DNA Technology Notes (13.1 &13.2)
... DNA fragments according to the size of the fragments in a process called gel electrophoresis. When an electric current is applied, the DNA fragments move toward the positive end of the gel. The smaller fragments move farther faster than the larger ones. ...
... DNA fragments according to the size of the fragments in a process called gel electrophoresis. When an electric current is applied, the DNA fragments move toward the positive end of the gel. The smaller fragments move farther faster than the larger ones. ...
AP Biology
... Copy DNA without plasmids? PCR! Polymerase Chain Reaction method for making many, many copies of a specific segment of DNA ~only need 1 cell of DNA to start ...
... Copy DNA without plasmids? PCR! Polymerase Chain Reaction method for making many, many copies of a specific segment of DNA ~only need 1 cell of DNA to start ...
Chapter 11 : BIOTECHNOLOGY-PRINCIPLES
... the basis of their ability to produce colour in the presence of a chromogenic substrate. In this, a recombinant DNA is inserted within the coding sequence of an enzyme, â-galactosidase (gene gets ‘inactivated due to insertion’ of alien DNA). This results into inactivation of the enzyme, which is ref ...
... the basis of their ability to produce colour in the presence of a chromogenic substrate. In this, a recombinant DNA is inserted within the coding sequence of an enzyme, â-galactosidase (gene gets ‘inactivated due to insertion’ of alien DNA). This results into inactivation of the enzyme, which is ref ...
Physicochemical studies on interactions between DNA and RNA
... the binding of an enzyme molecule to a promoter site appears to have a cooperative effect on the binding of enzyme molecules to adjacent non-promoter sites with concomitant disruption of DNA base pairs. ...
... the binding of an enzyme molecule to a promoter site appears to have a cooperative effect on the binding of enzyme molecules to adjacent non-promoter sites with concomitant disruption of DNA base pairs. ...
The interpretation of bioinformation
... fingerprints consisted of a pattern of bands rather like a bar-code. For judging a match, bands were assigned to arbitrarily defined ‘bins’. Each bin either contained a band or did not contain a band. The crime scene and subject samples were compared for the presence or absence of a band in each bin ...
... fingerprints consisted of a pattern of bands rather like a bar-code. For judging a match, bands were assigned to arbitrarily defined ‘bins’. Each bin either contained a band or did not contain a band. The crime scene and subject samples were compared for the presence or absence of a band in each bin ...
2014 Training Handout
... Topoisomerase is responsible for initiation of the unwinding of the DNA. Helicase accomplishes unwinding of the original double strand, once supercoiling has been eliminated by the topoisomerase. DNA polymerase (III) proceeds along a single-stranded molecule of DNA, recruiting free dNTP's (deoxy-nuc ...
... Topoisomerase is responsible for initiation of the unwinding of the DNA. Helicase accomplishes unwinding of the original double strand, once supercoiling has been eliminated by the topoisomerase. DNA polymerase (III) proceeds along a single-stranded molecule of DNA, recruiting free dNTP's (deoxy-nuc ...
13-2 Manipulating DNA
... DNA Extraction DNA can be extracted from most cells by a simple chemical procedure. The cells are opened and the DNA is separated from the other cell parts. ...
... DNA Extraction DNA can be extracted from most cells by a simple chemical procedure. The cells are opened and the DNA is separated from the other cell parts. ...
13-2 - Lincoln Park High School
... DNA Extraction DNA can be extracted from most cells by a simple chemical procedure. The cells are opened and the DNA is separated from the other cell parts. ...
... DNA Extraction DNA can be extracted from most cells by a simple chemical procedure. The cells are opened and the DNA is separated from the other cell parts. ...
Mismatch repair
... nick, removing a portion of the damaged strand (with its 5’3’ exonuclease activity) and replacing it with undamaged DNA. (d) The nick remaining after DNA polymerase I has dissociated is sealed by DNA ligase. ...
... nick, removing a portion of the damaged strand (with its 5’3’ exonuclease activity) and replacing it with undamaged DNA. (d) The nick remaining after DNA polymerase I has dissociated is sealed by DNA ligase. ...
MENDEL MEETS CSI: Forensic Genotyping as a Method To Teach
... To extract DNA from buccal cells, sterile cotton swabs, a boiling water bath, and a micro-centrifuge are needed. The cell lysate obtained is crude and contains heavy metal ions that can interfere with PCR amplification by either inhibiting DNA polymerase or by acting as cofactors for nucleases that ...
... To extract DNA from buccal cells, sterile cotton swabs, a boiling water bath, and a micro-centrifuge are needed. The cell lysate obtained is crude and contains heavy metal ions that can interfere with PCR amplification by either inhibiting DNA polymerase or by acting as cofactors for nucleases that ...
Interfacial Behavior of a Hairpin DNA Probe Immobilized on Gold
... the scattering length density F (SLD) of the solvents is not altered by the addition of the salts.19 The single-crystalline and (111) polished silicon substrate (5 × 5 × 1 cm3) was purchased from Siltronix (France). A thin chromium adhesion layer (5 nm) and a gold layer (14 nm) have been deposited b ...
... the scattering length density F (SLD) of the solvents is not altered by the addition of the salts.19 The single-crystalline and (111) polished silicon substrate (5 × 5 × 1 cm3) was purchased from Siltronix (France). A thin chromium adhesion layer (5 nm) and a gold layer (14 nm) have been deposited b ...
Chapter 3 Proteins: - California State University San Marcos
... ►Cross over of DNA from different chromosomes ►ds helices break and two broken ends join opp. partners to reform intact ds helices ►Exchange occurs only if there is extensive sequence homology ►No nucleotides are altered at site of exchange; no loss or gain ...
... ►Cross over of DNA from different chromosomes ►ds helices break and two broken ends join opp. partners to reform intact ds helices ►Exchange occurs only if there is extensive sequence homology ►No nucleotides are altered at site of exchange; no loss or gain ...
Enantiomeric conformation controls rate and yield of photoinduced
... for Δ-1; ESI Figure S7 & Table S1)). Notably, there is also formation of a transient species at 1700 cm-1, which has been assigned as the G radical cation29 formed from the photosensitized oxidation of a guanine base by the Ru complex. A kinetic fit to the growth of this feature gives a rate (430 ± ...
... for Δ-1; ESI Figure S7 & Table S1)). Notably, there is also formation of a transient species at 1700 cm-1, which has been assigned as the G radical cation29 formed from the photosensitized oxidation of a guanine base by the Ru complex. A kinetic fit to the growth of this feature gives a rate (430 ± ...
Cytogenetic and molecular characterization of the
... chromosome rearrangements in the genome. This might have happened recently as a populationspeci¢c event, since the early study of Saitoh (1959), performed in a Japanese population, reported a completely di¡erent karyotype of M. brassicae consisting of 31 small and uniform chromosome pairs. Thus, it ...
... chromosome rearrangements in the genome. This might have happened recently as a populationspeci¢c event, since the early study of Saitoh (1959), performed in a Japanese population, reported a completely di¡erent karyotype of M. brassicae consisting of 31 small and uniform chromosome pairs. Thus, it ...
11-17-11 DNA Lecture - Kings County Criminal Bar Association
... • A Y STR haplotype (evidence sample) is searched in a reference database(s) of unrelated individuals • The number of times the haplotype is observed in a database and divided by total samples in the database • The size of a database can be and is often limited • With databases (e.g., n = 100 to 300 ...
... • A Y STR haplotype (evidence sample) is searched in a reference database(s) of unrelated individuals • The number of times the haplotype is observed in a database and divided by total samples in the database • The size of a database can be and is often limited • With databases (e.g., n = 100 to 300 ...
DNA-dependent DNA polymerase (DDDP)
... • The eukaryotic cells use telomerase to maintain the integrity of DNA telomere. • The telomerase is composed of telomerase RNA telomerase association protein telomerase reverse transcriptase • It is able to synthesize DNA using RNA as the template. ...
... • The eukaryotic cells use telomerase to maintain the integrity of DNA telomere. • The telomerase is composed of telomerase RNA telomerase association protein telomerase reverse transcriptase • It is able to synthesize DNA using RNA as the template. ...
1. Nucleic Acids and Chromosomes
... DNA: Double-stranded polynucleotide formed from two separate chains of covalently linked deoxyribonucleotide units. It serves as the cell’s store of genetic information that is transmitted from generation to generation Doxyribose and phosphate backbone Adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine base ...
... DNA: Double-stranded polynucleotide formed from two separate chains of covalently linked deoxyribonucleotide units. It serves as the cell’s store of genetic information that is transmitted from generation to generation Doxyribose and phosphate backbone Adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine base ...
Table 3.1. List of suppliers of restriction enzymes. Name of
... Based on the properties of DNA and Col El plasmid DNA, a group of Japanese workers (Fukumaki et al., 1976) showed that the presence of a small segment of phage DNA containing cohesive end on the plasmid molecule is a sufficient prerequisite for in vitro packaging of this DNA into infectious partic ...
... Based on the properties of DNA and Col El plasmid DNA, a group of Japanese workers (Fukumaki et al., 1976) showed that the presence of a small segment of phage DNA containing cohesive end on the plasmid molecule is a sufficient prerequisite for in vitro packaging of this DNA into infectious partic ...
3DNA Printer: A Tool for Automated DNA Origami
... In this work, we introduced the software called 3DNAprinter to design the 3D structures using the systematic algorithmic top-down approach. This software is motivated from the work of Veneziano et al [12]. A software called DAEDALUS has been developed on this idea [12]. The main difference between D ...
... In this work, we introduced the software called 3DNAprinter to design the 3D structures using the systematic algorithmic top-down approach. This software is motivated from the work of Veneziano et al [12]. A software called DAEDALUS has been developed on this idea [12]. The main difference between D ...
Study questions - Pre-lab
... Chelating agent: sequester (chelate) divalent metal ions that are necessary cofactors of nucleases (enzymes that can degrade DNA.) ...
... Chelating agent: sequester (chelate) divalent metal ions that are necessary cofactors of nucleases (enzymes that can degrade DNA.) ...
DNA Damage and Repair - American Federation for Aging Research
... DNA BASICS DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. The nucleus of each human cell contains forty-six structures called chromosomes that together “package” all our genetic information or genes. This information is coded by a series of four bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. These are link ...
... DNA BASICS DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. The nucleus of each human cell contains forty-six structures called chromosomes that together “package” all our genetic information or genes. This information is coded by a series of four bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. These are link ...
DNA Damage and Repair - American Federation for Aging Research
... DNA BASICS DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. The nucleus of each human cell contains forty-six structures called chromosomes that together “package” all our genetic information or genes. This information is coded by a series of four bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. These are link ...
... DNA BASICS DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. The nucleus of each human cell contains forty-six structures called chromosomes that together “package” all our genetic information or genes. This information is coded by a series of four bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. These are link ...
Enzyme Mechanisms - Illinois Institute of Technology
... Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells can, through mitosis, serve as factories to make many copies (> 106 in some cases) of a moderately complex segment of DNA—provided that that segment can be incorporated into a chromosome or a plasmid This is amplification ...
... Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells can, through mitosis, serve as factories to make many copies (> 106 in some cases) of a moderately complex segment of DNA—provided that that segment can be incorporated into a chromosome or a plasmid This is amplification ...
Aimhigher Monitoring Template
... Organisation and length of event Each session offered to the schools lasted 45 -50mins. In some schools the sessions were in direct succession, in others, one was before lunch and the other after lunch. Pupils were asked their opinion on the length of the event; 74.3% thought that the event was jus ...
... Organisation and length of event Each session offered to the schools lasted 45 -50mins. In some schools the sessions were in direct succession, in others, one was before lunch and the other after lunch. Pupils were asked their opinion on the length of the event; 74.3% thought that the event was jus ...
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (/diˌɒksiˌraɪbɵ.njuːˌkleɪ.ɨk ˈæsɪd/; DNA) is a molecule that carries most of the genetic instructions used in the development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. DNA is a nucleic acid; alongside proteins and carbohydrates, nucleic acids compose the three major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life. Most DNA molecules consist of two biopolymer strands coiled around each other to form a double helix. The two DNA strands are known as polynucleotides since they are composed of simpler units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of a nitrogen-containing nucleobase—either cytosine (C), guanine (G), adenine (A), or thymine (T)—as well as a monosaccharide sugar called deoxyribose and a phosphate group. The nucleotides are joined to one another in a chain by covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next, resulting in an alternating sugar-phosphate backbone. According to base pairing rules (A with T, and C with G), hydrogen bonds bind the nitrogenous bases of the two separate polynucleotide strands to make double-stranded DNA. The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037, and weighs 50 billion tonnes. In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC (trillion tons of carbon).DNA stores biological information. The DNA backbone is resistant to cleavage, and both strands of the double-stranded structure store the same biological information. Biological information is replicated as the two strands are separated. A significant portion of DNA (more than 98% for humans) is non-coding, meaning that these sections do not serve as patterns for protein sequences.The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions to each other and are therefore anti-parallel. Attached to each sugar is one of four types of nucleobases (informally, bases). It is the sequence of these four nucleobases along the backbone that encodes biological information. Under the genetic code, RNA strands are translated to specify the sequence of amino acids within proteins. These RNA strands are initially created using DNA strands as a template in a process called transcription.Within cells, DNA is organized into long structures called chromosomes. During cell division these chromosomes are duplicated in the process of DNA replication, providing each cell its own complete set of chromosomes. Eukaryotic organisms (animals, plants, fungi, and protists) store most of their DNA inside the cell nucleus and some of their DNA in organelles, such as mitochondria or chloroplasts. In contrast, prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) store their DNA only in the cytoplasm. Within the chromosomes, chromatin proteins such as histones compact and organize DNA. These compact structures guide the interactions between DNA and other proteins, helping control which parts of the DNA are transcribed.First isolated by Friedrich Miescher in 1869 and with its molecular structure first identified by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953, DNA is used by researchers as a molecular tool to explore physical laws and theories, such as the ergodic theorem and the theory of elasticity. The unique material properties of DNA have made it an attractive molecule for material scientists and engineers interested in micro- and nano-fabrication. Among notable advances in this field are DNA origami and DNA-based hybrid materials.The obsolete synonym ""desoxyribonucleic acid"" may occasionally be encountered, for example, in pre-1953 genetics.