BOZ READER Special 2014B
... greater trade, financial and political integration. On the domestic economy, the Minister observed that Zambia's financial markets remained shallow and did not effectively support small scale entrepreneurs in the economy who are the most dynamic creators of growth and jobs. He also intimated that to ...
... greater trade, financial and political integration. On the domestic economy, the Minister observed that Zambia's financial markets remained shallow and did not effectively support small scale entrepreneurs in the economy who are the most dynamic creators of growth and jobs. He also intimated that to ...
oecd development centre
... lower debt costs may be of utmost importance in boosting investment and future output growth on the continent. This paper aims at identifying the determinants of South African currency premia — such premia usually form an important element of debt cost in developing countries — in order to assess th ...
... lower debt costs may be of utmost importance in boosting investment and future output growth on the continent. This paper aims at identifying the determinants of South African currency premia — such premia usually form an important element of debt cost in developing countries — in order to assess th ...
The Demand for Currency Substitution.
... RS, and the two kinds of money earn rates of return RMi. It is presumed that RS > RMi > RXg.3 When the household exhausts its holdings of a medium of exchange, the cash-in-advance constraint forces it to replenish those holdings by converting some of its saving asset to the desired medium. There are ...
... RS, and the two kinds of money earn rates of return RMi. It is presumed that RS > RMi > RXg.3 When the household exhausts its holdings of a medium of exchange, the cash-in-advance constraint forces it to replenish those holdings by converting some of its saving asset to the desired medium. There are ...
the eefect of exchange rate movements on kenya`s exports to
... payments over a long period indicate that the exchange rate and domestic policies are not compatible with developments in the external sectors. Mudida (2012) assert that changes in the exchange rate can have a powerful effect on the economy, but these effects take time to show through. There are tim ...
... payments over a long period indicate that the exchange rate and domestic policies are not compatible with developments in the external sectors. Mudida (2012) assert that changes in the exchange rate can have a powerful effect on the economy, but these effects take time to show through. There are tim ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES DO EQUILIBRIUM REAL BUSINESS CYCLE THEORIES EXPLAIN POST-WAR
... shocks) had small impacts on real economic activity. ...
... shocks) had small impacts on real economic activity. ...
UIP and the Exchange Rate
... power of a given currency in terms of goods in the domestic country and in a foreign country – Nominal rates are not the same as real rates Copyright SDA Bocconi 2004 ...
... power of a given currency in terms of goods in the domestic country and in a foreign country – Nominal rates are not the same as real rates Copyright SDA Bocconi 2004 ...
Exchange Rate Developments and Fundamentals in Four
... This paper aims at assessing the suitability of exchange rate strategies and identifying possible currency misalignments since the beginning of the 1990s. An exchange rate is regarded as misaligned if its realized values continually deviate from its equilibrium trend. Strong and persistent exchange ...
... This paper aims at assessing the suitability of exchange rate strategies and identifying possible currency misalignments since the beginning of the 1990s. An exchange rate is regarded as misaligned if its realized values continually deviate from its equilibrium trend. Strong and persistent exchange ...
1This paper was written for the Festschrift volume Money, Factor
... In the environment of highly restricted capital flows of the 1960s, Mundell’s exploration of balance-of-payments crises seemed of little relevance compared to his findings regarding the stabilizing properties of fixed exchange rates. Hence, his analysis of speculative capital flows was largely ignor ...
... In the environment of highly restricted capital flows of the 1960s, Mundell’s exploration of balance-of-payments crises seemed of little relevance compared to his findings regarding the stabilizing properties of fixed exchange rates. Hence, his analysis of speculative capital flows was largely ignor ...
Transition to Market Economies in Asia
... At the same time, most Asian transitional economies were able to take advantage of their close geographical proximity to the dynamic economies of East Asia (Japan, the Asian NIES and ASEAN). The merits of this are especially apparent in China and Vietnam. After the adoption of open-door policies, Ch ...
... At the same time, most Asian transitional economies were able to take advantage of their close geographical proximity to the dynamic economies of East Asia (Japan, the Asian NIES and ASEAN). The merits of this are especially apparent in China and Vietnam. After the adoption of open-door policies, Ch ...
CAPITAL MOBILITY AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE: Are Emerging Economies Different? * By Sebastian Edwards
... nations severely controlled international capital movements. This was done through a variety of means, including taxes, administrative restrictions and outright prohibitions. It has only been in the last decade or so that serious consideration has been given to the opening of the capital account in ...
... nations severely controlled international capital movements. This was done through a variety of means, including taxes, administrative restrictions and outright prohibitions. It has only been in the last decade or so that serious consideration has been given to the opening of the capital account in ...
Comparison of regulatory capital and economic
... significantly different from the actual desirable capital level that is determined by sophisticated risk-based capital methodology. This can lead to significantly undercapitalized or overcapitalized companies if the companies’ actual capital is determined solely based on regulatory capital. There ar ...
... significantly different from the actual desirable capital level that is determined by sophisticated risk-based capital methodology. This can lead to significantly undercapitalized or overcapitalized companies if the companies’ actual capital is determined solely based on regulatory capital. There ar ...
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... below fair value. Thus we would expect that import country GDP will be negatively related to filings. It is less clear how export country GDP is related to filings. One possibility is that a weak foreign economy increases the likelihood that foreign firms will cut prices to maintain overall levels of o ...
... below fair value. Thus we would expect that import country GDP will be negatively related to filings. It is less clear how export country GDP is related to filings. One possibility is that a weak foreign economy increases the likelihood that foreign firms will cut prices to maintain overall levels of o ...
Implications of Chinese Yuan on China`s competitiveness
... Ironically, an appreciating currency, albeit a managed one, bodes well for China’s economy now as it is engineering a shift away from being led by exports to being driven by domestic consumption. A strong Renminbi will encourage more import consumption, something that the government would like to se ...
... Ironically, an appreciating currency, albeit a managed one, bodes well for China’s economy now as it is engineering a shift away from being led by exports to being driven by domestic consumption. A strong Renminbi will encourage more import consumption, something that the government would like to se ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... National Bureau of Economic Research
... of the United States, also as a percentage of GDP. The reader should recognize that this series is intended to encompass all types of assets, including stocks, bonds, bank loans, and direct foreign investment. Uncertainty about the U.S. net foreign asset position is high, however, because it is diffi5 ...
... of the United States, also as a percentage of GDP. The reader should recognize that this series is intended to encompass all types of assets, including stocks, bonds, bank loans, and direct foreign investment. Uncertainty about the U.S. net foreign asset position is high, however, because it is diffi5 ...
FORM 6-K - corporate
... This document includes forward-looking statements which include statements regarding NXP’s business strategy, financial condition, results of operations, and market data, as well as any other statements which are not historical facts. By their nature, forward-looking statements are subject to numero ...
... This document includes forward-looking statements which include statements regarding NXP’s business strategy, financial condition, results of operations, and market data, as well as any other statements which are not historical facts. By their nature, forward-looking statements are subject to numero ...
chapter 14 File
... the amount of international trade in goods and services relative to domestic trade in goods and ...
... the amount of international trade in goods and services relative to domestic trade in goods and ...
Crisis spillover effects due to strong trade and financial linkages
... Buffers in foreign reserves need to be built further, or to be maintained in countries with fixed exchange rate, in order to counter external vulnerability risks – narrowed room for countercyclical monetary policy At the current juncture, when inflation pressures in the region are building up, t ...
... Buffers in foreign reserves need to be built further, or to be maintained in countries with fixed exchange rate, in order to counter external vulnerability risks – narrowed room for countercyclical monetary policy At the current juncture, when inflation pressures in the region are building up, t ...
PDF
... in developed countries. Overshooting of agricultural prices can at least partially explain the observed agricultural-price variability. These monetary impacts and financial factors have policy implications as well. The short- and long-run impacts of monetary policy have been very important for the ...
... in developed countries. Overshooting of agricultural prices can at least partially explain the observed agricultural-price variability. These monetary impacts and financial factors have policy implications as well. The short- and long-run impacts of monetary policy have been very important for the ...
Seminar Paper No. 648 INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES WITH DIFFERENT MONETARY POLICY REGIMES by
... Mechanism (ERM) was transmitted directly to the other countries in the ERM whose currencies were pegged to the mark because their interest rates now rose in tandem with those in Germany. As pointed out in Clarida, Gali and Gertler (1997), monetary policy in countries such as France and the United Ki ...
... Mechanism (ERM) was transmitted directly to the other countries in the ERM whose currencies were pegged to the mark because their interest rates now rose in tandem with those in Germany. As pointed out in Clarida, Gali and Gertler (1997), monetary policy in countries such as France and the United Ki ...
Tilburg University Money, Fiscal Defecits and Government Debt in a
... A conflict between national fiscal authorities and the ECB arises on whether fiscal or monetary instruments should be adjusted to stabilize government debt in the EMU. Tabellini (1986) formulated a differential game on government debt stabilization between a fiscal and a monetary authority in a clos ...
... A conflict between national fiscal authorities and the ECB arises on whether fiscal or monetary instruments should be adjusted to stabilize government debt in the EMU. Tabellini (1986) formulated a differential game on government debt stabilization between a fiscal and a monetary authority in a clos ...
Asia and Pacific Preparing for Choppy Seas
... behind the productivity slowdown identified elsewhere apply to Asia as well, including sluggish investment, little impetus from trade, slowing human capital formation, reallocation of resources to less productive sectors, and the aging population. Without reforms, productivity growth will likely rem ...
... behind the productivity slowdown identified elsewhere apply to Asia as well, including sluggish investment, little impetus from trade, slowing human capital formation, reallocation of resources to less productive sectors, and the aging population. Without reforms, productivity growth will likely rem ...
Asia Pacific Regional Economic Outlook, May 9, 2017
... behind the productivity slowdown identified elsewhere apply to Asia as well, including sluggish investment, little impetus from trade, slowing human capital formation, reallocation of resources to less productive sectors, and the aging population. Without reforms, productivity growth will likely rem ...
... behind the productivity slowdown identified elsewhere apply to Asia as well, including sluggish investment, little impetus from trade, slowing human capital formation, reallocation of resources to less productive sectors, and the aging population. Without reforms, productivity growth will likely rem ...
Empirical Exchange Rate Equations for the Commodity Currencies
... does the introduction of commodity prices more broadly “fix” standard monetary empirical exchange rate models? Affirmative answers here might encourage researchers to try harder to search for corresponding real shocks to the major currencies. In addition, understanding the effects of commodity price ...
... does the introduction of commodity prices more broadly “fix” standard monetary empirical exchange rate models? Affirmative answers here might encourage researchers to try harder to search for corresponding real shocks to the major currencies. In addition, understanding the effects of commodity price ...
Political Pressure on Central Banks
... stability, aligning the Czech koruna (CZK) short-term interest rates with those on the USD and DEM. Thus, it can be argued that within the fixed-exchange rate arrangement the central bank was not actually free to pursue an independent monetary policy, so that there was no space for public discussion ...
... stability, aligning the Czech koruna (CZK) short-term interest rates with those on the USD and DEM. Thus, it can be argued that within the fixed-exchange rate arrangement the central bank was not actually free to pursue an independent monetary policy, so that there was no space for public discussion ...
Short-Term Capital, Economic Transformation, and
... So far, the empirical literature has been concerned mainly with the volatility features of short- versus longer-term capital flows. Claessens, Dooley, and Warner (1993) have been among the first to draw attention to the fact that standard balance of payments labels provide relatively little informat ...
... So far, the empirical literature has been concerned mainly with the volatility features of short- versus longer-term capital flows. Claessens, Dooley, and Warner (1993) have been among the first to draw attention to the fact that standard balance of payments labels provide relatively little informat ...
International monetary systems
International monetary systems are sets of internationally agreed rules, conventions and supporting institutions, that facilitate international trade, cross border investment and generally the reallocation of capital between nation states. They provide means of payment acceptable between buyers and sellers of different nationality, including deferred payment. To operate successfully, they need to inspire confidence, to provide sufficient liquidity for fluctuating levels of trade and to provide means by which global imbalances can be corrected. The systems can grow organically as the collective result of numerous individual agreements between international economic factors spread over several decades. Alternatively, they can arise from a single architectural vision as happened at Bretton Woods in 1944.