Bio 101 Chapter 53 study guide
... 13. Explain the relationship between species richness and relative abundance and explain how both contribute to species diversity. 14. Distinguish between a food chain and a food web. 15. Describe two ways to simplify food webs. 16. Summarize two hypotheses that explain why food chains are relativel ...
... 13. Explain the relationship between species richness and relative abundance and explain how both contribute to species diversity. 14. Distinguish between a food chain and a food web. 15. Describe two ways to simplify food webs. 16. Summarize two hypotheses that explain why food chains are relativel ...
Communities and Ecosystems
... Herbivory is the consumption of plant parts or algae by an animal. Plants have evolved numerous defenses against herbivory, including Spines Thorns Chemical toxins Parasites and Pathogens (+/–) Plants and animals can be victims of Parasites, an animal that lives in or on a host from which it obtains ...
... Herbivory is the consumption of plant parts or algae by an animal. Plants have evolved numerous defenses against herbivory, including Spines Thorns Chemical toxins Parasites and Pathogens (+/–) Plants and animals can be victims of Parasites, an animal that lives in or on a host from which it obtains ...
Linking body-size distributions and food-web structure (PDF
... by Simon Jennings 1, John K. Pinnegar 1, Nicholas V.C. Polunin 2 and Karema J. Warr 1 ...
... by Simon Jennings 1, John K. Pinnegar 1, Nicholas V.C. Polunin 2 and Karema J. Warr 1 ...
Document
... 6. All ecosystems are made up of living and nonliving components. 7. Biotic factors are living things, such as plants or animals. 8. Abiotic factors are nonliving things, such as wind, temperature, or moisture. 9. _autotrophs are organisms that get their energy from nonliving resources, meaning they ...
... 6. All ecosystems are made up of living and nonliving components. 7. Biotic factors are living things, such as plants or animals. 8. Abiotic factors are nonliving things, such as wind, temperature, or moisture. 9. _autotrophs are organisms that get their energy from nonliving resources, meaning they ...
Ch 2 m definitions
... only eats plants 13. Heterotroph – organism that eats to get energy 14. Omnivore - organism that eats both plants/animals 15. Biogeochemical cycle – a series of physical and biological processes by which nutrients are cycled through the ...
... only eats plants 13. Heterotroph – organism that eats to get energy 14. Omnivore - organism that eats both plants/animals 15. Biogeochemical cycle – a series of physical and biological processes by which nutrients are cycled through the ...
8 Ecology
... Volcanoes: release of greenhouse gases can increase global temperature, or release of particles into the atmosphere can cause a drop in global temperatures Fire: fires can be beneficial through clearing out areas for new plants to grow, or they can be harmful to animals through decreasing food sourc ...
... Volcanoes: release of greenhouse gases can increase global temperature, or release of particles into the atmosphere can cause a drop in global temperatures Fire: fires can be beneficial through clearing out areas for new plants to grow, or they can be harmful to animals through decreasing food sourc ...
Lesson 5: ECOSYSTEMS
... Every organism needs food in order to live and has to get that food from somewhere. Every organism can be classified by where it fits into the food chain. Most broadly, all organisms fit into one of three camps: producers, consumers, and decomposers. 3.1. Producers. They are able to produce food fro ...
... Every organism needs food in order to live and has to get that food from somewhere. Every organism can be classified by where it fits into the food chain. Most broadly, all organisms fit into one of three camps: producers, consumers, and decomposers. 3.1. Producers. They are able to produce food fro ...
energy and ecosystems
... plant may be eaten, not all of the plant may be digestible. A lot of energy is lost as heat into the environment from respiration. Only one tenth of the energy will pass onto the secondary consumer and so on. Between levels energy can pass to the decomposers as dead leaves, urine, faeces etc. These ...
... plant may be eaten, not all of the plant may be digestible. A lot of energy is lost as heat into the environment from respiration. Only one tenth of the energy will pass onto the secondary consumer and so on. Between levels energy can pass to the decomposers as dead leaves, urine, faeces etc. These ...
Ecology – Study Guide #1 – Vocabulary
... Consumer = a living things that gets its energy by eating other living things in a food chain; consumers are also called heterotrophs Heterotroph = an organism that MUST eat or consume something for energy Food Chain = a model used to show the feeding relationship between a single producer and a cha ...
... Consumer = a living things that gets its energy by eating other living things in a food chain; consumers are also called heterotrophs Heterotroph = an organism that MUST eat or consume something for energy Food Chain = a model used to show the feeding relationship between a single producer and a cha ...
Science Olympiad Vocabulary
... An animal that eats only animals The grouping of things based on certain characteristics A living thing that gets energy by eating other living things A living thing that breaks down wastes and dead organisms The study of ecosystems All the living and nonliving things that interact in a particular a ...
... An animal that eats only animals The grouping of things based on certain characteristics A living thing that gets energy by eating other living things A living thing that breaks down wastes and dead organisms The study of ecosystems All the living and nonliving things that interact in a particular a ...
UNIT 4 – ECOLOGICAL STUDIES I. INTRODUCTION
... passed to the next trophic level. _90% of the energy is either used by the organism to maintain _homeostasis_or lost as _heat_to the environment. Because of this, most food chains typically consist of only _3 or 4 trophic levels. Ecologists use _pyramids to represent the amount of _energy_or _matter ...
... passed to the next trophic level. _90% of the energy is either used by the organism to maintain _homeostasis_or lost as _heat_to the environment. Because of this, most food chains typically consist of only _3 or 4 trophic levels. Ecologists use _pyramids to represent the amount of _energy_or _matter ...
Energy in Ecosystems
... plants or other producers (1o consumer) Carnivores– get their energy from eating other animals (2o or 3o consumer) Omnivores– eat plants and animals Detritivores– eat only “dead” organisms ...
... plants or other producers (1o consumer) Carnivores– get their energy from eating other animals (2o or 3o consumer) Omnivores– eat plants and animals Detritivores– eat only “dead” organisms ...
File - LFHS AP Biology
... e. will have coevolved into a commensalistic interaction with its host. 12. Why do most food chains consist of only three to five links? a. There are only five trophic levels: producers; primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers; and decomposers. b. Most communities are controlled bottomup by miner ...
... e. will have coevolved into a commensalistic interaction with its host. 12. Why do most food chains consist of only three to five links? a. There are only five trophic levels: producers; primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers; and decomposers. b. Most communities are controlled bottomup by miner ...
CONCEPT OF SYSTEM: System is group or sum assemblage of
... The most obvious aspect of nature is that energy must pass from one living organism to another. When herbivorous animals feed on plants, energy is transferred from plants to animals. In an ecosystem, some of the animals feed on other living organisms, while some feed on dead organic matter. At ...
... The most obvious aspect of nature is that energy must pass from one living organism to another. When herbivorous animals feed on plants, energy is transferred from plants to animals. In an ecosystem, some of the animals feed on other living organisms, while some feed on dead organic matter. At ...
REACHING ALL STUDENTS Food Chains Three Kinds of Organisms
... In an ecosystem, there are three kinds of organisms: producers, consumers, and decomposers. Each kind of organism is important. Most producers are plants. They use energy from sunlight to make their own food from water and carbon dioxide. (Carbon dioxide is a gas in the air. People and animals breat ...
... In an ecosystem, there are three kinds of organisms: producers, consumers, and decomposers. Each kind of organism is important. Most producers are plants. They use energy from sunlight to make their own food from water and carbon dioxide. (Carbon dioxide is a gas in the air. People and animals breat ...
Marine Ecology College Lecture Notes
... search of food. Production Food production occurs mainly through Photosynthesis. It is measured and called Primary food production which will occur in the photic zone as phytoplankton manufacture organic matter during photo. The primary productivity varies seasonally and geographically. It is measur ...
... search of food. Production Food production occurs mainly through Photosynthesis. It is measured and called Primary food production which will occur in the photic zone as phytoplankton manufacture organic matter during photo. The primary productivity varies seasonally and geographically. It is measur ...
Unit 10: Ecology
... Which of the following statements regarding food chain is false? (a) In an aquatic ecosystem, grazing food chain is the major conduit for energy flow (b) In terrestrial ecosystems, a large fraction of energy flows through detritus food chain (c) The detritus food chain begins with dead organic matte ...
... Which of the following statements regarding food chain is false? (a) In an aquatic ecosystem, grazing food chain is the major conduit for energy flow (b) In terrestrial ecosystems, a large fraction of energy flows through detritus food chain (c) The detritus food chain begins with dead organic matte ...
Ecology - Arp ISD HOME
... Ecology Notes Ecology - is the study of interactions between organisms (biotic factors) and their nonliving environment (abiotic factors) Biotic factors – (living factors) includes plants, animals, fungi, & microorganisms. They may be producers, consumers, or decomposers. Abiotic factors – (non-livi ...
... Ecology Notes Ecology - is the study of interactions between organisms (biotic factors) and their nonliving environment (abiotic factors) Biotic factors – (living factors) includes plants, animals, fungi, & microorganisms. They may be producers, consumers, or decomposers. Abiotic factors – (non-livi ...
Food webs & top-down effects
... Effects on size structure of prey communities Hrbacek Brooks and Dodson ...
... Effects on size structure of prey communities Hrbacek Brooks and Dodson ...
Food Consumption and Feeding Habitats
... • Can be done using field methods but this requires more than examining stomach contents, you must have knowledge of gastric evacuation rates ...
... • Can be done using field methods but this requires more than examining stomach contents, you must have knowledge of gastric evacuation rates ...
Ecology BookWork Review Packet
... 1. What are the TWO most important decomposers in most ecosystems? 2. What is the first law of thermodynamics? Second? 3. Net primary production vs. gross primary production. 4. In aquatic ecosystems, what two factors limit primary production? 5. In terrestrial ecosystems, what two factors limit pri ...
... 1. What are the TWO most important decomposers in most ecosystems? 2. What is the first law of thermodynamics? Second? 3. Net primary production vs. gross primary production. 4. In aquatic ecosystems, what two factors limit primary production? 5. In terrestrial ecosystems, what two factors limit pri ...
Food web
A food web (or food cycle) is the natural interconnection of food chains and generally a graphical representation (usually an image) of what-eats-what in an ecological community. Another name for food web is a consumer-resource system. Ecologists can broadly lump all life forms into one of two categories called trophic levels: 1) the autotrophs, and 2) the heterotrophs. To maintain their bodies, grow, develop, and to reproduce, autotrophs produce organic matter from inorganic substances, including both minerals and gases such as carbon dioxide. These chemical reactions require energy, which mainly comes from the sun and largely by photosynthesis, although a very small amount comes from hydrothermal vents and hot springs. A gradient exists between trophic levels running from complete autotrophs that obtain their sole source of carbon from the atmosphere, to mixotrophs (such as carnivorous plants) that are autotrophic organisms that partially obtain organic matter from sources other than the atmosphere, and complete heterotrophs that must feed to obtain organic matter. The linkages in a food web illustrate the feeding pathways, such as where heterotrophs obtain organic matter by feeding on autotrophs and other heterotrophs. The food web is a simplified illustration of the various methods of feeding that links an ecosystem into a unified system of exchange. There are different kinds of feeding relations that can be roughly divided into herbivory, carnivory, scavenging and parasitism. Some of the organic matter eaten by heterotrophs, such as sugars, provides energy. Autotrophs and heterotrophs come in all sizes, from microscopic to many tonnes - from cyanobacteria to giant redwoods, and from viruses and bdellovibrio to blue whales.Charles Elton pioneered the concept of food cycles, food chains, and food size in his classical 1927 book ""Animal Ecology""; Elton's 'food cycle' was replaced by 'food web' in a subsequent ecological text. Elton organized species into functional groups, which was the basis for Raymond Lindeman's classic and landmark paper in 1942 on trophic dynamics. Lindeman emphasized the important role of decomposer organisms in a trophic system of classification. The notion of a food web has a historical foothold in the writings of Charles Darwin and his terminology, including an ""entangled bank"", ""web of life"", ""web of complex relations"", and in reference to the decomposition actions of earthworms he talked about ""the continued movement of the particles of earth"". Even earlier, in 1768 John Bruckner described nature as ""one continued web of life"".Food webs are limited representations of real ecosystems as they necessarily aggregate many species into trophic species, which are functional groups of species that have the same predators and prey in a food web. Ecologists use these simplifications in quantitative (or mathematical) models of trophic or consumer-resource systems dynamics. Using these models they can measure and test for generalized patterns in the structure of real food web networks. Ecologists have identified non-random properties in the topographic structure of food webs. Published examples that are used in meta analysis are of variable quality with omissions. However, the number of empirical studies on community webs is on the rise and the mathematical treatment of food webs using network theory had identified patterns that are common to all. Scaling laws, for example, predict a relationship between the topology of food web predator-prey linkages and levels of species richness.