CommercialFoundations
... an integral footing created by thickening the slab USES • Residential or light commercial construction • Shallow frost depth or when frost protection is used (instead of strip footing) ...
... an integral footing created by thickening the slab USES • Residential or light commercial construction • Shallow frost depth or when frost protection is used (instead of strip footing) ...
Section 1-Maggie-final_AM
... This species has smooth pale green to mottled bark; numerous thin pencil-like pneumatophores or aerial roots, protrude through the mud. The leaves are opposite, narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate usually with a distinct yellowish tinge. Undersurface appear white or silvery, salt glands present on bot ...
... This species has smooth pale green to mottled bark; numerous thin pencil-like pneumatophores or aerial roots, protrude through the mud. The leaves are opposite, narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate usually with a distinct yellowish tinge. Undersurface appear white or silvery, salt glands present on bot ...
Bulk density
... thus decreasing the water holding capacity of the soil. This decrease in water holding capacity is especially significant in the larger pore spaces that are readily available to hold water which plants can utilize. ...
... thus decreasing the water holding capacity of the soil. This decrease in water holding capacity is especially significant in the larger pore spaces that are readily available to hold water which plants can utilize. ...
Plants before flowers: focus on cycads
... Beware the tar tree, Semecarpus australiensis, which produces its fruits between November and January. Reasonably common in coastal and lowland forests and beach suburbs, this tree is sometimes called the native cashew because the fruits look very ...
... Beware the tar tree, Semecarpus australiensis, which produces its fruits between November and January. Reasonably common in coastal and lowland forests and beach suburbs, this tree is sometimes called the native cashew because the fruits look very ...
Gloriosa Rothschildiana
... or down to bulb depth during their growing cycle. In northern locations store them well above freezing through the winter and plant again in the spring with warmer temperatures. Gloriosa lily tubers are a relative to the lily family and therefore require high light levels and warm temperatures to gr ...
... or down to bulb depth during their growing cycle. In northern locations store them well above freezing through the winter and plant again in the spring with warmer temperatures. Gloriosa lily tubers are a relative to the lily family and therefore require high light levels and warm temperatures to gr ...
Water-Soluble Vitamins - 35-206-202
... • Identify the water-soluble vitamins • List important food sources for each water-soluble vitamin • Describe how each water-soluble vitamin is absorbed, transported, stored and excreted • List the major functions of and deficiency symptoms for each water-soluble vitamin ...
... • Identify the water-soluble vitamins • List important food sources for each water-soluble vitamin • Describe how each water-soluble vitamin is absorbed, transported, stored and excreted • List the major functions of and deficiency symptoms for each water-soluble vitamin ...
Original Article - Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
... adverse effects of excessive intake. They are derived in various ways depending on the type of information available. They may be adapted from the dietary intake levels of the healthy population, extrapolated from the results of animal studies, extrapolated from data of other age groups, or based up ...
... adverse effects of excessive intake. They are derived in various ways depending on the type of information available. They may be adapted from the dietary intake levels of the healthy population, extrapolated from the results of animal studies, extrapolated from data of other age groups, or based up ...
Expt. How do flowering plants do it without flagella? The journey to
... seed plants can reproduce sexually. Pollen grains have a limited life span. Depending on the species, pollen may be viable for only a few hours up to several weeks after it is released from the anther. Many plants rely on wind to aid in pollination. However, most flowering plants use animal agents t ...
... seed plants can reproduce sexually. Pollen grains have a limited life span. Depending on the species, pollen may be viable for only a few hours up to several weeks after it is released from the anther. Many plants rely on wind to aid in pollination. However, most flowering plants use animal agents t ...
The Soil Defined The Soil Profile
... resynthesized plant and animal residues. Such material is in an active state of decay, being subject to attack by soil microorganisms. Consequently, it is a rather transitory soil constituent and must be renewed constantly by the addition of plant residues. The organic matter content of a soil is sm ...
... resynthesized plant and animal residues. Such material is in an active state of decay, being subject to attack by soil microorganisms. Consequently, it is a rather transitory soil constituent and must be renewed constantly by the addition of plant residues. The organic matter content of a soil is sm ...
Lawn, Garden, and Landscape Soil Analysis - Servi
... Acid loving species: includes azaleas, blueberries, rhododendron, others Vines & Brambles: include woody fruits, grapes, blackberries, raspberries, etc. Container grown plants : If using a potting soil or peat‐based mix, request the "Saturated Media Extract" or "SME" test. Requires at least one q ...
... Acid loving species: includes azaleas, blueberries, rhododendron, others Vines & Brambles: include woody fruits, grapes, blackberries, raspberries, etc. Container grown plants : If using a potting soil or peat‐based mix, request the "Saturated Media Extract" or "SME" test. Requires at least one q ...
Regulation of secondary metabolism in fungi
... intermediate in the aflatoxin pathway. These workers found that whereas ammonium salts support both growth and production, nitrate utilization yields only growth. Kachholz and Demain (27) working with an averufin—(another intermediate) producing mutant showed that nitrate represses averufin producti ...
... intermediate in the aflatoxin pathway. These workers found that whereas ammonium salts support both growth and production, nitrate utilization yields only growth. Kachholz and Demain (27) working with an averufin—(another intermediate) producing mutant showed that nitrate represses averufin producti ...
How Plants Grow in Response to Their Environment
... A second example of these relationships is the elongation of the shoot in an etiolated seedling (one that is pale and slender from having been kept in the dark). Such plants become normal when exposed to light, especially red light, but the effects of such exposure are canceled by far-red light. Thi ...
... A second example of these relationships is the elongation of the shoot in an etiolated seedling (one that is pale and slender from having been kept in the dark). Such plants become normal when exposed to light, especially red light, but the effects of such exposure are canceled by far-red light. Thi ...
What is Soil?
... Soil covers much of the land on Earth. All soils are made up of sand, silt, or clay. This describes the particle sizes, not the type of parent material it is composed of. Parent materials are the types of rocks and minerals it is derived from. Soils have other components: air, water and organic matt ...
... Soil covers much of the land on Earth. All soils are made up of sand, silt, or clay. This describes the particle sizes, not the type of parent material it is composed of. Parent materials are the types of rocks and minerals it is derived from. Soils have other components: air, water and organic matt ...
Soils 2 - Coastalzone
... Soil color isimportant for several reasons: first it is an observable measure of the orgainic content, but it may also be an indicator of drainage and aeration. To the trained eye soil color may also indicte the history of the soil. Soil color are important features and are used as part of a soil d ...
... Soil color isimportant for several reasons: first it is an observable measure of the orgainic content, but it may also be an indicator of drainage and aeration. To the trained eye soil color may also indicte the history of the soil. Soil color are important features and are used as part of a soil d ...
Determination of levels of damage caused by different densities of
... High densities affect leaf area development, while densities below four females per plant permitted the plants to have better foliar development (Tab. 1). When infestation densities are low (2 and 4 females/plant, approximately 26 and 52 larvae per plant) foliar area development is even higher than ...
... High densities affect leaf area development, while densities below four females per plant permitted the plants to have better foliar development (Tab. 1). When infestation densities are low (2 and 4 females/plant, approximately 26 and 52 larvae per plant) foliar area development is even higher than ...
Lecture PDF
... Plant in large groups. Full sun, will tolerate poor soils, and prefer well-drained soil. Flowers will not open on cloudy days or in deep shade. Do not mow foliage until it senesces. L-Scape: Naturalizing in grass, rock gardens, beneath trees Pests: Mice, voles, squirrels eat corms. Cultivars: 'Jeann ...
... Plant in large groups. Full sun, will tolerate poor soils, and prefer well-drained soil. Flowers will not open on cloudy days or in deep shade. Do not mow foliage until it senesces. L-Scape: Naturalizing in grass, rock gardens, beneath trees Pests: Mice, voles, squirrels eat corms. Cultivars: 'Jeann ...
Current Page
... with lush dark green leaves borne on short branches. It makes a fine plant for lining a path or growing against a wall, where the canes will not lean forward. In this situation it needs plenty of water. It may also be used as a screening plant, as a grove, or as a single, impressive specimen. Height ...
... with lush dark green leaves borne on short branches. It makes a fine plant for lining a path or growing against a wall, where the canes will not lean forward. In this situation it needs plenty of water. It may also be used as a screening plant, as a grove, or as a single, impressive specimen. Height ...
Manhattan Spreading Euonymus
... Landscape Attributes: Manhattan Spreading Euonymus is a multi-stemmed evergreen shrub with a more or less rounded form. Its relatively fine texture sets it apart from other landscape plants with less refined foliage. This shrub will require occasional maintenance and upkeep, and can be pruned at any ...
... Landscape Attributes: Manhattan Spreading Euonymus is a multi-stemmed evergreen shrub with a more or less rounded form. Its relatively fine texture sets it apart from other landscape plants with less refined foliage. This shrub will require occasional maintenance and upkeep, and can be pruned at any ...
Fiddlewood
... Biology and Ecology: Fiddlewood is deciduous during the dry season, and it can be seen from a considerable distance when the leaves turn orange prior to fall. This is the best time to map fiddlewood. Physical control: If cut and not treated, fiddlewood will grow back. Chemical control: No trials hav ...
... Biology and Ecology: Fiddlewood is deciduous during the dry season, and it can be seen from a considerable distance when the leaves turn orange prior to fall. This is the best time to map fiddlewood. Physical control: If cut and not treated, fiddlewood will grow back. Chemical control: No trials hav ...
World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology
... Several reports have indicated that practices associated with organic farming have a positive effect on soil microbial diversity and soil process but there is little evidence of direct negative effects of chemical fertilizers on soil microbial community (Stark et al. 2007). Workers have also advocat ...
... Several reports have indicated that practices associated with organic farming have a positive effect on soil microbial diversity and soil process but there is little evidence of direct negative effects of chemical fertilizers on soil microbial community (Stark et al. 2007). Workers have also advocat ...
Plants of Renfrew Ravine - Still Moon Arts Society
... water once established and even grows during the winter. English Ivy has dull green, lobed leaves with light veins that grow alternately along trailing or climbing stems. Ivy covers shrubs and encircles trees of all sizes that eventually lead to the plants dying from not receiving enough light due t ...
... water once established and even grows during the winter. English Ivy has dull green, lobed leaves with light veins that grow alternately along trailing or climbing stems. Ivy covers shrubs and encircles trees of all sizes that eventually lead to the plants dying from not receiving enough light due t ...
J. Bio. & Env. Sci. - International network for natural sciences
... area is rich in terms of biodiversity represented by enormous numbers of plants of all categories of lower and higher plants. The selected plants used in folk medicinal recipes belong to different groups including Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. Torkoh Valley of Chitral has a different c ...
... area is rich in terms of biodiversity represented by enormous numbers of plants of all categories of lower and higher plants. The selected plants used in folk medicinal recipes belong to different groups including Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. Torkoh Valley of Chitral has a different c ...
EVALUATION OF IN-VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CASSIA SIAMEALEAVES
... #Values are the average of triplicate; Includes the cup diameter (6mm). DISCUSSION Ethanol extract did not show any effect on E.coli, B.subtilis, B.pumilis and P.aeruginosa at lower concentrations – Table 1. Negative results do not mean absence of bioactive constituents nor is that the plant inactiv ...
... #Values are the average of triplicate; Includes the cup diameter (6mm). DISCUSSION Ethanol extract did not show any effect on E.coli, B.subtilis, B.pumilis and P.aeruginosa at lower concentrations – Table 1. Negative results do not mean absence of bioactive constituents nor is that the plant inactiv ...
Kumson Forsythia - The Growing Place
... - General Garden Use Plant Characteristics: Kumson Forsythia will grow to be about 6 feet tall at maturity, with a spread of 6 feet. It has a low canopy, and is suitable for planting under power lines. It grows at a fast rate, and under ideal conditions can be expected to live for 40 years or more. ...
... - General Garden Use Plant Characteristics: Kumson Forsythia will grow to be about 6 feet tall at maturity, with a spread of 6 feet. It has a low canopy, and is suitable for planting under power lines. It grows at a fast rate, and under ideal conditions can be expected to live for 40 years or more. ...
CHAPTER 29
... Fossils dating from 420 million years ago show that early plants formed symbiotic associations with fungi. ...
... Fossils dating from 420 million years ago show that early plants formed symbiotic associations with fungi. ...
Plant nutrition
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Plant nutrition is the study of the chemical elements and compounds that are necessary for plant growth, and also of their external supply and internal metabolism. In 1972, E. Epstein defined two criteria for an element to be essential for plant growth: in its absence the plant is unable to complete a normal life cycle; or that the element is part of some essential plant constituent or metabolite.This is in accordance with Liebig's law of the minimum. There are 14 essential plant nutrients. Carbon and oxygen are absorbed from the air, while other nutrients including water are typically obtained from the soil (exceptions include some parasitic or carnivorous plants).Plants must obtain the following mineral nutrients from the growing media: the primary macronutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) the three secondary macronutrients: calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg) the micronutrients/trace minerals: boron (B), chlorine (Cl), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni)The macronutrients are consumed in larger quantities and are present in plant tissue in quantities from 0.2% to 4.0% (on a dry matter weight basis). Micro nutrients are present in plant tissue in quantities measured in parts per million, ranging from 5 to 200 ppm, or less than 0.02% dry weight.Most soil conditions across the world can provide plants with adequate nutrition and do not require fertilizer for a complete life cycle. However, humans can artificially modify soil through the addition of fertilizer to promote vigorous growth and increase yield. The plants are able to obtain their required nutrients from the fertilizer added to the soil. A colloidal carbonaceous residue, known as humus, can serve as a nutrient reservoir. Even with adequate water and sunshine, nutrient deficiency can limit growth.Nutrient uptake from the soil is achieved by cation exchange, where root hairs pump hydrogen ions (H+) into the soil through proton pumps. These hydrogen ions displace cations attached to negatively charged soil particles so that the cations are available for uptake by the root.Plant nutrition is a difficult subject to understand completely, partly because of the variation between different plants and even between different species or individuals of a given clone. An element present at a low level may cause deficiency symptoms, while the same element at a higher level may cause toxicity. Further, deficiency of one element may present as symptoms of toxicity from another element. An abundance of one nutrient may cause a deficiency of another nutrient. For example, lower availability of a given nutrient such as SO42− can affect the uptake of another nutrient, such as NO3−. As another example, K+ uptake can be influenced by the amount of NH4+ available.The root, especially the root hair, is the most essential organ for the uptake of nutrients. The structure and architecture of the root can alter the rate of nutrient uptake. Nutrient ions are transported to the center of the root, the stele in order for the nutrients to reach the conducting tissues, xylem and phloem. The Casparian strip, a cell wall outside the stele but within the root, prevents passive flow of water and nutrients, helping to regulate the uptake of nutrients and water. Xylem moves water and inorganic molecules within the plant and phloem accounts for organic molecule transportation. Water potential plays a key role in a plants nutrient uptake. If the water potential is more negative within the plant than the surrounding soils, the nutrients will move from the region of higher solute concentration—in the soil—to the area of lower solute concentration: in the plant.There are three fundamental ways plants uptake nutrients through the root: simple diffusion, occurs when a nonpolar molecule, such as O2, CO2, and NH3 follows a concentration gradient, moving passively through the cell lipid bilayer membrane without the use of transport proteins. facilitated diffusion, is the rapid movement of solutes or ions following a concentration gradient, facilitated by transport proteins. Active transport, is the uptake by cells of ions or molecules against a concentration gradient; this requires an energy source, usually ATP, to power molecular pumps that move the ions or molecules through the membrane. Nutrients are moved inside a plant to where they are most needed. For example, a plant will try to supply more nutrients to its younger leaves than to its older ones. When nutrients are mobile, symptoms of any deficiency become apparent first on the older leaves. However, not all nutrients are equally mobile. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are mobile nutrients, while the others have varying degrees of mobility. When a less mobile nutrient is deficient, the younger leaves suffer because the nutrient does not move up to them but stays in the older leaves. This phenomenon is helpful in determining which nutrients a plant may be lacking.Many plants engage in symbiosis with microorganisms. Two important types of these relationship are with bacteria such as rhizobia, that carry out biological nitrogen fixation, in which atmospheric nitrogen (N2) is converted into ammonium (NH4); and with mycorrhizal fungi, which through their association with the plant roots help to create a larger effective root surface area. Both of these mutualistic relationships enhance nutrient uptake. Though nitrogen is plentiful in the Earth's atmosphere, relatively few plants harbor nitrogen fixing bacteria, so most plants rely on nitrogen compounds present in the soil to support their growth. These can be supplied by mineralization of soil organic matter or added plant residues, nitrogen fixing bacteria, animal waste, or through the application of fertilizers.Hydroponics, is a method for growing plants in a water-nutrient solution without the use of nutrient-rich soil. It allows researchers and home gardeners to grow their plants in a controlled environment. The most common solution, is the Hoagland solution, developed by D. R. Hoagland in 1933, the solution consists of all the essential nutrients in the correct proportions necessary for most plant growth. An aerator is used to prevent an anoxic event or hypoxia. Hypoxia can affect nutrient uptake of a plant because without oxygen present, respiration becomes inhibited within the root cells. The Nutrient film technique is a variation of hydroponic technique. The roots are not fully submerged, which allows for adequate aeration of the roots, while a ""film"" thin layer of nutrient rich water is pumped through the system to provide nutrients and water to the plant.