposited with the central bank by the government or by financial institutions.