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... number and development of gap junctions. Therefore, the pacemaker activity in the right atrium is governed by the pacemaker cells in the center of the SA node. The SA node is the primary site of spontaneous pacemaker activity that produces the electrical impulse causing cardiac automaticity. This el ...
... number and development of gap junctions. Therefore, the pacemaker activity in the right atrium is governed by the pacemaker cells in the center of the SA node. The SA node is the primary site of spontaneous pacemaker activity that produces the electrical impulse causing cardiac automaticity. This el ...
Bedside Flow-Directed Balloon Catheterization in the Critically Ill
... Mixed venous Po 2 ( Pvo 2 ). The flow-directed catheter also permits sampling of true mixed venous blood (obtained from the pulmonary artery) for Po 2 and oxygen content determinations. The Pvo 2 (normal range in a nonanemic patient, 35 to 40 torr) reflects changes in cardiac output and tissue perfu ...
... Mixed venous Po 2 ( Pvo 2 ). The flow-directed catheter also permits sampling of true mixed venous blood (obtained from the pulmonary artery) for Po 2 and oxygen content determinations. The Pvo 2 (normal range in a nonanemic patient, 35 to 40 torr) reflects changes in cardiac output and tissue perfu ...
2015 Exercise and the heart- the good, the bad, and the ugly
... The benefits of exercise are irrefutable. Individuals engaging in regular exercise have a favourable cardiovascular risk profile for coronary artery disease and reduce their risk of myocardial infarction by 50%. Exercise promotes longevity of life, reduces the risk of some malignancies, retards the ...
... The benefits of exercise are irrefutable. Individuals engaging in regular exercise have a favourable cardiovascular risk profile for coronary artery disease and reduce their risk of myocardial infarction by 50%. Exercise promotes longevity of life, reduces the risk of some malignancies, retards the ...
Diastolic Dysfunction
... Figure 2 Doppler echocardiogram shows normal pattern of diastolic filling. Opening of the mitral value produces increased flow velocity through the valve annulus, which is represented as a large E wave (E). During late diastolic filling, the transmitral pressure gradient increases once again, with a ...
... Figure 2 Doppler echocardiogram shows normal pattern of diastolic filling. Opening of the mitral value produces increased flow velocity through the valve annulus, which is represented as a large E wave (E). During late diastolic filling, the transmitral pressure gradient increases once again, with a ...
Venous return
... 1. Vessels could be considered as conduits, connecting the heart to the periphery. 2 Vessels, however are also elastic „containers”, and their capacity to blood is determined by their distending pressure. 3 Pressure could be generated by blood flowing through the tubes. 4 Certain amount of pressure ...
... 1. Vessels could be considered as conduits, connecting the heart to the periphery. 2 Vessels, however are also elastic „containers”, and their capacity to blood is determined by their distending pressure. 3 Pressure could be generated by blood flowing through the tubes. 4 Certain amount of pressure ...
Diagnosis of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia: A Review1
... ARVD must be considered as a part of the group of idiopathic cardiomyopathies, based on its na ture of progressive heart muscle disease with un clear pathogenesis and etiology. The male-tofemale ratio is 2.7:1.0. Basso et al (1) addressed the etiology and pathogenesis and proposed four hypotheses ...
... ARVD must be considered as a part of the group of idiopathic cardiomyopathies, based on its na ture of progressive heart muscle disease with un clear pathogenesis and etiology. The male-tofemale ratio is 2.7:1.0. Basso et al (1) addressed the etiology and pathogenesis and proposed four hypotheses ...
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator
... risk, with the assumption that appropriate shocks are life-saving, these rates are considered adequate evidence for the use of SCDs in patients with HCM. The evidence is sufficient to determine qualitatively that the technology results in a meaningful improvement in the net health outcome. The evide ...
... risk, with the assumption that appropriate shocks are life-saving, these rates are considered adequate evidence for the use of SCDs in patients with HCM. The evidence is sufficient to determine qualitatively that the technology results in a meaningful improvement in the net health outcome. The evide ...
Myxomatous Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease: An Update
... enlarged mitral orifice. This technique is not required a bypass operation. Therefore, it might be used as a palliative treatment in dogs affected by MVD with severe mitral valve regurgitation (Hamlin et al., 2000). Presently, no drugs or treatments can slow the progression of myxomatous degeneratio ...
... enlarged mitral orifice. This technique is not required a bypass operation. Therefore, it might be used as a palliative treatment in dogs affected by MVD with severe mitral valve regurgitation (Hamlin et al., 2000). Presently, no drugs or treatments can slow the progression of myxomatous degeneratio ...
Section 2: Hypertension
... Hypertension has for years been recognized as a major risk factor in the development of kidney failure as well as cardiovascular disorders (particularly stroke, heart attack and heart failure). Individuals with hypertension may often be symptom free, therefore they may fail to seek medical attention ...
... Hypertension has for years been recognized as a major risk factor in the development of kidney failure as well as cardiovascular disorders (particularly stroke, heart attack and heart failure). Individuals with hypertension may often be symptom free, therefore they may fail to seek medical attention ...
The Effect of Surgical Weight Reduction on Left Ventricular Structure
... and systolic blood pressure (BP) decreased (43.3 ± 6.3 to 34.1 ± 5.6 kg/m2, P < 0.001, and 146 ± 12 to 130 ± 14 mm Hg, P < 0.001, respectively). In left ventricular (LV) geometry, the relative wall thickness (RWT) and LV mass index decreased significantly (0.43 ± 0.05 to 0.35 ± 0.05, P < 0.001, and ...
... and systolic blood pressure (BP) decreased (43.3 ± 6.3 to 34.1 ± 5.6 kg/m2, P < 0.001, and 146 ± 12 to 130 ± 14 mm Hg, P < 0.001, respectively). In left ventricular (LV) geometry, the relative wall thickness (RWT) and LV mass index decreased significantly (0.43 ± 0.05 to 0.35 ± 0.05, P < 0.001, and ...
Diastolic Heart Failure:Challenges of Diagnosis and Treatment (Am
... changes tend to decrease ventricular compliance,making patients with diastolic dysfunction more susceptible to the adverse effects of hypertension, tachycardia, and atrial fibrillation. Diagnosis The signs and symptoms of heart failure are nonspecific (dyspnea, exercise intolerance, fatigue, weaknes ...
... changes tend to decrease ventricular compliance,making patients with diastolic dysfunction more susceptible to the adverse effects of hypertension, tachycardia, and atrial fibrillation. Diagnosis The signs and symptoms of heart failure are nonspecific (dyspnea, exercise intolerance, fatigue, weaknes ...
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY ASSESSMENT OF SYSTOLIC FUNCTION
... low sensitivity in detecting subtle LV systolic impairment [18]. The majority of new methods still compare their results with EF, as if it were the “gold standard” [19]. There is, however, one important limitation of EF, which is the reason why EF cannot be used in all patients! The EF was primarily ...
... low sensitivity in detecting subtle LV systolic impairment [18]. The majority of new methods still compare their results with EF, as if it were the “gold standard” [19]. There is, however, one important limitation of EF, which is the reason why EF cannot be used in all patients! The EF was primarily ...
in Congestive Heart Failure
... unchanged from control (C)- by dopamine. With simultaneous NP and dopamine infusion P was reduced to 83.1 ± 3.6 mm Hg (P < 0.05 vs C; P < 0.05 vs dopamine alone). The mean heart rate of 74.8 beats/min was not changed significantly by NP (fig. 1 B), dopamine or by combination of the two agents. Left ...
... unchanged from control (C)- by dopamine. With simultaneous NP and dopamine infusion P was reduced to 83.1 ± 3.6 mm Hg (P < 0.05 vs C; P < 0.05 vs dopamine alone). The mean heart rate of 74.8 beats/min was not changed significantly by NP (fig. 1 B), dopamine or by combination of the two agents. Left ...
mechanical properties of the heart
... ejected into the arterial system on the previous beat gradually moves from the large arteries to the capillary bed. At time A there is electrical activation of the heart, contraction begins, and pressure rises inside the chamber. Early after contraction begins, LVP rises to be greater than left atri ...
... ejected into the arterial system on the previous beat gradually moves from the large arteries to the capillary bed. At time A there is electrical activation of the heart, contraction begins, and pressure rises inside the chamber. Early after contraction begins, LVP rises to be greater than left atri ...
Accuracy of Chest Radiography plus Electrocardiogram in
... Background: Chest radiography and electrocardiogram have been criticized due to their low sensitivity for Left Ventricular Hypertrophy diagnosis compared to echocardiogram. This one, however, is not available in primary health care centers to all hypertensive population. Objective: To evaluate wheth ...
... Background: Chest radiography and electrocardiogram have been criticized due to their low sensitivity for Left Ventricular Hypertrophy diagnosis compared to echocardiogram. This one, however, is not available in primary health care centers to all hypertensive population. Objective: To evaluate wheth ...
Sudden Cardiac Death in End-Stage Renal Disease
... considered as SCDs because there were attributable causes. Death preceded by an arrhythmic event was classified as attributed to malignant arrhythmia and not as SCD. Deaths occurring after termination of dialysis were not regarded as unexpected and, thus, not as SCD. All of the deaths were accuratel ...
... considered as SCDs because there were attributable causes. Death preceded by an arrhythmic event was classified as attributed to malignant arrhythmia and not as SCD. Deaths occurring after termination of dialysis were not regarded as unexpected and, thus, not as SCD. All of the deaths were accuratel ...
Thirty-Five Years of Mechanical Circulatory Support at the Texas
... eplacing the failing human heart has had a turbulent history. The 1st human-to-human heart transplantation, performed by Christiaan Barnard in 1967,1 marked an exciting advance in cardiac surgery. It revealed to the medical community at large and to the public that failing hearts could be replaced, ...
... eplacing the failing human heart has had a turbulent history. The 1st human-to-human heart transplantation, performed by Christiaan Barnard in 1967,1 marked an exciting advance in cardiac surgery. It revealed to the medical community at large and to the public that failing hearts could be replaced, ...
Impact of surgical correction of pectus excavatum - diss.fu
... On the other hand, the RV has prognostic impact on different entities [6]. In congenital heart disease, most of the prognostic data are based on cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) as a standard of three-dimensional (3D) quantification of cardiac function [7]. CMR does not depend on thoracic ana ...
... On the other hand, the RV has prognostic impact on different entities [6]. In congenital heart disease, most of the prognostic data are based on cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) as a standard of three-dimensional (3D) quantification of cardiac function [7]. CMR does not depend on thoracic ana ...
Audio-Visual Based Recognition of Auscultatory Heart Sounds with
... In this disease, the mitral valve does not close properly when the heart pumps out blood. This causes abnormal leaking of blood through the mitral valve and into the left atrium when the left ventricle contracts [12]. Two types of murmurs occur after S1: an SM and a diastolic murmur (DM); almost noi ...
... In this disease, the mitral valve does not close properly when the heart pumps out blood. This causes abnormal leaking of blood through the mitral valve and into the left atrium when the left ventricle contracts [12]. Two types of murmurs occur after S1: an SM and a diastolic murmur (DM); almost noi ...
Research on Atrial septal defect (ASD)
... between atria before birth. If the opening does not close after birth, it leads to a defect called ASD. It will cause mixing of pure and impure blood which leads to decreased blood supply to all parts of the body. Nowadays, the most defects are closed percutaneously, but there will always remain def ...
... between atria before birth. If the opening does not close after birth, it leads to a defect called ASD. It will cause mixing of pure and impure blood which leads to decreased blood supply to all parts of the body. Nowadays, the most defects are closed percutaneously, but there will always remain def ...
Aortic Dissection Involving the Ostium of Left Main Coronary Artery
... evaluation for AAD, primarily because of its inadequacy in visualizing the distal ascending and descending aorta. Transesophageal echocardiography overcomes many of the limitations of TTE because of the proximity of the esophagus to the aorta. It also is widely available, relatively safe, and easy t ...
... evaluation for AAD, primarily because of its inadequacy in visualizing the distal ascending and descending aorta. Transesophageal echocardiography overcomes many of the limitations of TTE because of the proximity of the esophagus to the aorta. It also is widely available, relatively safe, and easy t ...
Ventricular Tachycardia in a Patient with Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot
... aberrancy. The Brugada algorithm [1] supports the diagnosis of VT in this case due to the presence of an RS interval>100 ms in leads V1V2; however, there is no clear AV dissociation and the R/s relation is 1 in lead V6. The diagnosis of VT is also supported by the Vereckei algorithm [2], due to the ...
... aberrancy. The Brugada algorithm [1] supports the diagnosis of VT in this case due to the presence of an RS interval>100 ms in leads V1V2; however, there is no clear AV dissociation and the R/s relation is 1 in lead V6. The diagnosis of VT is also supported by the Vereckei algorithm [2], due to the ...
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS INTO THE MAIN ARTERY OF 2
... operate normally in detail. The objective of this study is to develop a heart model for investigating the patterns of fluid flow, and blood velocity diastolic. This heart model is able to observe the fluid flow pattern in left and right ventricle in a pressurized pulsate flow. A detail on fabricatio ...
... operate normally in detail. The objective of this study is to develop a heart model for investigating the patterns of fluid flow, and blood velocity diastolic. This heart model is able to observe the fluid flow pattern in left and right ventricle in a pressurized pulsate flow. A detail on fabricatio ...
Echo Diagnosis of Rheumatic Tricuspid Valve Disease
... third world and especially the Indian subcontinent still have a significant prevalence of RTVd, occurring mostly in young women.6 The clinical findings associated with RMVd are more severe than that of RTVd, making it rather easy to miss the diagnosis of concomitant tricuspid stenosis (TS). It is impo ...
... third world and especially the Indian subcontinent still have a significant prevalence of RTVd, occurring mostly in young women.6 The clinical findings associated with RMVd are more severe than that of RTVd, making it rather easy to miss the diagnosis of concomitant tricuspid stenosis (TS). It is impo ...
Preload
... contractility is decreased, a smaller force is generated by the contraction, starting from a given preload. ...
... contractility is decreased, a smaller force is generated by the contraction, starting from a given preload. ...
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary disease of the myocardium (the muscle of the heart) in which a portion of the myocardium is hypertrophied (thickened) without any obvious cause, creating functional impairment of the cardiac muscle. It is a leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes.The occurrence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a significant cause of sudden unexpected cardiac death in any age group and as a cause of disabling cardiac symptoms. Younger people are likely to have a more severe form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.HCM is frequently asymptomatic until sudden cardiac death, and for this reason some suggest routinely screening certain populations for this disease.A cardiomyopathy is a disease that affects the muscle of the heart. With HCM, the myocytes (cardiac contractile cells) in the heart increase in size, which results in the thickening of the heart muscle. In addition, the normal alignment of muscle cells is disrupted, a phenomenon known as myocardial disarray. HCM also causes disruptions of the electrical functions of the heart. HCM is most commonly due to a mutation in one of nine sarcomeric genes that results in a mutated protein in the sarcomere, the primary component of the myocyte (the muscle cell of the heart). These are predominantly single-point missense mutations in the genes for beta-myosin heavy chain (MHC), myosin-binding protein C, cardiac troponinT, or tropomyosin. These mutations cause myofibril and myocyte structural abnormalities and possible deficiencies in force generation. Not to be confused with dilated cardiomyopathy or any other cardiomyopathy.While most literature so far focuses on European, American, and Japanese populations, HCM appears in all ethnic groups. The prevalence of HCM is about 0.2% to 0.5% of the general population.