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9. Leaves - New Zealand Plant Conservation Network
9. Leaves - New Zealand Plant Conservation Network

... is important not to include the leaf stalk when taking a measurement of a leaf. A leaf is regarded as broad if its width is more than half the length: ...
Firecracker Penstemon, Beardtongue
Firecracker Penstemon, Beardtongue

... It can grow between 10” to over 3’, and 1’ to 3’ wide. Its bright, tubular shaped scarlet flowers hang from arching stems. The lance shaped blue-green leaves have a leathery texture. Bright flowers occur in profusion with up to 30 blooms on a single stalk, with the flowers hanging like pendants. The ...
The Leafy Spurge Plant
The Leafy Spurge Plant

... there are 2S to ISO seeds per stalk. The date of first ap­ pearance of the inflorescence varies between early and late May (17). Flowering generally ceases in terminal in­ florescences between late June and mid July. The development and maturation of seeds extends approx­ imately 30 days beyond the ...
Woodland Plants - Credit Valley Conservation
Woodland Plants - Credit Valley Conservation

... Native plants have evolved for hundreds, sometimes thousands, of years in our area, becoming accustomed to our climate, soils and other conditions. These plants evolved with local wildlife, such as birds and pollinators who use them for food, shelter and other basic needs – needs that non-native pla ...
Buckhorn Plantain - Utah State University Extension
Buckhorn Plantain - Utah State University Extension

... problem because it reduces the health of the plants that remain by crowding out desirable plant species and using up soil nutrients, water, and light. Buckhorn plantain grows in both wet and dry periods, but tends to dominate pastures in very dry situations. Recent drought conditions have caused thi ...
Types of Root System In Angiosperms
Types of Root System In Angiosperms

... Adventitious root system • The growth of radicle is arrested • A bunch of uniform roots arises from the base of the stem, not from radicle • As they do not develop from the radicle these are called adventitious roots. • All the roots are slender and equally developed . • All the roots look like fibr ...
Characteristics of Weeds for Weed ID
Characteristics of Weeds for Weed ID

... be found flowering during the summer – leaves: alternate leaves have a circular shape with rounded tooth along the margins. Each leaf grows on a long petiole at the center of the leaf. – flowers: occur in clusters at the ends of long stalks Each small flower has 5 white petals – seeds/fruit: The see ...
Obligate cremnophytes are exiled to life on a cliff and... habitat where there is no (or limited) disturbance by larger... CHAPTER 5
Obligate cremnophytes are exiled to life on a cliff and... habitat where there is no (or limited) disturbance by larger... CHAPTER 5

... stamens during the male phase, followed by the female phase during which the stigmas become spreading. (2) The central cone flower is found in the cremnophyte Ruschia promontorii [216], with the stamens collected into a central cone in the flower, later to be overtopped by the stigmas. During the fi ...
Succulent of the Month - San Gabriel Cactus and Succulent Society
Succulent of the Month - San Gabriel Cactus and Succulent Society

... Propagation of almost all Crassula species is most easily done by vegetative offsets. Cuttings should taken when the plants are in active growth, early spring being best, left to dry for a day or two, and then simply potted in the same mix as the original plant. Rooting is almost always rapid and ne ...
2017 Plant Catalog - Garden Club of Harrington Park
2017 Plant Catalog - Garden Club of Harrington Park

... Cool season flowers that grow easily in most gardens and start the gardening season off with a wild splash of color, best in spring & fall but can repeat throughout the season; great in border; outstanding in mass plantings or borders; teams well w/ pansies & spring bulbs; attracts butterflies & bee ...
How to Use a Dichotomous Key
How to Use a Dichotomous Key

... • The key to common desk items is organized in couplets. Couplet 1 consists of two differentiating choices - a and b, and instructions for which couplet to go to next - 2 or 3. • Couplet 2 is shown which consists of two choices and in this example also indicates the identity of items fitting the key ...
A Beginner`s Guide to Fruit Tree, Fruiting Vine and Nut Tree
A Beginner`s Guide to Fruit Tree, Fruiting Vine and Nut Tree

... about 2 inches (5 centimeters) across and 4 inches (10 centimeters) long Flowers/Blooms: The solitary white flowers are 1½ to 2 inches (4 to 5 centimeters) across, have 5 petals, 20 or more stamens, 5 styles, an inferior ovary with many ovules, and are borne on current season growth. Bloom time over ...
Malvaceae Genus: Anoda Species: cristata summer annual
Malvaceae Genus: Anoda Species: cristata summer annual

... yellow flowers Cotyledons long & thin, plant begins as basal ...
Butterfly defence strategies - Wet Tropics Management Authority
Butterfly defence strategies - Wet Tropics Management Authority

... Evening Brown Butterfly also merges well with the dead leaves on which it settles. Many Blues perform perfect disappearing acts. The pretty colours of their upper wings vanish as soon as they settle and close them to expose their dull underwings. ...
LOSS OF SEXUAL RECOMBINATION AND SEGREGATION IS
LOSS OF SEXUAL RECOMBINATION AND SEGREGATION IS

... through ovules, while the other haploid set passes through the pollen. And third, PTH species self-fertilize by dehiscing pollen onto receptive stigmas before flowers open (Fig. 1B). In essence, seeds are formed by pulling apart the parental genome and putting it back together without recombination ...
Chapter 35 Presentation-Plant Structure and Growth
Chapter 35 Presentation-Plant Structure and Growth

... •These are shorter and run perpendicular to the stem/root axis. •These consist of parenchyma cells and provide a way for H2O and nutrients to flow between secondary xylem and secondary phloem. ...
Sporobolus jacquemontii
Sporobolus jacquemontii

... The tiny seeds (i.e. grains or caryopses) turn reddish-brown in colour as they mature and are oblong or egg-shaped (i.e. obovoid). These seeds (0.8-1 mm long and up to 0.5 mm wide) separate from the remainder of the flower spikelet at maturity (i.e. the pale coloured old glumes remain on the seed-he ...
Poisonous Outdoor Plants Cove... - Alberta Agriculture and Forestry
Poisonous Outdoor Plants Cove... - Alberta Agriculture and Forestry

... Potentially irritating chemicals often accumulate in plant storage organs such as seeds and roots. Thus, a small amount of this type of tissue can contain a relatively large amount of toxin. Other plant effects are strictly mechanical and can be irritating because of punctures made by spines or thor ...
CFL1, a WW Domain Protein, Regulates Cuticle
CFL1, a WW Domain Protein, Regulates Cuticle

... plant development. For example, a properly synthesized cuticle is required for pollen–pistil interactions, and leaves with defectively developed cuticles show postgenital organ fusion (Pruitt et al., 2000; Sieber et al., 2000; Nawrath, 2006). The cuticle changes continuously during plant development ...
Poisonous Plants - Lamb
Poisonous Plants - Lamb

... A poison emergency kit should contain: 1. the Poison Center phone number for your area, 2. syrup of ipecac and 3. activated charcoal. The Illinois Poison Center telephone number is: 1-800-942-5969; TDD access at 312/906-6185. They also have a website at: http://www.mchc.org/ipc/ipc.html. Note: This ...
Avoiding bad genes: oxidatively damaged DNA in germ
Avoiding bad genes: oxidatively damaged DNA in germ

... Sexual selection may not only act through behaviours leading to differential copulation with the preferred mate, but also across postcopulatory mechanisms after mating with several mates.(68) In that scenario, females should choose among sperm from different males simultaneously (or sequentially) pr ...
structure of plants and fungi
structure of plants and fungi

... cormophytes. The definition of unicellulars is simple but the sharp distinction of the latter two is not always easy. According to the general view, the basic difference is the lack of tissue differentiation in thallophytes and the organization of tissue systems in cormophytes. The three dimensional ...
Common Insect and Mite Pests of Small Grains
Common Insect and Mite Pests of Small Grains

... presence of small white eggs attached to their “neck,” just behind the head capsule. Large armyworms over 1 1/4 inches long are mature. The white eggs are laid by a fly parasite. If most caterpillars are large or many have eggs, treatment is probably not necessary. The treatment threshold is three t ...
Chapter 4
Chapter 4

... seed to maturity within one growing season • Usually green, herbaceous plants • Most monocots are annuals, but many dicots are ...
Secondary Compounds - Sustainable Agriculture Research and
Secondary Compounds - Sustainable Agriculture Research and

... This is a weed of pastures and forest and is widely spread throughout the tropics, common in wetter areas. Introduced in the early 19th century this plants occurs on all inhabited islands (2). ...
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Plant reproduction



Plant reproduction is the production of new individuals or offspring in plants, which can be accomplished by sexual or asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction produces offspring by the fusion of gametes, resulting in offspring genetically different from the parent or parents. Asexual reproduction produces new individuals without the fusion of gametes, genetically identical to the parent plants and each other, except when mutations occur. In seed plants, the offspring can be packaged in a protective seed, which is used as an agent of dispersal.
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