Analysing non-price competitiveness in euro area countries
... markets. Producers might also accumulate a knowledge-base which is useful for production without engaging in formal innovation activities. This could eventually lead to the development of high-quality and knowledge-intensive products.4 Thus, considering only formal innovation variables could lead us ...
... markets. Producers might also accumulate a knowledge-base which is useful for production without engaging in formal innovation activities. This could eventually lead to the development of high-quality and knowledge-intensive products.4 Thus, considering only formal innovation variables could lead us ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES INFLATION TARGETING IN EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES Arminio Fraga
... depreciation of the currency (e.g. Brazil in 2002 was faced with a negative swing of USD 30 billion – or 6% of GDP – in capital flows relative to an already difficult 2001 that led to a nominal depreciation of 50%). Even in a context of good initial conditions – low pass-through and 12-month forward ...
... depreciation of the currency (e.g. Brazil in 2002 was faced with a negative swing of USD 30 billion – or 6% of GDP – in capital flows relative to an already difficult 2001 that led to a nominal depreciation of 50%). Even in a context of good initial conditions – low pass-through and 12-month forward ...
Macroeconomic policies and employment in Jordan: Tackling
... At the 99th session of the International Labour Conference, constituents endorsed the need to promote a ‘pro-employment’ macroeconomic framework. It was felt that the current framework, while making an important contribution to the goal of macroeconomic stability, paid insufficient attention to the ...
... At the 99th session of the International Labour Conference, constituents endorsed the need to promote a ‘pro-employment’ macroeconomic framework. It was felt that the current framework, while making an important contribution to the goal of macroeconomic stability, paid insufficient attention to the ...
Deflation and the Czechoslovak experience
... Deflation is traditionally viewed as very dangerous and unpleasant economic feature. Currently, this topic is discussed not even in connection with Japanese economy but also with strong economies as Germany. Extensive discussion about deflation also did not avoid the euro area, including Germany and ...
... Deflation is traditionally viewed as very dangerous and unpleasant economic feature. Currently, this topic is discussed not even in connection with Japanese economy but also with strong economies as Germany. Extensive discussion about deflation also did not avoid the euro area, including Germany and ...
What Has Government Done to Our Money?
... smaller units without loss of value, some more durable over long periods of time, some more transportable over large distances. All of these advantages make for greater marketability. It is clear that in every society, ...
... smaller units without loss of value, some more durable over long periods of time, some more transportable over large distances. All of these advantages make for greater marketability. It is clear that in every society, ...
G293 - Ministry of Commerce.
... also providing an impetus for unilateral market-driven reforms, which will enable Myanmar to take advantage of these opportunities in order to achieve sustained growth and diversify its economy, which is rich in natural resources, but hitherto largely under-developed. 1.5. The single most important ...
... also providing an impetus for unilateral market-driven reforms, which will enable Myanmar to take advantage of these opportunities in order to achieve sustained growth and diversify its economy, which is rich in natural resources, but hitherto largely under-developed. 1.5. The single most important ...
The EU Enlargement to 27 and More, Challenge Faces South
... On the other hand, Hooper and Koqhlhagen (1978) found significant impact of the exchange rate uncertainty on prices but not on the volume of trade. They argue, however, that if traders are averse to risk, an increase in foreign exchange risk will reduce the volume of trade. Warner and Kreinin (1983) ...
... On the other hand, Hooper and Koqhlhagen (1978) found significant impact of the exchange rate uncertainty on prices but not on the volume of trade. They argue, however, that if traders are averse to risk, an increase in foreign exchange risk will reduce the volume of trade. Warner and Kreinin (1983) ...
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
... authorized an additional expenditure of $250,000 to repurchase shares. On January 17, 2013, the board authorized an additional expenditure of $250,000 to repurchase shares. The Company’s shares may be purchased over time, as market and business conditions warrant. There is no time restriction on th ...
... authorized an additional expenditure of $250,000 to repurchase shares. On January 17, 2013, the board authorized an additional expenditure of $250,000 to repurchase shares. The Company’s shares may be purchased over time, as market and business conditions warrant. There is no time restriction on th ...
empirical findings on triplet deficits hypothesis
... spendings also increases the interest rates in the internal economy. Due to the fact that the internal interest rate is higher than the world rate, capital flow speeds up and the value of national currency goes upwards. As a result, demand for imported goods that became cheaper because of the fall o ...
... spendings also increases the interest rates in the internal economy. Due to the fact that the internal interest rate is higher than the world rate, capital flow speeds up and the value of national currency goes upwards. As a result, demand for imported goods that became cheaper because of the fall o ...
PDF
... whether it was rich or poor as on the monetary standard of the foreign country or countries to which its transactions were linked. When it came to the distinction between specie convertibility and inconvertibility, however, domestic economic conditions came into play. In particular, there was a stro ...
... whether it was rich or poor as on the monetary standard of the foreign country or countries to which its transactions were linked. When it came to the distinction between specie convertibility and inconvertibility, however, domestic economic conditions came into play. In particular, there was a stro ...
1 United Nations
... in the foreign exchange market, and in the financial system as a whole. Large foreign exchange reserves and careful regulation of capital flows were important factors for many Asia-Pacific countries in reducing the potential disruption of capital flow volatility during the recent crisis. Nevertheles ...
... in the foreign exchange market, and in the financial system as a whole. Large foreign exchange reserves and careful regulation of capital flows were important factors for many Asia-Pacific countries in reducing the potential disruption of capital flow volatility during the recent crisis. Nevertheles ...
S0110922_en.pdf
... clauses involving the imposition of tariffs on imports from within the region, or the use of tax-subsidy instruments to manage bilateral effective real exchange rates. In 1993, the Brazilian authorities proposed the definition of real exchange rate bands; in the case of divergence due to a devaluati ...
... clauses involving the imposition of tariffs on imports from within the region, or the use of tax-subsidy instruments to manage bilateral effective real exchange rates. In 1993, the Brazilian authorities proposed the definition of real exchange rate bands; in the case of divergence due to a devaluati ...
Forecasting commodity currencies: the role of
... (MIDAS) framework, each daily observation on price fluctuations can have a different weight or impact on the end-of-month observation on the exchange rate change. The MIDAS regression is a simple, parsimonious, and flexible modeling approach that allows the variables entering a time series regressio ...
... (MIDAS) framework, each daily observation on price fluctuations can have a different weight or impact on the end-of-month observation on the exchange rate change. The MIDAS regression is a simple, parsimonious, and flexible modeling approach that allows the variables entering a time series regressio ...
View/Open
... heavily influence the production process, oil price volatility affects output and inflation (Loungani, 1986). There are six transmission channels through which oil price shocks can affect the economy: uncertainty effects; supply side shock effects; sector adjustment effects; wealth transfer effects; ...
... heavily influence the production process, oil price volatility affects output and inflation (Loungani, 1986). There are six transmission channels through which oil price shocks can affect the economy: uncertainty effects; supply side shock effects; sector adjustment effects; wealth transfer effects; ...
Stopping Three Big Inflations: Argentina, Brazil, and Peru
... Another difference is that the origins of the classical hyperinflations were clearly related to external problems: reparation payments after World War I, a significant shift in external transfers in Bolivia. In contrast, in the recent episodes domestic factors played a major role while external ones ...
... Another difference is that the origins of the classical hyperinflations were clearly related to external problems: reparation payments after World War I, a significant shift in external transfers in Bolivia. In contrast, in the recent episodes domestic factors played a major role while external ones ...
PDF version - Bank for International Settlements
... sovereign ratings assigned by Moody’s Investors Service, Standard & Poor’s (S&P) and Fitch Ratings to 28 AEs has declined from AA+ to AA–, or by two full rating notches, while the average of the similar ratings assigned to 68 EMEs has been mostly stable. That said, there is still a considerable diff ...
... sovereign ratings assigned by Moody’s Investors Service, Standard & Poor’s (S&P) and Fitch Ratings to 28 AEs has declined from AA+ to AA–, or by two full rating notches, while the average of the similar ratings assigned to 68 EMEs has been mostly stable. That said, there is still a considerable diff ...
Identifying Monetary Policy in Open Economies
... shocks with innovations in the ratio of non-borrowed reserves to total reserves in a recursive VAR model, Eichenbaum and Evans (1995) reported a persistent appreciation of the US dollar for a prolonged period of time. Using the same policy instrument in a recursive VAR approach for the US, Strongin ...
... shocks with innovations in the ratio of non-borrowed reserves to total reserves in a recursive VAR model, Eichenbaum and Evans (1995) reported a persistent appreciation of the US dollar for a prolonged period of time. Using the same policy instrument in a recursive VAR approach for the US, Strongin ...
Support for Resistance: Technical Analysis and Intraday
... predict trend interruptions is consistent with other studies of the usefulness of technical trading rules when applied to currencies. Filter rules were found to be profitable as early as 1984 (Dooley and Shafer 1984), less than a decade into the floating rate period, and this finding has been confir ...
... predict trend interruptions is consistent with other studies of the usefulness of technical trading rules when applied to currencies. Filter rules were found to be profitable as early as 1984 (Dooley and Shafer 1984), less than a decade into the floating rate period, and this finding has been confir ...
2 - Goethe-Universität
... currency => Interest parity condition Paul Bernd Spahn, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt/Main ...
... currency => Interest parity condition Paul Bernd Spahn, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt/Main ...
Singapore: Economy
... benefited from an exodus of entrepreneurs from communist China to their shores, Singapore faced a severe dearth of industrial entrepreneurs (as opposed to commercial entrepreneurs) at the early stages of its industrialization. Second, the lack of domestic savings aggravated the situation further. Th ...
... benefited from an exodus of entrepreneurs from communist China to their shores, Singapore faced a severe dearth of industrial entrepreneurs (as opposed to commercial entrepreneurs) at the early stages of its industrialization. Second, the lack of domestic savings aggravated the situation further. Th ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES MONETARY POLICY STRATEGY: HOW DID WE GET HERE?
... monetary policy. In the 1970s, inflation had risen to very high levels, with most countries, , including the United States, experiencing inflation rates in the double digits. Today, almost all nations in the world are in a low inflation environment. Of two hundred and twenty-three countries, one hun ...
... monetary policy. In the 1970s, inflation had risen to very high levels, with most countries, , including the United States, experiencing inflation rates in the double digits. Today, almost all nations in the world are in a low inflation environment. Of two hundred and twenty-three countries, one hun ...
Economic Recession and Its Impact on the Bangladesh
... market. This basically indicates that Bangladesh has been increasing its market share in the USA apparel market at the expense of competing countries, despite the recession. The above graph is showing that during recession period Bangladesh RMG sector did not face that type of problem which can crea ...
... market. This basically indicates that Bangladesh has been increasing its market share in the USA apparel market at the expense of competing countries, despite the recession. The above graph is showing that during recession period Bangladesh RMG sector did not face that type of problem which can crea ...
Luigi BONATTI, Andrea FRACASSO, "Modeling the Transition
... the US and China. Phase 2 starts when the authorities fully liberalize the capital account and let the exchange rate float. Three main findings deserve to be previewed at this stage. First, we show that the asymptotic growth rate of the Chinese economy is not affected by the choice of the capital ac ...
... the US and China. Phase 2 starts when the authorities fully liberalize the capital account and let the exchange rate float. Three main findings deserve to be previewed at this stage. First, we show that the asymptotic growth rate of the Chinese economy is not affected by the choice of the capital ac ...