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lec17-memoryhier2
lec17-memoryhier2

... instructions executed by VMM, speed to emulate – ISA is virtualizable if can execute VM directly on real machine while letting VMM retain ultimate control of CPU: “direct execution” – Since VMs have been considered for desktop/PC server apps only recently, most ISAs were created ignoring virtualizat ...
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... of MS-DOS and compatible systems led to the development of programs known as memory managers when PC main memories started to be routinely larger than 640 KB in the late 1980s. „ These move portions of the operating system outside their normal locations in order to increase the amount of conventiona ...
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... CPU time, and I/O devices to programs  Protects users and programs from each other and provides for inter-program communication  Provides feedback to the system administrators to permit performance optimization of the computer system Chapter 13 Operating Systems: An Overview ...
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... may happen if several programs use the same device (say a printer) at the same time. The result could be chaotic as the prints of the programs may overlap. From this point of view the operating system acts as a referee. In particular it decides when and how long an application can use a given resour ...
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... After I/O starts, control returns to user program without waiting for I/O completion. System call – request to the operating system to allow user to wait for I/O completion. Device-status table contains entry for each I/O device indicating its type, address, and state. OS indexes into I/O device tab ...
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Paging

In computer operating systems, paging is one of the memory management schemes by which a computer stores and retrieves data from the secondary storage for use in main memory. In the paging memory-management scheme, the operating system retrieves data from secondary storage in same-size blocks called pages. The main advantage of paging over memory segmentation is that it allows the physical address space of a process to be noncontiguous. Before paging came into use, systems had to fit whole programs or their whole segments into storage contiguously, which caused various storage and fragmentation problems.Paging is an important part of virtual memory implementation in most contemporary general-purpose operating systems, allowing them to use secondary storage for data that does not fit into physical random-access memory (RAM).
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