Curly Wurly Corkscrew Rush
... This ornamental grass does best in full sun to partial shade. It prefers to grow in moist to wet soil, and will even tolerate some standing water. It is not particular as to soil type, but has a definite preference for acidic soils, and is able to handle environmental salt. It is highly tolerant of ...
... This ornamental grass does best in full sun to partial shade. It prefers to grow in moist to wet soil, and will even tolerate some standing water. It is not particular as to soil type, but has a definite preference for acidic soils, and is able to handle environmental salt. It is highly tolerant of ...
Sporophyte Stage - St. Ambrose School
... Begins when reproductive cells undergo meiosis and produce haploid cells called spores ...
... Begins when reproductive cells undergo meiosis and produce haploid cells called spores ...
Soil Chemistry
... called minerals For example, the most abundant mineral in soil is quartz, a mineral compound consisting of silicon dioxide As you can see, quartz is a mineral compound because it is made of repeating units of the SiO2 molecule ...
... called minerals For example, the most abundant mineral in soil is quartz, a mineral compound consisting of silicon dioxide As you can see, quartz is a mineral compound because it is made of repeating units of the SiO2 molecule ...
Plants Part 4
... This large and floriferous passion flower hybrid has remarkable traits that make it a star performer in a container garden. Passiflora ‘Blue-Eyed Susan’ is a fast and vigorous grower with blossoms that are both fragrant and colorful. The deep, rich bluish-purple flower is highlighted by a full and r ...
... This large and floriferous passion flower hybrid has remarkable traits that make it a star performer in a container garden. Passiflora ‘Blue-Eyed Susan’ is a fast and vigorous grower with blossoms that are both fragrant and colorful. The deep, rich bluish-purple flower is highlighted by a full and r ...
Spore-Forming Plants
... which then produce antheridia, which make sperm (male gametes). – The megasporangium produces megaspores (megagametophytes), which then produce archegonia, which make eggs (female gametophytes). In seed plants, the antheridium and archegonium have been reduced to very small structures that are not i ...
... which then produce antheridia, which make sperm (male gametes). – The megasporangium produces megaspores (megagametophytes), which then produce archegonia, which make eggs (female gametophytes). In seed plants, the antheridium and archegonium have been reduced to very small structures that are not i ...
Native Plants
... no damage to the seed coat, it will most likely pass harmlessly through the digestive tract. However, if it is chewed or broken and then swallowed, the ricin toxin will be absorbed by the intestines. – Just one seed can kill a child, 8 seeds are considered toxic for an adult. ...
... no damage to the seed coat, it will most likely pass harmlessly through the digestive tract. However, if it is chewed or broken and then swallowed, the ricin toxin will be absorbed by the intestines. – Just one seed can kill a child, 8 seeds are considered toxic for an adult. ...
Garden Gloxinia
... flowers, with a spread of 15 inches. Its foliage tends to remain dense right to the ground, not requiring facer plants in front. It grows at a medium rate, and under ideal conditions can be expected to live for approximately 5 years. This perennial does best in full sun to partial shade. It prefers ...
... flowers, with a spread of 15 inches. Its foliage tends to remain dense right to the ground, not requiring facer plants in front. It grows at a medium rate, and under ideal conditions can be expected to live for approximately 5 years. This perennial does best in full sun to partial shade. It prefers ...
Don`t Plant a Pest! - Lake Tahoe Basin Weed Coordinating Group
... a functional role, such as a groundcover that grows well in a ...
... a functional role, such as a groundcover that grows well in a ...
Liatris pycnostachya – Prairie Blazing Star
... BEHAVIOR: Hardy perennial. A dense spike of small clumps of 5-7 tiny flowers give this plant an almost fuzzy appearance. SITE REQUIREMENTS: Grows best in moist, well-drained soils. Can be planted in full sun or in areas with sun most of the day. Prefers a pH of 6-8 (slightly acidic). SPECIAL FEATURE ...
... BEHAVIOR: Hardy perennial. A dense spike of small clumps of 5-7 tiny flowers give this plant an almost fuzzy appearance. SITE REQUIREMENTS: Grows best in moist, well-drained soils. Can be planted in full sun or in areas with sun most of the day. Prefers a pH of 6-8 (slightly acidic). SPECIAL FEATURE ...
English
... objective. Student responses can be used in determining which objectives require greater review or whether further instruction is necessary. A few questions from PowerPoint Slide 17 can be used during the review. Another possible review activity can be done by using the vocabulary words. You will ne ...
... objective. Student responses can be used in determining which objectives require greater review or whether further instruction is necessary. A few questions from PowerPoint Slide 17 can be used during the review. Another possible review activity can be done by using the vocabulary words. You will ne ...
INVASIVE SPECIES
... Tree-of-heaven, Ailanthus altissima, is one of the few trees that can grow in abandoned alleys, gutters, and broken sidewalks, or just about anywhere that is not in shade. It grows very quickly, and competes aggressively for sunlight in newly developing forests. Disturbed sites are often dominated b ...
... Tree-of-heaven, Ailanthus altissima, is one of the few trees that can grow in abandoned alleys, gutters, and broken sidewalks, or just about anywhere that is not in shade. It grows very quickly, and competes aggressively for sunlight in newly developing forests. Disturbed sites are often dominated b ...
Part II The Soil Community The soil community is made up of soil
... the growth of the plants. For example: The earthworms ingest important mineral materials along with the detritus. These glue together and are expelled from their body as castings. These excrements are relatively stable clumps of inorganic particles plus humus. The development of topsoil from the sub ...
... the growth of the plants. For example: The earthworms ingest important mineral materials along with the detritus. These glue together and are expelled from their body as castings. These excrements are relatively stable clumps of inorganic particles plus humus. The development of topsoil from the sub ...
NH Native Plants - Mountain Garden Club
... Native Plants Native plant is a term to describe plants indigenous or naturalized to a given area in geologic time. This includes plants that have developed, occur naturally, or existed for many years in an area (e.g. trees, flowers, grasses, and other plants). Some native plants rely on natural co ...
... Native Plants Native plant is a term to describe plants indigenous or naturalized to a given area in geologic time. This includes plants that have developed, occur naturally, or existed for many years in an area (e.g. trees, flowers, grasses, and other plants). Some native plants rely on natural co ...
Poster PDF
... the biodiversity of Typha ecosystems to that of the ecosystems of Phragmites australis. The common reed is known to disturb the stability of the ecosystem as they wipe out species of cattail. We collected samples from the Tackapusha Park located in Seaford, NY. The park contains both cattails and co ...
... the biodiversity of Typha ecosystems to that of the ecosystems of Phragmites australis. The common reed is known to disturb the stability of the ecosystem as they wipe out species of cattail. We collected samples from the Tackapusha Park located in Seaford, NY. The park contains both cattails and co ...
Fallow Replacement Can Improve Bottom Line and Benefit Water
... yield, protein, or net revenue on winter wheat in 2013 or spring wheat in 2014. Meanwhile, the use of controlled release forms of nitrogen fertilizer appeared to increase grain protein in 2013 but not in 2014, and did not affect wheat grain yield or net revenue either year. By contrast, while winter ...
... yield, protein, or net revenue on winter wheat in 2013 or spring wheat in 2014. Meanwhile, the use of controlled release forms of nitrogen fertilizer appeared to increase grain protein in 2013 but not in 2014, and did not affect wheat grain yield or net revenue either year. By contrast, while winter ...
File
... • Apical meristem gives rise to dermal, ground, and vascular tissue • The dermal is the epidermis • Gymnosperms and dicots the ground tissue forms the cortex and pith • Pith is in the center for storage • Monocots ground tissue doesn’t separate into pith and cortex it is mixed up. ...
... • Apical meristem gives rise to dermal, ground, and vascular tissue • The dermal is the epidermis • Gymnosperms and dicots the ground tissue forms the cortex and pith • Pith is in the center for storage • Monocots ground tissue doesn’t separate into pith and cortex it is mixed up. ...
Air Pollution Damage to Plants - Alabama Cooperative Extension
... yellow to brown mottling and tipburn, or a yellow to brown or orange-red flecking and banding of the needles (Figure 8). Susceptible white pines are stunted or dwarfed and chlorotic. The injury pattern in small grains and forage grasses generally occurs as a scattering of small, yellowish or white to ...
... yellow to brown mottling and tipburn, or a yellow to brown or orange-red flecking and banding of the needles (Figure 8). Susceptible white pines are stunted or dwarfed and chlorotic. The injury pattern in small grains and forage grasses generally occurs as a scattering of small, yellowish or white to ...
3 slides
... Hormonal Regulation of Plant Life Cycle: Germination: A) Abscisic Acid (AA) maintains seed dormancy ↓ metabolism of embryo Must be removed before germination can occur: Desert Plants - Water (AA washed away) Temperate Plants - Hard freeze (AA broken down) B) Gibberellin stimulates germinati ...
... Hormonal Regulation of Plant Life Cycle: Germination: A) Abscisic Acid (AA) maintains seed dormancy ↓ metabolism of embryo Must be removed before germination can occur: Desert Plants - Water (AA washed away) Temperate Plants - Hard freeze (AA broken down) B) Gibberellin stimulates germinati ...
Aeration and Hydric Soils
... Figure 7.11 The relationship between the occurrence of some soil features and the annual duration of watersaturated conditions. The absence of iron concentrations (mottles) with colors of chroma >4, and the presence of strong expressions of the other features are indications that a soil may be hy ...
... Figure 7.11 The relationship between the occurrence of some soil features and the annual duration of watersaturated conditions. The absence of iron concentrations (mottles) with colors of chroma >4, and the presence of strong expressions of the other features are indications that a soil may be hy ...
THE SOIL ASSOCIATION APPRENTICESHIP SCHEME
... inside cells of the phloem at a source, such as a leaf, creates a diffusion gradient that draws water into the cells. Movement occurs by bulk flow; phloem sap moves from sugar sources to sugar sinks by means of turgor pressure. A sugar source is any part of the plant that is producing or releasing s ...
... inside cells of the phloem at a source, such as a leaf, creates a diffusion gradient that draws water into the cells. Movement occurs by bulk flow; phloem sap moves from sugar sources to sugar sinks by means of turgor pressure. A sugar source is any part of the plant that is producing or releasing s ...
Prentice Hall Biology - Jamestown School District
... photosynthesis. Plants display adaptations shaped by the need to gather • Water and Minerals - all cells need a constant supply of water. Water is a raw material for photosynthesis, so when the sun is shining water gets used up • Gas Exchange - plants require oxygen for cellular respiration and need ...
... photosynthesis. Plants display adaptations shaped by the need to gather • Water and Minerals - all cells need a constant supply of water. Water is a raw material for photosynthesis, so when the sun is shining water gets used up • Gas Exchange - plants require oxygen for cellular respiration and need ...
Kingdom Plants chapter 18
... 4. Now main plant groups include Nonvascular plants having liverworts and mosses; Seedless vascular plants include Ferns and fern like plants; Seeded plants include Gymnosperms, including pines and cycads and Angiosperms, flowering plants. 5. Nonvascular Plants: Habitat – Live in moist and shady pla ...
... 4. Now main plant groups include Nonvascular plants having liverworts and mosses; Seedless vascular plants include Ferns and fern like plants; Seeded plants include Gymnosperms, including pines and cycads and Angiosperms, flowering plants. 5. Nonvascular Plants: Habitat – Live in moist and shady pla ...
Nature of the parent material will greatly influence time it takes to
... Soil Science Taxonomy • Soil as a natural body • Each soil as a unique individual – Developed as a result of the 5 factors of soil formation ...
... Soil Science Taxonomy • Soil as a natural body • Each soil as a unique individual – Developed as a result of the 5 factors of soil formation ...
Plant nutrition
.jpg?width=300)
Plant nutrition is the study of the chemical elements and compounds that are necessary for plant growth, and also of their external supply and internal metabolism. In 1972, E. Epstein defined two criteria for an element to be essential for plant growth: in its absence the plant is unable to complete a normal life cycle; or that the element is part of some essential plant constituent or metabolite.This is in accordance with Liebig's law of the minimum. There are 14 essential plant nutrients. Carbon and oxygen are absorbed from the air, while other nutrients including water are typically obtained from the soil (exceptions include some parasitic or carnivorous plants).Plants must obtain the following mineral nutrients from the growing media: the primary macronutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) the three secondary macronutrients: calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg) the micronutrients/trace minerals: boron (B), chlorine (Cl), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni)The macronutrients are consumed in larger quantities and are present in plant tissue in quantities from 0.2% to 4.0% (on a dry matter weight basis). Micro nutrients are present in plant tissue in quantities measured in parts per million, ranging from 5 to 200 ppm, or less than 0.02% dry weight.Most soil conditions across the world can provide plants with adequate nutrition and do not require fertilizer for a complete life cycle. However, humans can artificially modify soil through the addition of fertilizer to promote vigorous growth and increase yield. The plants are able to obtain their required nutrients from the fertilizer added to the soil. A colloidal carbonaceous residue, known as humus, can serve as a nutrient reservoir. Even with adequate water and sunshine, nutrient deficiency can limit growth.Nutrient uptake from the soil is achieved by cation exchange, where root hairs pump hydrogen ions (H+) into the soil through proton pumps. These hydrogen ions displace cations attached to negatively charged soil particles so that the cations are available for uptake by the root.Plant nutrition is a difficult subject to understand completely, partly because of the variation between different plants and even between different species or individuals of a given clone. An element present at a low level may cause deficiency symptoms, while the same element at a higher level may cause toxicity. Further, deficiency of one element may present as symptoms of toxicity from another element. An abundance of one nutrient may cause a deficiency of another nutrient. For example, lower availability of a given nutrient such as SO42− can affect the uptake of another nutrient, such as NO3−. As another example, K+ uptake can be influenced by the amount of NH4+ available.The root, especially the root hair, is the most essential organ for the uptake of nutrients. The structure and architecture of the root can alter the rate of nutrient uptake. Nutrient ions are transported to the center of the root, the stele in order for the nutrients to reach the conducting tissues, xylem and phloem. The Casparian strip, a cell wall outside the stele but within the root, prevents passive flow of water and nutrients, helping to regulate the uptake of nutrients and water. Xylem moves water and inorganic molecules within the plant and phloem accounts for organic molecule transportation. Water potential plays a key role in a plants nutrient uptake. If the water potential is more negative within the plant than the surrounding soils, the nutrients will move from the region of higher solute concentration—in the soil—to the area of lower solute concentration: in the plant.There are three fundamental ways plants uptake nutrients through the root: simple diffusion, occurs when a nonpolar molecule, such as O2, CO2, and NH3 follows a concentration gradient, moving passively through the cell lipid bilayer membrane without the use of transport proteins. facilitated diffusion, is the rapid movement of solutes or ions following a concentration gradient, facilitated by transport proteins. Active transport, is the uptake by cells of ions or molecules against a concentration gradient; this requires an energy source, usually ATP, to power molecular pumps that move the ions or molecules through the membrane. Nutrients are moved inside a plant to where they are most needed. For example, a plant will try to supply more nutrients to its younger leaves than to its older ones. When nutrients are mobile, symptoms of any deficiency become apparent first on the older leaves. However, not all nutrients are equally mobile. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are mobile nutrients, while the others have varying degrees of mobility. When a less mobile nutrient is deficient, the younger leaves suffer because the nutrient does not move up to them but stays in the older leaves. This phenomenon is helpful in determining which nutrients a plant may be lacking.Many plants engage in symbiosis with microorganisms. Two important types of these relationship are with bacteria such as rhizobia, that carry out biological nitrogen fixation, in which atmospheric nitrogen (N2) is converted into ammonium (NH4); and with mycorrhizal fungi, which through their association with the plant roots help to create a larger effective root surface area. Both of these mutualistic relationships enhance nutrient uptake. Though nitrogen is plentiful in the Earth's atmosphere, relatively few plants harbor nitrogen fixing bacteria, so most plants rely on nitrogen compounds present in the soil to support their growth. These can be supplied by mineralization of soil organic matter or added plant residues, nitrogen fixing bacteria, animal waste, or through the application of fertilizers.Hydroponics, is a method for growing plants in a water-nutrient solution without the use of nutrient-rich soil. It allows researchers and home gardeners to grow their plants in a controlled environment. The most common solution, is the Hoagland solution, developed by D. R. Hoagland in 1933, the solution consists of all the essential nutrients in the correct proportions necessary for most plant growth. An aerator is used to prevent an anoxic event or hypoxia. Hypoxia can affect nutrient uptake of a plant because without oxygen present, respiration becomes inhibited within the root cells. The Nutrient film technique is a variation of hydroponic technique. The roots are not fully submerged, which allows for adequate aeration of the roots, while a ""film"" thin layer of nutrient rich water is pumped through the system to provide nutrients and water to the plant.