as a PDF
... account the inherent uncertainty in assigning value judgment about macroeconomic policies (which will be explained more clearly below). In the empirical part of this paper, we undertake a systematic examination of the relationship between international capital flows and domestic macroeconomic polici ...
... account the inherent uncertainty in assigning value judgment about macroeconomic policies (which will be explained more clearly below). In the empirical part of this paper, we undertake a systematic examination of the relationship between international capital flows and domestic macroeconomic polici ...
Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Currency
... the procedure for registering (opening) additional trading outlets and exchange offices. A document of established format -- an exchange office registration certificate -- shall be issued upon registration of an exchange office. Additionally, the following shall be established for the authorized org ...
... the procedure for registering (opening) additional trading outlets and exchange offices. A document of established format -- an exchange office registration certificate -- shall be issued upon registration of an exchange office. Additionally, the following shall be established for the authorized org ...
Setting up a Sovereign Wealth Fund: Some Policy and
... SWFs are commonly established out of balance of payments surpluses, official foreign currency operations, the proceeds of privatizations, fiscal surpluses, and/or receipts resulting from commodity exports. With a capacity to operate over a long-term investment horizon, SWFs are less risk averse comp ...
... SWFs are commonly established out of balance of payments surpluses, official foreign currency operations, the proceeds of privatizations, fiscal surpluses, and/or receipts resulting from commodity exports. With a capacity to operate over a long-term investment horizon, SWFs are less risk averse comp ...
International Monetary System
... people began to question the ability of the United States to live up to its Bretton Woods obligation. This led to the Triffin paradox: foreigners needed to increase their holdings of dollars to finance expansion of international trade, but the more dollars they owned, the less faith they had in the ...
... people began to question the ability of the United States to live up to its Bretton Woods obligation. This led to the Triffin paradox: foreigners needed to increase their holdings of dollars to finance expansion of international trade, but the more dollars they owned, the less faith they had in the ...
Farms, Fertiliser, and Financial Frictions: Yields from a DSGE Model
... need external finance to buy capital goods from domestic capital producers, so they borrow from households via financial intermediaries; the financial frictions in the model give rise to a countercyclical EFP which is the source of the financial accelerator mechanism. We adapt the GGN model to an LI ...
... need external finance to buy capital goods from domestic capital producers, so they borrow from households via financial intermediaries; the financial frictions in the model give rise to a countercyclical EFP which is the source of the financial accelerator mechanism. We adapt the GGN model to an LI ...
Sebastian Edwards
... where the lower case lettera refer to first period vatiablea and the upper caae letters refer to second period variables. has been taken to be the numotaire ...
... where the lower case lettera refer to first period vatiablea and the upper caae letters refer to second period variables. has been taken to be the numotaire ...
South Korean Financial Marketization -- A Mirror to China
... to gradually adopt market-oriented interest rate, fluctuating exchange rate regime and open capital accounts. It wasn’t until after the 1997 Asian financial crisis that South Korea turned to a “one-go” complete marketization and globalization of its financial sector. 2.2.1Market-oriented Reform of ...
... to gradually adopt market-oriented interest rate, fluctuating exchange rate regime and open capital accounts. It wasn’t until after the 1997 Asian financial crisis that South Korea turned to a “one-go” complete marketization and globalization of its financial sector. 2.2.1Market-oriented Reform of ...
Risk and Uncertainty in Macroeconomic Policymaking
... without knowing how the future will play out. Taking uncertainty into account when making macroeconomic policy allows policymakers to help improve economic outcomes. This article considers three aspects of improving outcomes for fiscal and monetary policymaking: considering risk and uncertainty in d ...
... without knowing how the future will play out. Taking uncertainty into account when making macroeconomic policy allows policymakers to help improve economic outcomes. This article considers three aspects of improving outcomes for fiscal and monetary policymaking: considering risk and uncertainty in d ...
Sample Disbursement Letter (Investment Loan)
... from devices that generate electromagnetic radiation (EMR), such as mobile phones, phone-enabled PDAs, smart phones and other similar devices. Tokens should be carried and stored separate from any EMR device. At close range (less than 5 cm), these devices can output high levels of EMR that can inter ...
... from devices that generate electromagnetic radiation (EMR), such as mobile phones, phone-enabled PDAs, smart phones and other similar devices. Tokens should be carried and stored separate from any EMR device. At close range (less than 5 cm), these devices can output high levels of EMR that can inter ...
T h e R e s e r... A R T I C L E S
... is that they are also conditional on accepting others’ views, such as The Treasury’s forecasts of the fiscal position and Consensus Economics (or earlier, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) forecasts of world growth. ...
... is that they are also conditional on accepting others’ views, such as The Treasury’s forecasts of the fiscal position and Consensus Economics (or earlier, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) forecasts of world growth. ...
Recommending a Strategy
... Quota System: Each member’s quota is based on its relative size in the world economy. Upon joining the IMF, a country normally pays up to one-quarter of its quota in the form of widely accepted foreign currencies (such as the U.S. dollar, the euro, the yen, or the pound sterling) or Special Drawing ...
... Quota System: Each member’s quota is based on its relative size in the world economy. Upon joining the IMF, a country normally pays up to one-quarter of its quota in the form of widely accepted foreign currencies (such as the U.S. dollar, the euro, the yen, or the pound sterling) or Special Drawing ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES CYCLES Michael B. Devereux
... margin as existing …rms in di¤erent sectors adjust their output in response to sectoral demand and supply conditions; or due to the changes at the extensive margin that occur due to the emergence of new …rms, or …rms reallocating across sectors. Existing literature has focused on the intensive margi ...
... margin as existing …rms in di¤erent sectors adjust their output in response to sectoral demand and supply conditions; or due to the changes at the extensive margin that occur due to the emergence of new …rms, or …rms reallocating across sectors. Existing literature has focused on the intensive margi ...
Kagiso Mangadi and Jeffrey Sheen
... hence their effects on macroeconomic variability is necessary to inform the appropriate policy response. Since these shocks can have different macroeconomic implications, the necessary policy responses are also bound to differ. The global context in which an international relative price shock occurs ...
... hence their effects on macroeconomic variability is necessary to inform the appropriate policy response. Since these shocks can have different macroeconomic implications, the necessary policy responses are also bound to differ. The global context in which an international relative price shock occurs ...
Demand for Money in the Transition Economy
... economic agents (i.e. households and firms). In the second series of channels, the asset price channel, we focus almost exclusively on asset prices, i.e. on the exchange rate, share prices1 and especially on interest rates. This channel (in an open economy) operates through the exchange rate, which ...
... economic agents (i.e. households and firms). In the second series of channels, the asset price channel, we focus almost exclusively on asset prices, i.e. on the exchange rate, share prices1 and especially on interest rates. This channel (in an open economy) operates through the exchange rate, which ...
NBER WORKING PAPERS SERIES DEVALUATION EXPECTATIONS: ThE SWEDISH KRONA 1982-1991 Hans Lindberg
... 1982, to 132. The exchange rate band was officially declared to be *1.5 percent in June ...
... 1982, to 132. The exchange rate band was officially declared to be *1.5 percent in June ...
Using monetary policy to stabilize economic activity
... In this formulation, xt is a measure of the output gap, defined as output relative to potential, it is the policy interest rate, π t is the inflation rate, and π T is the central bank’s inflation target. To allow for a non-zero steady-state rate of inflation, (2) incorporates the assumption that fir ...
... In this formulation, xt is a measure of the output gap, defined as output relative to potential, it is the policy interest rate, π t is the inflation rate, and π T is the central bank’s inflation target. To allow for a non-zero steady-state rate of inflation, (2) incorporates the assumption that fir ...
Is there a role for domestic demand pressure on
... Organization (WTO) in 2001.7 After this adjustment, exports market share remained once again relatively stable until the end of 2010. Thereafter, exports performance improved signi…cantly, with market share increasing consecutively over several quarters in an amount of almost 10 per cent. A natural ...
... Organization (WTO) in 2001.7 After this adjustment, exports market share remained once again relatively stable until the end of 2010. Thereafter, exports performance improved signi…cantly, with market share increasing consecutively over several quarters in an amount of almost 10 per cent. A natural ...
... conditions of international capital mobility. A first part looks at the traditional view of inflation and payments problems as a reflection of fiscal problems and deficit finance. From there the analysis proceeds to the macro—dynamics of inflation stabilization under alternative polciy regimes. Infl ...
Capital Controls in Brazil: Effective? by Marcos Chamon (IMF) and
... could fall in the non-taxed subset it would not incur the IOF tax. Therefore, foreign investors wanting to do carry trade could buy Non-Deliverable Forward Brazilian reals in offshore markets (where they are beyond the reach of the inflow tax), and the banks could take an offsetting position in Braz ...
... could fall in the non-taxed subset it would not incur the IOF tax. Therefore, foreign investors wanting to do carry trade could buy Non-Deliverable Forward Brazilian reals in offshore markets (where they are beyond the reach of the inflow tax), and the banks could take an offsetting position in Braz ...
Application - BSP SouthPool
... Introduction and Filing Address Borzen, organizator trga z električno energijo, d.o.o. (hereinafter referred to as “Borzen”) is competent to establish and operate the Slovenian balancing market as it’s delegated commercial public service obligation and to issue Rules for the Operation of the Sloveni ...
... Introduction and Filing Address Borzen, organizator trga z električno energijo, d.o.o. (hereinafter referred to as “Borzen”) is competent to establish and operate the Slovenian balancing market as it’s delegated commercial public service obligation and to issue Rules for the Operation of the Sloveni ...
Market Distortions and Political Rent: The Case of Fertilizer Price
... On the average, external trade accounts close to one-third of GDP in Africa and has been rising over time (UNCTAD, 2013). In some countries this ratio is substantially large, exceeding 85 percent 1. Its contribution to government revenue as well is very significant. In the political climate that pre ...
... On the average, external trade accounts close to one-third of GDP in Africa and has been rising over time (UNCTAD, 2013). In some countries this ratio is substantially large, exceeding 85 percent 1. Its contribution to government revenue as well is very significant. In the political climate that pre ...
