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Theophrastus on geophytes - Oxford Academic
Theophrastus on geophytes - Oxford Academic

... (1980) and Feinbrun-Dothan (1986: 137-138), but also found on limestone slopes, basalt and sand dunes in Turkey (Kit Tan & Edmondson, 1984). In his section in herbs with fleshy roots Theophrastus writes of the culinary value of the gladiolus corm, its shape and propagation: “the root of. . . corn-fl ...
Plant Propagation
Plant Propagation

... • Can produce plants that are not plants easily propagated from seed • Can easily be mechanised • Is the only method of producing new varieties (essential for plant breeders) • Creates genetic variation within a crop aiding with disease and pest control • Genetic variation adds to landscape contrast ...
Profile of Invasive Plant Species within the Peace River Regional
Profile of Invasive Plant Species within the Peace River Regional

... Mowing or cutting plant shoots is ineffective alone; however, mowing followed by herbicide treatments will provide some control. Best treated early in spring before root systems start developing, and mature seeds are established. Methods must be repeated if infestations are large. Care must be taken ...
WEEDY Shrubs - Banyule City Council
WEEDY Shrubs - Banyule City Council

... Origin: Australia, various locations Some wattles have been introduced from other parts of Australia as potential garden plants but some have become garden escapees and spread vigorously. Cootamundra Wattle for example grows very well in poor soils and its silver foliage makes it a popular plant wit ...
Lyme Grass photos and ID
Lyme Grass photos and ID

... This plant is an ornamental grass native to Europe and Asia. It spreads primarily by underground stems (rhizomes), but also reproduces by seed. This grass can grow in most habitats, although it prefers well-drained sandy soil and full sun. It can handle extremes of heat and cold, and it is drought r ...
Comparative floral and vegetative differentiation
Comparative floral and vegetative differentiation

... length of the lateral leaflet (Fig. 2). Width measurements of different leaf blade parts were also taken, but they had to be excluded from analyses because high herbivory levels considerably reduced sample sizes. The 10 measured vegetative traits for each focal plant were selected because of their tax ...
Gravitropism in Leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.
Gravitropism in Leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.

... movement of the leaves (see Fig. 5D). Moreover, our kinetic analysis showed that leaf movement began just after the shift to darkness for plants in the N-position, but the start of the movement was retarded by approximately 5 h after the shift to darkness for the R-position (Fig. 3). These differenc ...
Diversity and evolution of a trait mediating ant–plant interactions
Diversity and evolution of a trait mediating ant–plant interactions

... They may diversify morphologically by keeping, modifying or losing their function, or they may be suppressed completely. The location of these traits on the plant surface, and therefore where the interactions themselves take place, has often been overlooked. Reproductive and non-reproductive plant p ...
Plant Glossary The Kew Henk Beentje
Plant Glossary The Kew Henk Beentje

... the old Jackson glossary of botanical terms (Jackson, 1928); but that is now a little out of date, and does not have pictures. I also enjoyed compiling, with my colleague Martin Cheek, the glossary for the Flora of Tropical East Africa (FTEA) (Beentje & Cheek, 2003; 2377 terms). I thought that slim ...
Selection of a marker gene to construct a reference library
Selection of a marker gene to construct a reference library

... belonged to Carex spp. (99%). Using the same samples, microhistology provided consistent food composition with metabarcoding results for greater white-fronted goose, while 13% of Poaceae was recovered for bean goose. In addition, two other taxa were discovered only through microhistologic analysis. ...
Plant Glossary - PA35 Going Live.
Plant Glossary - PA35 Going Live.

... the old Jackson glossary of botanical terms (Jackson, 1928); but that is now a little out of date, and does not have pictures. I also enjoyed compiling, with my colleague Martin Cheek, the glossary for the Flora of Tropical East Africa (FTEA) (Beentje & Cheek, 2003; 2377 terms). I thought that slim ...
Effect of abiotic factors on reproduction in the centre and periphery
Effect of abiotic factors on reproduction in the centre and periphery

... Variables such as weather or other abiotic factors should have a higher influence on demographic rates in border areas than in central areas, given that climatic adaptation might be important in determining range borders. Similarly, for a given area, the relationship between weather and reproduction ...
Tulips - Trecanna Nursery
Tulips - Trecanna Nursery

... A fascination for the bulbs grew in The Netherlands and after much work with breeding, certain bulbs developed intricate markings on the petals caused by a virus that caused the colours to ‘break’. In Holland the desire for these special bulbs grew so much that in the mid 17th century a period known ...
Woodland Tree Herbaceous Intersectional
Woodland Tree Herbaceous Intersectional

... Flower form and peony height influence the behavior of herbaceous peony plants. Traditional peonies, such as those that could be found in your grandmother’s garden, were often bred to have long stems and huge full flowers. These enormous blossoms produce some of the best cut flowers available. As ga ...
INFLUENCES OF PEA MORPHOLOGY AND INTERACTING
INFLUENCES OF PEA MORPHOLOGY AND INTERACTING

... reproduction rate of pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)) under extreme and variable environmental conditions, and that plant shape does not interact with other mechanisms which control aphid reproduction. Experiments do indicate that aphid reproduction is positively density-dependent. I found ...
Eurasian Watermilfoil - the Idaho Weed Awareness Campaign!
Eurasian Watermilfoil - the Idaho Weed Awareness Campaign!

... listed noxious weeds. All parts of this plant are poisonous to livestock and humans, in fact the extract of this plant was use to execute Socrates of ancient Greece. The plant hosts white flowers (don’t mistake this plant for wild parsley). This plant is easy to distinguish as the stems have a purpl ...
Spatial patterns of an endemic Mediterranean palm recolonizing old
Spatial patterns of an endemic Mediterranean palm recolonizing old

... Throughout Europe, increased levels of land abandonment lead to (re)colonization of old lands by forests and shrublands. Very little is known about the spatial pattern of plants recolonizing such old fields. We mapped in two 21–22-ha plots, located in the Doñana National Park (Spain), all adult indi ...
Biology: Concepts and Connections, 6e (Campbell)
Biology: Concepts and Connections, 6e (Campbell)

... C) the fact that pollinators have limited learning capacities and tend to stick with one type of flower once they have learned to use it. D) the tendency of pollinators to avoid visiting the same type of flower more than once, in case its nectar is toxic. E) the fact that each species of pollinator ...
annual report
annual report

... sugarbeet etc, Among other potentially important plants were: Chamaecytisus palmensis-a nitrogen fixing tree species and Stevia rebaudialla with eatevin, a glucoside which is 1SO times sweeter than sugar. Besides 2,378 samples of different crops were exported to 61 countries. Out of 83,945 germplasm ...
Qualification Specification for RHS Level 2 Certificate in the
Qualification Specification for RHS Level 2 Certificate in the

... Reasonable Adjustments and Special Consideration RHS Qualifications is committed to ensuring fair assessment for all candidates, and will facilitate access to its qualifications through reasonable adjustments to assessment arrangements for candidates with an identified specific need. An example of a ...
A Guide to Common Milkweeds of California
A Guide to Common Milkweeds of California

... Xerces Society’s website, at www.xerces.org/milkweedsurvey. Fifteen species of milkweed are native to California; the majority of them are documented to be used as larval host plants by the monarch butterfly. This guide covers the six most common species. Asclepias californica (California milkweed) ...
Vining Plants - Covington Nursery
Vining Plants - Covington Nursery

... Clematis - Partial shade to shade. Clematis is best with full morning sun, and shade protection during the afternoon. Keep clematis strongly mulched to keep the roots cool - and plant into a bed rich with extra compost. Clematis blooms in many different shades of pink, purple, red, blue, and white, ...
OIKOS 55: 375—386 - digital
OIKOS 55: 375—386 - digital

... stricto, see Gould and Vrba 1982) may not occur. At least four important pre-dispersal factors can be identified as potentially limiting plant reproduction: ineffective pollination, fruit/seed abortion, pre-dispersal herbivory (including fruit/seed predation) and, in cases of animal dispersed seeds, ...
Physical and chemical interactions between aphids and plants
Physical and chemical interactions between aphids and plants

... Xylem and phloem, the transport avenues of the plant Xylem and phloem are the long-distance transport conduits in the vascular bundles of angiosperms. Together, they constitute a water circulation system with high rates of water intake by roots and water loss from the aerial parts, respectively (Fig ...
Cocoa (Chocolate Bean) - EDIS
Cocoa (Chocolate Bean) - EDIS

... Self-incompatibility of cocoa flowers may result in little to no pod production. Therefore either a self-compatible type (variety) should be grown or 2 or more compatible types (varieties), should be grown near each other. Since cocoa is normally pollinated by specific midge species (Forcipomyia spp ...
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Plant breeding



Plant breeding is the art and science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics. Plant breeding can be accomplished through many different techniques ranging from simply selecting plants with desirable characteristics for propagation, to more complex molecular techniques (see cultigen and cultivar).Plant breeding has been practiced for thousands of years, since near the beginning of human civilization. It is practiced worldwide by individuals such as gardeners and farmers, or by professional plant breeders employed by organizations such as government institutions, universities, crop-specific industry associations or research centers.International development agencies believe that breeding new crops is important for ensuring food security by developing new varieties that are higher-yielding, resistant to pests and diseases, drought-resistant or regionally adapted to different environments and growing conditions.
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