Adaptive Behavior - Server users.dimi.uniud.it
... suggest that locomotion (e.g. walking, swimming, flying) is generated by specific neural circuits, or socalled central pattern generators (CPGs). Based on these findings various approaches have been proposed ...
... suggest that locomotion (e.g. walking, swimming, flying) is generated by specific neural circuits, or socalled central pattern generators (CPGs). Based on these findings various approaches have been proposed ...
modeling dynamical systems by means of dynamic bayesian networks
... While Bayesian networks are powerful tool for representing uncertainty, they do not provide direct mechanism for representing temporal dependencies. Most of the events that we meet in our everyday life are not detected based on a particular point in time. They can be described through the multiple s ...
... While Bayesian networks are powerful tool for representing uncertainty, they do not provide direct mechanism for representing temporal dependencies. Most of the events that we meet in our everyday life are not detected based on a particular point in time. They can be described through the multiple s ...
The visual cortex - Neuroscience Network Basel
... Organization of V1: Ocular dominance columns: only exist, where the visual field is covered by both eyes. Large part of cortex in human, only little area in rodents, do not normally exist in frogs and fish. Form stripes 300-500m in width, areas which predominantly respond to input from one eye. Blo ...
... Organization of V1: Ocular dominance columns: only exist, where the visual field is covered by both eyes. Large part of cortex in human, only little area in rodents, do not normally exist in frogs and fish. Form stripes 300-500m in width, areas which predominantly respond to input from one eye. Blo ...
Neural Mechanisms of Bias and Sensitivity in Hiroshi Nishida Muneyoshi Takahashi
... Hiroshi Nishida1 , Muneyoshi Takahashi2 , Gary D. Bird3 , and Jan Lauwereyns4 , Non-members ABSTRACT Animals perceive stimuli in their environment and are required to make motor responses according to this perception. The perception-to-action mechanisms rely on the accumulation of neural activity in ...
... Hiroshi Nishida1 , Muneyoshi Takahashi2 , Gary D. Bird3 , and Jan Lauwereyns4 , Non-members ABSTRACT Animals perceive stimuli in their environment and are required to make motor responses according to this perception. The perception-to-action mechanisms rely on the accumulation of neural activity in ...
Discussion and future directions
... approach the formation of the motor directional maps from the self–organization perspective, the crucial aspect consists of the characterization of the input signals that are available to the training process. From this view, the population coding operating in the motor cortex and the functional con ...
... approach the formation of the motor directional maps from the self–organization perspective, the crucial aspect consists of the characterization of the input signals that are available to the training process. From this view, the population coding operating in the motor cortex and the functional con ...
Event-Driven Simulation Scheme for Spiking Neural Networks Using
... is marked with the time instant when the source neuron fires the spike. The second one (the propagated event) is marked with the time instant when the spike reaches the target neuron. Most neurons have large synaptic divergences. In these cases, for each firing event, the simulation scheme produces ...
... is marked with the time instant when the source neuron fires the spike. The second one (the propagated event) is marked with the time instant when the spike reaches the target neuron. Most neurons have large synaptic divergences. In these cases, for each firing event, the simulation scheme produces ...
A Multistrategy Approach to Classifier Learning from Time
... In the ideal case, learning subtasks can be isolated that each exhibit exactly one process type (i.e., each is homogeneous), and these can be matched to known memory forms in the system’s catalogue. For temporal ANNs, a memory form can be represented using a functional descriptor called a convolutio ...
... In the ideal case, learning subtasks can be isolated that each exhibit exactly one process type (i.e., each is homogeneous), and these can be matched to known memory forms in the system’s catalogue. For temporal ANNs, a memory form can be represented using a functional descriptor called a convolutio ...
The NEURON Simulation Environment
... (numerical integration) (Hines and Carnevale 1997). Discretization is often couched in terms of "compartmentalization," but it is perhaps better to regard it as an approximation of the original continuous system by another system that is discontinuous in time and space. Simulating a discretized mode ...
... (numerical integration) (Hines and Carnevale 1997). Discretization is often couched in terms of "compartmentalization," but it is perhaps better to regard it as an approximation of the original continuous system by another system that is discontinuous in time and space. Simulating a discretized mode ...
P312Ch02_Nervous System, Neurons Lecture
... The mix of Neurotransmitters over time. A given neuron may be affected by neurotransmitters released by perhaps 1000s of other neurons. And a given neuron’s neurotransmitter may affect 1000s of other neurons. The result is that the extracellular fluid near the dendrites of a neuron will contain a ch ...
... The mix of Neurotransmitters over time. A given neuron may be affected by neurotransmitters released by perhaps 1000s of other neurons. And a given neuron’s neurotransmitter may affect 1000s of other neurons. The result is that the extracellular fluid near the dendrites of a neuron will contain a ch ...
neural_networks
... Because these values are ordered, a vector can be called a pattern Any pattern can be expressed as a vector ...
... Because these values are ordered, a vector can be called a pattern Any pattern can be expressed as a vector ...
Anatomical origins of the classical receptive field and modulatory
... even though neurons do not respond directly with action potentials to stimulation of the surround region alone (Blakemore and Tobin, 1972; Maffei and Fiorentini, 1976; Nelson and Frost, 1978; Alhnan et al., 1985; Gilbert and Wiesel, 1990; DeAngelis et al., 1994; Li and Li, 1994; Sillito et al., 199 ...
... even though neurons do not respond directly with action potentials to stimulation of the surround region alone (Blakemore and Tobin, 1972; Maffei and Fiorentini, 1976; Nelson and Frost, 1978; Alhnan et al., 1985; Gilbert and Wiesel, 1990; DeAngelis et al., 1994; Li and Li, 1994; Sillito et al., 199 ...
Article - Dynamic Connectome Lab
... referred to as Mainen cells—with the LFPs from reduced versions of these models created using Bush and Sejnowski’s method (1993)—hereafter referred to as Bush cells. The results of these experiments are shown in Fig. 1. For each neuron type, the LFP range and magnitude in each layer for the populati ...
... referred to as Mainen cells—with the LFPs from reduced versions of these models created using Bush and Sejnowski’s method (1993)—hereafter referred to as Bush cells. The results of these experiments are shown in Fig. 1. For each neuron type, the LFP range and magnitude in each layer for the populati ...
PDF
... field on the arm, the visual receptive field moves with the arm when the arm is placed in different positions [15,16*]. In contrast, when the eyes move, the visual receptive field does not move, but remains anchored to the arm [14*,15,16*,19*,20,‘21]. Thus, these cells encode the locations of nearby ...
... field on the arm, the visual receptive field moves with the arm when the arm is placed in different positions [15,16*]. In contrast, when the eyes move, the visual receptive field does not move, but remains anchored to the arm [14*,15,16*,19*,20,‘21]. Thus, these cells encode the locations of nearby ...
Leaf Vein Extraction Using Independent Component Analysis
... In this paper, we apply the FastICA algorithm to patches of leaf images to learn the basis functions and then the basis functions are used as the pattern map for vein detection. A gray-scale image is transformed into a pattern map (feature map) in which the leaf, edge, background and other pixels ar ...
... In this paper, we apply the FastICA algorithm to patches of leaf images to learn the basis functions and then the basis functions are used as the pattern map for vein detection. A gray-scale image is transformed into a pattern map (feature map) in which the leaf, edge, background and other pixels ar ...
TOWARDS AN "EARLY NEURAL CIRCUIT SIMULATOR": A FPGA
... predict and compare radial distances using simulated neural data provided by the robotic whisker matrix. The subtraction, multiplication, and addition processes are used to make a prediction of the next radial distance. The results are stored, and compared on the next clock cycle when the actual val ...
... predict and compare radial distances using simulated neural data provided by the robotic whisker matrix. The subtraction, multiplication, and addition processes are used to make a prediction of the next radial distance. The results are stored, and compared on the next clock cycle when the actual val ...
The importance of mixed selectivity in complex
... Consequently, nonlinear mixed selectivity neurons are “most useful, but also most fragile” This non-linearity, ensemble coding comes bundled with an ability for these neurons to quickly adapt to execute new tasks. Is this similar to the olfactory system and grid cells (minus modularity)? ...
... Consequently, nonlinear mixed selectivity neurons are “most useful, but also most fragile” This non-linearity, ensemble coding comes bundled with an ability for these neurons to quickly adapt to execute new tasks. Is this similar to the olfactory system and grid cells (minus modularity)? ...
From/To LTM - Ohio University
... building in human neocortex. Neurons on different layers of minicolumns are proposed to have specific function in the interaction between STM and LTM. When retrieving information from LTM to STM, particular layer of neurons receives stimulation from LTM. When storing information from STM to LT ...
... building in human neocortex. Neurons on different layers of minicolumns are proposed to have specific function in the interaction between STM and LTM. When retrieving information from LTM to STM, particular layer of neurons receives stimulation from LTM. When storing information from STM to LT ...
Physiology of the Striate Cortex
... • Hierarchy of complex receptive fields • Retinal ganglion cells: Center-surround structure, Sensitive to contrast, and wavelength of light • Striate cortex: Orientation selectivity, direction selectivity, and binocularity • Extrastriate cortical areas: Selective responsive to complex shapes; e.g., ...
... • Hierarchy of complex receptive fields • Retinal ganglion cells: Center-surround structure, Sensitive to contrast, and wavelength of light • Striate cortex: Orientation selectivity, direction selectivity, and binocularity • Extrastriate cortical areas: Selective responsive to complex shapes; e.g., ...
Relational Networks
... To understand how language operates, we need to have the linguistic information represented in such a way that it can be used for speaking and understanding (A “competence model” that is not competence to perform is unrealistic) ...
... To understand how language operates, we need to have the linguistic information represented in such a way that it can be used for speaking and understanding (A “competence model” that is not competence to perform is unrealistic) ...
Mastering the game of Go with deep neural networks and tree search
... Figure 1: Neural network training pipeline and architecture. a A fast rollout policy pπ and supervised learning (SL) policy network pσ are trained to predict human expert moves in a data-set of positions. A reinforcement learning (RL) policy network pρ is initialised to the SL policy network, and i ...
... Figure 1: Neural network training pipeline and architecture. a A fast rollout policy pπ and supervised learning (SL) policy network pσ are trained to predict human expert moves in a data-set of positions. A reinforcement learning (RL) policy network pρ is initialised to the SL policy network, and i ...
Bridging Rate Coding and Temporal Spike Coding
... than the time required for temporal averaging of spike signals necessary for obtaining firing rates. Actually, precisely timed reproducible spiking has been experimentally observed with a precision of milliseconds [1], suggesting the importance of precise spike timing in information processing. The ...
... than the time required for temporal averaging of spike signals necessary for obtaining firing rates. Actually, precisely timed reproducible spiking has been experimentally observed with a precision of milliseconds [1], suggesting the importance of precise spike timing in information processing. The ...
Copy of the full paper
... rhythmic behaviour in invertebrates are organized and about how they function42,43. This is because it is relatively easy to determine which neurons are ‘part of the circuit’ and to identify how they are connected as these circuits have easily measurable and definable outputs. Sensory and motor circ ...
... rhythmic behaviour in invertebrates are organized and about how they function42,43. This is because it is relatively easy to determine which neurons are ‘part of the circuit’ and to identify how they are connected as these circuits have easily measurable and definable outputs. Sensory and motor circ ...
Simulation of signal flow in 3D reconstructions of an anatomically
... the respective density value is used to place neuron somata accordingly. According to the number and location of cell types within the network, each soma is assigned to a respective cell type (Fig. 2(b)). In areas where somata of several cell types intermingle, the supplied overlap ratios are satisf ...
... the respective density value is used to place neuron somata accordingly. According to the number and location of cell types within the network, each soma is assigned to a respective cell type (Fig. 2(b)). In areas where somata of several cell types intermingle, the supplied overlap ratios are satisf ...
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... Neural network (NN) has been successfully implemented in detection of faults in various cases. A neural network (NN), in the case of artificial neurons called artificial neural network (ANN) is an interconnected group of natural or artificial neurons that uses a mathematical or computational model f ...
... Neural network (NN) has been successfully implemented in detection of faults in various cases. A neural network (NN), in the case of artificial neurons called artificial neural network (ANN) is an interconnected group of natural or artificial neurons that uses a mathematical or computational model f ...
Part IV- Single neuron computation
... at very low threshold, inactivate fast. 2. L type voltage activated Ca channels (L for long)- open only at higher threshold, very very slow de-activation (not inactivation-what is the difference?) =>T open at low threshold (Vm)->inward current->depolarization-> action potential (T close)->higher dep ...
... at very low threshold, inactivate fast. 2. L type voltage activated Ca channels (L for long)- open only at higher threshold, very very slow de-activation (not inactivation-what is the difference?) =>T open at low threshold (Vm)->inward current->depolarization-> action potential (T close)->higher dep ...