NBER WORKING PAPERS SERIES STABILIZATION AND POLICIES IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE:
... there are indeed some similarities between Eastern European and Latin American economic problems. The discussion concentrates on four specific areas: (1) monetary overhang and repressed inflation; (2) fiscal imbalances and inflationary pressures; (3) deindexation and inflationary inertia; and (4) th ...
... there are indeed some similarities between Eastern European and Latin American economic problems. The discussion concentrates on four specific areas: (1) monetary overhang and repressed inflation; (2) fiscal imbalances and inflationary pressures; (3) deindexation and inflationary inertia; and (4) th ...
John_Maynard_Keynes_Narrates_the_Great_Depression_Gide
... confidential reports on the state of the British and world economies, which he did from January 1930 to November 1934, at first monthly and then quarterly. These substantial reports (Keynes’s November 1931 report was twelve typed pages) show Keynes narrating the Great Depression in real time, as the ...
... confidential reports on the state of the British and world economies, which he did from January 1930 to November 1934, at first monthly and then quarterly. These substantial reports (Keynes’s November 1931 report was twelve typed pages) show Keynes narrating the Great Depression in real time, as the ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH AND CAPITAL FLOWS: Francisco J. Buera
... the idiosyncratic non-financial distortions that interfere with efficient allocation of factors across entrepreneurs. At the same time, we liberalize the goods and capital flows in and out of this economy. We assume that domestic financial frictions remain as before. We think of financial frictions ...
... the idiosyncratic non-financial distortions that interfere with efficient allocation of factors across entrepreneurs. At the same time, we liberalize the goods and capital flows in and out of this economy. We assume that domestic financial frictions remain as before. We think of financial frictions ...
CHAPTER 14—EXCHANGE-RATE ADJUSTMENTS AND THE
... a. Elasticity of demand for French exports is 0.4 while the French elasticity of demand for imports is 0.2 b. Elasticity of demand for French exports is 0.6 while the French elasticity of demand for imports is 0.4 c. Elasticity of demand for French exports is 0.5 while the French elasticity of deman ...
... a. Elasticity of demand for French exports is 0.4 while the French elasticity of demand for imports is 0.2 b. Elasticity of demand for French exports is 0.6 while the French elasticity of demand for imports is 0.4 c. Elasticity of demand for French exports is 0.5 while the French elasticity of deman ...
The Transmission of Financial Stress and Monetary Policy
... that trade and financial linkages are both important. However, the financial linkages variables tested significant more often compared to the trade linkages variables in their estimations. While Balakrishnan et al. (2009) focus on the transmission of financial stress from advanced to emerging econom ...
... that trade and financial linkages are both important. However, the financial linkages variables tested significant more often compared to the trade linkages variables in their estimations. While Balakrishnan et al. (2009) focus on the transmission of financial stress from advanced to emerging econom ...
PPP Estimates: Applications by the International
... (SDRs),8 but also largely determines its voting power in IMF decisions. On April 28, 2008, a largescale quota and voice reform was adopted by the Board of Governors of the IMF. Its aim was to make quotas more responsive to economic realities by increasing the representation of members, many of which ...
... (SDRs),8 but also largely determines its voting power in IMF decisions. On April 28, 2008, a largescale quota and voice reform was adopted by the Board of Governors of the IMF. Its aim was to make quotas more responsive to economic realities by increasing the representation of members, many of which ...
an evaluation of the contractionary devaluation
... (1978) give theoretical support to this early contractionary devaluation mechanism brought about by income distribution considerations. Lizondo and Montiel (1988) and Larrain and Sachs (1986) are in-depth explorations within this framework. ...
... (1978) give theoretical support to this early contractionary devaluation mechanism brought about by income distribution considerations. Lizondo and Montiel (1988) and Larrain and Sachs (1986) are in-depth explorations within this framework. ...
The globalisation of inflation - Bank for International Settlements
... intermediate goods and services. To measure the influence of global and domestic slack on inflation, we rely on the published estimates of Bianchi and Civelli (2015) – estimates that are in the spirit of the analysis of Borio and Filardo (2007). That recent paper provides estimates that capture grea ...
... intermediate goods and services. To measure the influence of global and domestic slack on inflation, we rely on the published estimates of Bianchi and Civelli (2015) – estimates that are in the spirit of the analysis of Borio and Filardo (2007). That recent paper provides estimates that capture grea ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES INTERNATIONAL RESERVES MANAGEMENT AND THE CURRENT ACCOUNT
... comforting factors relative to external assets and liabilities in the context of a rational balance sheet approach.” ...
... comforting factors relative to external assets and liabilities in the context of a rational balance sheet approach.” ...
How to Manage China’s Foreign Exchange Reserves? Aarhus School of Business
... However, some economists argue that the recent heavy foreign exchange accumulation, including rapidly increased speculative capital flows, has augmented risks to the country’s financial system, exacerbated inflationary pressure, created huge opportunity costs that resulted in large wealth losses wi ...
... However, some economists argue that the recent heavy foreign exchange accumulation, including rapidly increased speculative capital flows, has augmented risks to the country’s financial system, exacerbated inflationary pressure, created huge opportunity costs that resulted in large wealth losses wi ...
ch21_5e
... Any factor that moves the expected future exchange rate Et n moves the current exchange rate Et. Indeed, if the domestic interest rate and the foreign interest rate are expected to be the same in both countries from t to t+n, the fraction on the right of ...
... Any factor that moves the expected future exchange rate Et n moves the current exchange rate Et. Indeed, if the domestic interest rate and the foreign interest rate are expected to be the same in both countries from t to t+n, the fraction on the right of ...
Shockwatch Bulletin Sub-Saharan Africa`s economic downturn and
... Sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing a deterioration in financial markets including a ‘credit crunch’ in the banking sector, reduced availability and increased expense of international finance – which has been made worse by the ‘Brexit’ shock – and increased financial fragility. On-going governance pr ...
... Sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing a deterioration in financial markets including a ‘credit crunch’ in the banking sector, reduced availability and increased expense of international finance – which has been made worse by the ‘Brexit’ shock – and increased financial fragility. On-going governance pr ...
The Determinants of Pakistan`s Trade Balance
... absolute values of import and export demand price elasticities exceeds unity. However, due to lag dynamics, the structure can worsen in the short run because of the inelastic demand for imports and exports in the immediate aftermath of an exchange rate change. Recently, numerous papers have tested t ...
... absolute values of import and export demand price elasticities exceeds unity. However, due to lag dynamics, the structure can worsen in the short run because of the inelastic demand for imports and exports in the immediate aftermath of an exchange rate change. Recently, numerous papers have tested t ...
Answer Key - Department Of Economics
... d. neither a U.S. bank wanting to lend money to a Canadian company nor a U.S. firm wanting to buy ...
... d. neither a U.S. bank wanting to lend money to a Canadian company nor a U.S. firm wanting to buy ...
The labyrinth: how can Latin America and the Caribbean navigate
... is imperfect information on actual currency mismatches. Chapter 5 also includes an analysis of monetary policy arguing that the trade-offs have become harsher. In the past, the larger economies have used the exchange rate to react to negative shocks. However, with inflation close to or above targets ...
... is imperfect information on actual currency mismatches. Chapter 5 also includes an analysis of monetary policy arguing that the trade-offs have become harsher. In the past, the larger economies have used the exchange rate to react to negative shocks. However, with inflation close to or above targets ...
PDF Download
... these economic policy challenges are of particular concern for emerging economies. On the one hand, the economic development of emerging economies increasingly has global implications. On the other hand, global challenges and related international regimes necessitate adjustments in those countries. ...
... these economic policy challenges are of particular concern for emerging economies. On the one hand, the economic development of emerging economies increasingly has global implications. On the other hand, global challenges and related international regimes necessitate adjustments in those countries. ...
R e s e r v e B... Vo l u m e 6 4 ... C o n t e n t s
... Reserve Bank’s autonomy in formulating and implementing monetary policy. Although these key elements of New Zealand’s monetary policy framework were ring-fenced from the Review, the Terms of Reference did require the reviewer to examine a wide range of issues related to the operation ...
... Reserve Bank’s autonomy in formulating and implementing monetary policy. Although these key elements of New Zealand’s monetary policy framework were ring-fenced from the Review, the Terms of Reference did require the reviewer to examine a wide range of issues related to the operation ...
INTL303chpt4
... rates U.S. investors invested in German securities due to the higher ROI Slides developed by Jeff Madura, with additions and enhancements by Tim Richardson ...
... rates U.S. investors invested in German securities due to the higher ROI Slides developed by Jeff Madura, with additions and enhancements by Tim Richardson ...
M o n e t a r y ... Contents 1 May 2002
... although fragile in some respects – is now underway with Consensus Forecasts rather more optimistic than earlier in the year. The influences on inflation are not all operating in the same direction. The exchange rate has been rising and international prices for some key exports, such as dairy produc ...
... although fragile in some respects – is now underway with Consensus Forecasts rather more optimistic than earlier in the year. The influences on inflation are not all operating in the same direction. The exchange rate has been rising and international prices for some key exports, such as dairy produc ...
03/2015 The Impacts of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis most affected countries
... Although almost all developing countries experienced positive GDP growth rates during this period, it masks the vastly different growth patterns of individual economies over the last several decades. For example, countries from developing Asia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)11 exper ...
... Although almost all developing countries experienced positive GDP growth rates during this period, it masks the vastly different growth patterns of individual economies over the last several decades. For example, countries from developing Asia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)11 exper ...
THE CANADIAN DOLLAR: WHY DO SUCH BAD THINGS HAPPEN
... this four year period our strong export performance was maintained. Exports exceeded imports and grew more rapidly than GDP in each of these years while the dollar was stable. Our strong export performance is one normally associated with countries whose currencies are rising in value. Canada’s econo ...
... this four year period our strong export performance was maintained. Exports exceeded imports and grew more rapidly than GDP in each of these years while the dollar was stable. Our strong export performance is one normally associated with countries whose currencies are rising in value. Canada’s econo ...
REAL EFFECTS OF DEVALUATION IN INDEBTED AND RISKY ECONOMIES
... Developing countries are scared stiff of devaluations that inflict negative impacts on domestic economic activity. Indeed, in the last decades there are several examples where devaluations – triggered or not by currency crises – have been followed, at least in the short run, by severe losses in term ...
... Developing countries are scared stiff of devaluations that inflict negative impacts on domestic economic activity. Indeed, in the last decades there are several examples where devaluations – triggered or not by currency crises – have been followed, at least in the short run, by severe losses in term ...
International Economic Relations and Information Communication
... use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). This article argues that the countries that absorb modern information and communication technologies may be developed and function as active parts of the international economical system and part of the economic globalization process. Key words ...
... use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). This article argues that the countries that absorb modern information and communication technologies may be developed and function as active parts of the international economical system and part of the economic globalization process. Key words ...
M o n e t a r y ... Contents 1 September 2003
... New Zealand has enjoyed an extended period of strong economic growth. Signs that growth is slowing, which will reduce inflationary pressures, have led us to cut the OCR on several occasions this year, adding stimulus to the economy. Our latest assessment is that the economy is continuing to cool, al ...
... New Zealand has enjoyed an extended period of strong economic growth. Signs that growth is slowing, which will reduce inflationary pressures, have led us to cut the OCR on several occasions this year, adding stimulus to the economy. Our latest assessment is that the economy is continuing to cool, al ...
The effect of Australian cash rate target announcements
... The paper investigates the impact of unexpected monetary policy on three classes of Australian financial futures assets—ASX stock price index futures, AUD/USD exchange futures and 3- and 10-year Treasury bond futures contracts. This study contributes to the literature by using 30-day and 90-day bank ...
... The paper investigates the impact of unexpected monetary policy on three classes of Australian financial futures assets—ASX stock price index futures, AUD/USD exchange futures and 3- and 10-year Treasury bond futures contracts. This study contributes to the literature by using 30-day and 90-day bank ...
International monetary systems
International monetary systems are sets of internationally agreed rules, conventions and supporting institutions, that facilitate international trade, cross border investment and generally the reallocation of capital between nation states. They provide means of payment acceptable between buyers and sellers of different nationality, including deferred payment. To operate successfully, they need to inspire confidence, to provide sufficient liquidity for fluctuating levels of trade and to provide means by which global imbalances can be corrected. The systems can grow organically as the collective result of numerous individual agreements between international economic factors spread over several decades. Alternatively, they can arise from a single architectural vision as happened at Bretton Woods in 1944.