A Shift Toward Capitalism?
... institutions, enterprises and local authorities will also do the planning. In local economic areas, specific indexes, except important ones like total industrial production amount and basic construction investment, can be set by local units according to their unique circumstances. The central govern ...
... institutions, enterprises and local authorities will also do the planning. In local economic areas, specific indexes, except important ones like total industrial production amount and basic construction investment, can be set by local units according to their unique circumstances. The central govern ...
EMU and FDI flows within EU selected countries.
... Dixit A. and Pyndick R.(1994) claimed that uncertainty about future returns may discourage investment. This holds for risk-averse firms, since monetary integration increases the certainty value of their expected profits, reduces the trade costs and favours vertical FDI. An implication of this is tha ...
... Dixit A. and Pyndick R.(1994) claimed that uncertainty about future returns may discourage investment. This holds for risk-averse firms, since monetary integration increases the certainty value of their expected profits, reduces the trade costs and favours vertical FDI. An implication of this is tha ...
Macroprudential policies, the long
... further financial risk taking. A central bank faced with an overvalued exchange rate and excessive or too-unstable capital inflows may therefore prefer to tighten macroprudential policies rather than increase its policy interest rate (section 3). Section 4 discusses some recent policy dilemmas in th ...
... further financial risk taking. A central bank faced with an overvalued exchange rate and excessive or too-unstable capital inflows may therefore prefer to tighten macroprudential policies rather than increase its policy interest rate (section 3). Section 4 discusses some recent policy dilemmas in th ...
ECONOMY: US GROWTH SLOWS AS ECONOMIC
... Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) for December declined and remained at a level indicating contraction. Preliminary December data for shipments of non-defense capital goods exaircraft, which feed directly through to GDP as capital expenditures, contracted 0.2%; while orders, a more forw ...
... Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) for December declined and remained at a level indicating contraction. Preliminary December data for shipments of non-defense capital goods exaircraft, which feed directly through to GDP as capital expenditures, contracted 0.2%; while orders, a more forw ...
CEPAL Review 96 - CEPAL
... policy contexts in one crucial aspect: exchangerate policy in this regime is a permanent driver of demand growth which can give rise to inflationary pressure, and it is unlikely that this stimulus can be regulated by fine-tuning exchange-rate policy. These special characteristics of the regime mean ...
... policy contexts in one crucial aspect: exchangerate policy in this regime is a permanent driver of demand growth which can give rise to inflationary pressure, and it is unlikely that this stimulus can be regulated by fine-tuning exchange-rate policy. These special characteristics of the regime mean ...
Do China and oil exporters influence major currency configurations?
... estimates is economically relevant. Calculating the cumulated effect of EME statements by year shows that statements by EME officials led to an appreciation of the euro against the US dollar by as much as 7 percentage points in 2006. This indeed seems very substantial. Nevertheless, there is strong ...
... estimates is economically relevant. Calculating the cumulated effect of EME statements by year shows that statements by EME officials led to an appreciation of the euro against the US dollar by as much as 7 percentage points in 2006. This indeed seems very substantial. Nevertheless, there is strong ...
View/Open
... on a more or less constant level with reference to the 'cruzeiro', which is of course faced with inflationary erosion, if I may say so. Therefore, at the same time three steps were taken. First, we freed all agricultural prices, some faster and others slower. For instance, meat prices were freed at ...
... on a more or less constant level with reference to the 'cruzeiro', which is of course faced with inflationary erosion, if I may say so. Therefore, at the same time three steps were taken. First, we freed all agricultural prices, some faster and others slower. For instance, meat prices were freed at ...
Document
... chosen in this paper because these currencies are interchangeably used in investment portfolios that include precious metals and oil. A gold trader, for example, would be interested in whether the exchange rate of the dollar/euro in a high volatility regime would have more influence than that in a l ...
... chosen in this paper because these currencies are interchangeably used in investment portfolios that include precious metals and oil. A gold trader, for example, would be interested in whether the exchange rate of the dollar/euro in a high volatility regime would have more influence than that in a l ...
Political Contagion in Currency Crises
... In Krugman’s seminal 1979 paper on exchange rate collapse, an inconsistency in fundamentals induces a steady loss in reserves, ending in an abandonment of fixed rates. For example, the government is running a deficit and is financing it by printing money. The rate of monetary expansion is inconsiste ...
... In Krugman’s seminal 1979 paper on exchange rate collapse, an inconsistency in fundamentals induces a steady loss in reserves, ending in an abandonment of fixed rates. For example, the government is running a deficit and is financing it by printing money. The rate of monetary expansion is inconsiste ...
Why I was right about the euro.
... of its currency. Whether the euro itself is overvalued or undervalued is a matter of opinion, but it surely has not risen like the deutsche mark or the neue deutsche mark would have had the eurozone broken up. From a pure economic standpoint, we can predict that the deutsche mark, if it still existe ...
... of its currency. Whether the euro itself is overvalued or undervalued is a matter of opinion, but it surely has not risen like the deutsche mark or the neue deutsche mark would have had the eurozone broken up. From a pure economic standpoint, we can predict that the deutsche mark, if it still existe ...
NDB - Parliamentary Monitoring Group
... 4. Report on the Agreement on the New Development Bank between the Governments of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, the Explanatory Memorandum on Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa Agreement on the New Development Bank, the Explanatory Memorandum on the Contingent Reserve Arr ...
... 4. Report on the Agreement on the New Development Bank between the Governments of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, the Explanatory Memorandum on Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa Agreement on the New Development Bank, the Explanatory Memorandum on the Contingent Reserve Arr ...
Exchange Rate Pass-Through to Import Prices in the
... convergence across countries, beginning in the late 1980s exchange rate pass-through studies emphasized industrial organization and the role of segmentation and price discrimination across geographically distinct product markets. More recently, pass-through issues play a central role in debates over ...
... convergence across countries, beginning in the late 1980s exchange rate pass-through studies emphasized industrial organization and the role of segmentation and price discrimination across geographically distinct product markets. More recently, pass-through issues play a central role in debates over ...
Introduction to Session III: Reducing Country
... Ostry, Jonathan, Atish Ghosh, Marcos Chamon & Mahvash Qureshi, Managing Capital Inflows: The Role of Controls and Prudential Policies, The Global Financial Crisis, 2011, organized by C.Engel, K.Forbes, & J.Frankel Dominguez, Kathryn, Yuko Hashimoto, & Takatoshi Ito, International Reserves and the Gl ...
... Ostry, Jonathan, Atish Ghosh, Marcos Chamon & Mahvash Qureshi, Managing Capital Inflows: The Role of Controls and Prudential Policies, The Global Financial Crisis, 2011, organized by C.Engel, K.Forbes, & J.Frankel Dominguez, Kathryn, Yuko Hashimoto, & Takatoshi Ito, International Reserves and the Gl ...
Opportunities for Corporate Finance in Latin American Capital Markets
... Latin American equity markets also absorbed new issues of common stock. The strong performance of these equity markets was due to the capital market reforms that five countries have put into effect. The commodities boom helped but was NOT the only reason for the rally. ...
... Latin American equity markets also absorbed new issues of common stock. The strong performance of these equity markets was due to the capital market reforms that five countries have put into effect. The commodities boom helped but was NOT the only reason for the rally. ...
Choice Of Exchange Rate Regimes For Developing Countries
... and narrow band exchange rate regimes). A number of emerging market economies integrated or integrating into international capital markets with soft peg regimes have experienced severe currency crisis and economic disruption in the 1990s. As a result, an increasing number of countries are moving tow ...
... and narrow band exchange rate regimes). A number of emerging market economies integrated or integrating into international capital markets with soft peg regimes have experienced severe currency crisis and economic disruption in the 1990s. As a result, an increasing number of countries are moving tow ...
Document
... agents; firms, self-employed workers, financial institutions, and the government. Income: Wages and salaries, firms' operating surpluses, property income, and imputed ...
... agents; firms, self-employed workers, financial institutions, and the government. Income: Wages and salaries, firms' operating surpluses, property income, and imputed ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... National Bureau of Economic Research
... needs to be understood within a coherent multilateral framework. This paper reexamines these multifaceted issues through the lens of a dynamic, multiregion model of the global economy. The model offers sufficient complexity and richness to furnish a rigorous macroeconomic framework to assess the econom ...
... needs to be understood within a coherent multilateral framework. This paper reexamines these multifaceted issues through the lens of a dynamic, multiregion model of the global economy. The model offers sufficient complexity and richness to furnish a rigorous macroeconomic framework to assess the econom ...
Impact Of The Crisis On The Financial Systems in AFR
... Middle-income countries Low-income countries Fragile countries ...
... Middle-income countries Low-income countries Fragile countries ...
Economic Aspects of the Cold War, 1962
... increasing migration of East Germans into more appealing West Berlin, thence into western Europe. The Soviet Union tried, with Cuban encouragement, to place missiles in Cuba in 1962, leading to the Cuban missile crisis. In 1962 China, still (erroneously) considered by many Americans to be a surrogat ...
... increasing migration of East Germans into more appealing West Berlin, thence into western Europe. The Soviet Union tried, with Cuban encouragement, to place missiles in Cuba in 1962, leading to the Cuban missile crisis. In 1962 China, still (erroneously) considered by many Americans to be a surrogat ...
IFI_Ch11
... – Hedge can reduce the variance of future cash flows and thus may increase the firm’s present value by reducing the discount rate – Firms should focus on the main business they are in and take activities to minimize risks arising from interest rates, exchange rates, and other market variables – Mana ...
... – Hedge can reduce the variance of future cash flows and thus may increase the firm’s present value by reducing the discount rate – Firms should focus on the main business they are in and take activities to minimize risks arising from interest rates, exchange rates, and other market variables – Mana ...
EMU, Exchange Rate Volatility and Bid-Ask Spreads
... introduction of the Euro imply that the conversion rates between the Euro and the currency of any of the participating Member States will be known only on the last trading day in December 1998. However, as announced in 3 May 1998, the current ERM bilateral central rates will be used in determining t ...
... introduction of the Euro imply that the conversion rates between the Euro and the currency of any of the participating Member States will be known only on the last trading day in December 1998. However, as announced in 3 May 1998, the current ERM bilateral central rates will be used in determining t ...
Considerations for South Sudan joining the East African Monetary
... policy instruments, notably on the fiscal side, remain within the domestic domain but may be heavily circumscribed by union-wide considerations. Regardless of exactly how the new central bank chooses to configure policy, the key point is that the national authorities now have one less instrument to ...
... policy instruments, notably on the fiscal side, remain within the domestic domain but may be heavily circumscribed by union-wide considerations. Regardless of exactly how the new central bank chooses to configure policy, the key point is that the national authorities now have one less instrument to ...
A MONETARY CONDITIONS INDEX FOR ALBANIA
... "aggregate demand" or "prices" (Freedman, 1994). MCIs are built taking into account the standard open economy macroeconomic framework. This model represents the aggregate demand as a function of, among other variables, the real interest rate and real exchange rate. In terms of aggregate supply, the ...
... "aggregate demand" or "prices" (Freedman, 1994). MCIs are built taking into account the standard open economy macroeconomic framework. This model represents the aggregate demand as a function of, among other variables, the real interest rate and real exchange rate. In terms of aggregate supply, the ...
The global economic crisis and its implications for the
... worldwide amount to US$3 trillion These resources are supposed to provide support to developing countries hit by the global crisis The effectiveness of this support will depend on how well resources are allocated to key economic and social needs This requires that Caribbean countries redouble their ...
... worldwide amount to US$3 trillion These resources are supposed to provide support to developing countries hit by the global crisis The effectiveness of this support will depend on how well resources are allocated to key economic and social needs This requires that Caribbean countries redouble their ...
Chapter 22
... interest rate and maturity date. Nonnegotiable CDs must be held until maturity to obtain the funds, otherwise an early withdrawal penalty is imposed. Negotiable CDs can be sold in the secondary market prior to maturity. Maturity cannot be less than 7 days. ...
... interest rate and maturity date. Nonnegotiable CDs must be held until maturity to obtain the funds, otherwise an early withdrawal penalty is imposed. Negotiable CDs can be sold in the secondary market prior to maturity. Maturity cannot be less than 7 days. ...