Predictive Coding: A Possible Explanation of Filling
... connection. In response to this top-down information, lower area sends a residual error signal to the higher area, by feed-forward connection, to correct the next prediction. This idea is based on the anatomical architecture of the visual system which is hierarchically organized and reciprocally con ...
... connection. In response to this top-down information, lower area sends a residual error signal to the higher area, by feed-forward connection, to correct the next prediction. This idea is based on the anatomical architecture of the visual system which is hierarchically organized and reciprocally con ...
Signal Integration in Thalamus: Labeled Lines Go
... Information is transmitted by retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) to neurons in the LGN through one of three ‘‘modes’’: relay, combination, or binocular. In relay mode, a small number of RGCs of the same type transmit the same aspect of visual information to a corresponding relay neuron in the LGN (green ...
... Information is transmitted by retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) to neurons in the LGN through one of three ‘‘modes’’: relay, combination, or binocular. In relay mode, a small number of RGCs of the same type transmit the same aspect of visual information to a corresponding relay neuron in the LGN (green ...
A First Comparison of Abstract Argumentation Systems: A Computational Perspective
... In Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 we show a first comparison among the three systems presented in Sec. 3.1, testing complete and stable extensions respectively. On the x-axis we report the exact number of nodes of each set of networks we use: in each set, we considered 50 random networks for each of the four cla ...
... In Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 we show a first comparison among the three systems presented in Sec. 3.1, testing complete and stable extensions respectively. On the x-axis we report the exact number of nodes of each set of networks we use: in each set, we considered 50 random networks for each of the four cla ...
Competitive Dynamics in Cortical Responses to Visual Stimuli
... response (see Fig. 1B). They demonstrated that similar phenomena arise in an extremely simple network in which fatiguing neurons responsive to the central image and the eccentric flanker inhibit each other. They did not, however, systematically explore the dependency of oscillatory activity on the p ...
... response (see Fig. 1B). They demonstrated that similar phenomena arise in an extremely simple network in which fatiguing neurons responsive to the central image and the eccentric flanker inhibit each other. They did not, however, systematically explore the dependency of oscillatory activity on the p ...
Solving Bayesian Networks by Weighted Model Counting
... therefore further extended our model-counting algorithm so that all marginals can be computed efficiently in one pass. In addition to calculating the number of models which satisfy a formula, the extended algorithm calculates, for each variable, the number of satisfying models in which that variable ...
... therefore further extended our model-counting algorithm so that all marginals can be computed efficiently in one pass. In addition to calculating the number of models which satisfy a formula, the extended algorithm calculates, for each variable, the number of satisfying models in which that variable ...
Proceedings - Neuroscience Meetings
... slices of the brain of rodents, other experiments in vivo depending on the design using the full-sphere of the virtual reality or, for example, in the form of a cylindrical hover platform. Specific features are also in the fact that the level of fluorescenceactivated objects is low (only a few suite ...
... slices of the brain of rodents, other experiments in vivo depending on the design using the full-sphere of the virtual reality or, for example, in the form of a cylindrical hover platform. Specific features are also in the fact that the level of fluorescenceactivated objects is low (only a few suite ...
physiological organization of layer 4 in macaque striate cortex
... afferents terminate in layer 4 of striate cortex-an arrangement which ensures that most visual information passes through this lamina before becoming available to other cortical cells. As a consequence, most cells in layer 4 do not exhibit the orientation selectivity and binocularity that one normal ...
... afferents terminate in layer 4 of striate cortex-an arrangement which ensures that most visual information passes through this lamina before becoming available to other cortical cells. As a consequence, most cells in layer 4 do not exhibit the orientation selectivity and binocularity that one normal ...
An oscillation-based model for the neuronal basis
... field of a V4 neuron selective for red, the neuron will respond vigorously if the monkey attends to the red stimulus, but respond much less if the monkey is attending to the green stimulus. The stimulus is identical in both cases (a red and a green bar); the difference is only in the internal state ...
... field of a V4 neuron selective for red, the neuron will respond vigorously if the monkey attends to the red stimulus, but respond much less if the monkey is attending to the green stimulus. The stimulus is identical in both cases (a red and a green bar); the difference is only in the internal state ...
High-performance genetically targetable optical neural
... indicated; n 5 16 neurons), and after light cessation, Arch currents fell with an 85–15% offset time of 19.3 6 2.9 ms. Under continuous yellow illumination, Arch photocurrent declined (Fig. 1d, e), as did the photocurrents of all of the opsins in our screen. However, unlike all of the halorhodopsins ...
... indicated; n 5 16 neurons), and after light cessation, Arch currents fell with an 85–15% offset time of 19.3 6 2.9 ms. Under continuous yellow illumination, Arch photocurrent declined (Fig. 1d, e), as did the photocurrents of all of the opsins in our screen. However, unlike all of the halorhodopsins ...
Exploring the Potential for using Artificial Intelligence
... torage of data is no longer a problem, due to technical advancements in computing power and bandwidth, the problem is instead how we should use all the data we collect (Shoan & Woolf 2008). One drawback from this is that data analysis requires more time to complete than before (Chen et al. 2004; Lia ...
... torage of data is no longer a problem, due to technical advancements in computing power and bandwidth, the problem is instead how we should use all the data we collect (Shoan & Woolf 2008). One drawback from this is that data analysis requires more time to complete than before (Chen et al. 2004; Lia ...
Modeling Neural Mechanisms of Cognitive-Affective Interaction Abninder Litt () Chris Eliasmith ()
... 2004). Classic results can be reinterpreted as showing that aversive stimuli are generally more arousing than rewarding ones, perhaps because of increased behavioral saliency. Negative feedback often induces an individual to modify current behavior, demanding more complex cognitive processing, such ...
... 2004). Classic results can be reinterpreted as showing that aversive stimuli are generally more arousing than rewarding ones, perhaps because of increased behavioral saliency. Negative feedback often induces an individual to modify current behavior, demanding more complex cognitive processing, such ...
Cortical mechanisms of sensory learning and object recognition
... their tuning functions. (e) Selective sharpening and recruitment restricted to the critical parameters is sometimes seen. For example, sharpening of tuning can be seen around trained orientations. In contrast to increased sensitivity to small differences, categorization effects are often seen as an ...
... their tuning functions. (e) Selective sharpening and recruitment restricted to the critical parameters is sometimes seen. For example, sharpening of tuning can be seen around trained orientations. In contrast to increased sensitivity to small differences, categorization effects are often seen as an ...
Neural and Computational Mechanisms of Action Processing
... The observation of view-dependence fits nicely with example-based visual recognition mechanisms (see the Section ‘Theoretical models’). However, it has to be noted that the same population of neurons can be simultaneously tuned to multiple parameters, e.g. to the view and different grip types. In ad ...
... The observation of view-dependence fits nicely with example-based visual recognition mechanisms (see the Section ‘Theoretical models’). However, it has to be noted that the same population of neurons can be simultaneously tuned to multiple parameters, e.g. to the view and different grip types. In ad ...
ALGORITHMICS
... The methods appropriate for ill-posed problems should be characterized by: • Ability to extract models from examples (learning) • Ability to deal with dynamic environments (adaptability) • Ability to deal with noisy, incomplete or inconsistent data (robustness) • Ability to provide the answer in a r ...
... The methods appropriate for ill-posed problems should be characterized by: • Ability to extract models from examples (learning) • Ability to deal with dynamic environments (adaptability) • Ability to deal with noisy, incomplete or inconsistent data (robustness) • Ability to provide the answer in a r ...
Learning with Hierarchical-Deep Models
... representations for many high-dimensional datasets. The ability to automatically learn in multiple layers allows deep models to construct sophisticated domain-specific features without the need to rely on precise human-crafted input representations, increasingly important with the proliferation of d ...
... representations for many high-dimensional datasets. The ability to automatically learn in multiple layers allows deep models to construct sophisticated domain-specific features without the need to rely on precise human-crafted input representations, increasingly important with the proliferation of d ...
Deciphering a neural code for vision
... and other sensory organs transmit to the brain is important for understanding the neural basis of behavior. Recordings from single sensory nerve cells have yielded useful insights, but single neurons generally do not mediate behavior; networks of neurons do. Monitoring the activity of all cells in a ...
... and other sensory organs transmit to the brain is important for understanding the neural basis of behavior. Recordings from single sensory nerve cells have yielded useful insights, but single neurons generally do not mediate behavior; networks of neurons do. Monitoring the activity of all cells in a ...
High-performance genetically targetable optical neural silencing by
... We estimated the tissue volumes that could be silenced, using in vitro experiments and computational modeling. In cultured neurons expressing Arch or a trafficking-improved variant of Halo, eNpHR7,8, we somatically injected brief current pulses at magnitudes chosen to mimic the current drives of neu ...
... We estimated the tissue volumes that could be silenced, using in vitro experiments and computational modeling. In cultured neurons expressing Arch or a trafficking-improved variant of Halo, eNpHR7,8, we somatically injected brief current pulses at magnitudes chosen to mimic the current drives of neu ...
Learning Bayesian Networks: A Unification for Discrete and
... problems. The remaining two assumptions are abstractions of assumptions made either explicitly or implicitly by all researchers who have considered Bayesian-network learning (e.g., Cooper and Herskovits, 1991, 1992; Buntine, 1991; Spiegelhalter et al., 1993). These as sumptions are made mostly for ...
... problems. The remaining two assumptions are abstractions of assumptions made either explicitly or implicitly by all researchers who have considered Bayesian-network learning (e.g., Cooper and Herskovits, 1991, 1992; Buntine, 1991; Spiegelhalter et al., 1993). These as sumptions are made mostly for ...
Towards an Empirically Grounded Predictive Coding Account of
... here—add novel complexity to this account. Specifically, the model proposed by Kilner et al. (2007a,b) should be updated to account for the different sources of prior information (early visual cortex mediated by thalamic connections or prefrontal cortex) and potentially different types of representa ...
... here—add novel complexity to this account. Specifically, the model proposed by Kilner et al. (2007a,b) should be updated to account for the different sources of prior information (early visual cortex mediated by thalamic connections or prefrontal cortex) and potentially different types of representa ...
Dissecting appetite
... of neurons in this part of the hypothalamus — those that express the proteins TRH and PACAP — would activate the AgRP neurons and drive well-fed mice to eat voraciously. Conversely, if these neurons were turned off, starving mice would barely eat. From his experiments with AgRP, NPY and GABA, Palmit ...
... of neurons in this part of the hypothalamus — those that express the proteins TRH and PACAP — would activate the AgRP neurons and drive well-fed mice to eat voraciously. Conversely, if these neurons were turned off, starving mice would barely eat. From his experiments with AgRP, NPY and GABA, Palmit ...
Efficient Classification of Multi-label and Imbalanced Data Using Min
... result. On the other hand, the precision value of each class decreases as the module size gets smaller, with the exception of those classes that cannot be predicted. In other words, there are more false positives in the result. 3) : The M3 -SVM is better than the traditional SVM in terms of the F1 v ...
... result. On the other hand, the precision value of each class decreases as the module size gets smaller, with the exception of those classes that cannot be predicted. In other words, there are more false positives in the result. 3) : The M3 -SVM is better than the traditional SVM in terms of the F1 v ...
Repetition and the brain: neural models of stimulus
... intervening stimuli between repeats [13,39], but has also been observed with tens of intervening stimuli [9] and even after multiple days between presentations [11,35,40]. Other factors that affect the level of RS are stimulus contrast [41], attention [42–44] and the duration of the initial stimulus ...
... intervening stimuli between repeats [13,39], but has also been observed with tens of intervening stimuli [9] and even after multiple days between presentations [11,35,40]. Other factors that affect the level of RS are stimulus contrast [41], attention [42–44] and the duration of the initial stimulus ...
Loss of Neurons in Magnocellular and Parvocellular Layers of the
... in control monkeys. Retinal ganglion cells of the right nasal hemiretina and fovea project to the left LGN layers 1, 4, and 6, and compose approximately 50% of the right eye retinal ganglion cells.9 The difference in nerve fiber loss between the nasal and temporal quadrants of the right optic nerves ...
... in control monkeys. Retinal ganglion cells of the right nasal hemiretina and fovea project to the left LGN layers 1, 4, and 6, and compose approximately 50% of the right eye retinal ganglion cells.9 The difference in nerve fiber loss between the nasal and temporal quadrants of the right optic nerves ...
Repetition and the brain: neural models of stimulus
... intervening stimuli between repeats [13,39], but has also been observed with tens of intervening stimuli [9] and even after multiple days between presentations [11,35,40]. Other factors that affect the level of RS are stimulus contrast [41], attention [42–44] and the duration of the initial stimulus ...
... intervening stimuli between repeats [13,39], but has also been observed with tens of intervening stimuli [9] and even after multiple days between presentations [11,35,40]. Other factors that affect the level of RS are stimulus contrast [41], attention [42–44] and the duration of the initial stimulus ...
Coupled Noisy Spiking Neurons as Velocity-Controlled
... recording likely contains high-frequency jitter from the video tracking summarized in Figure 2. system and the vestibular and proprioceptive systems of the animal Our network oscillatory interference model is composed of a single cell themselves may also act to low-pass filter their acceleration or ...
... recording likely contains high-frequency jitter from the video tracking summarized in Figure 2. system and the vestibular and proprioceptive systems of the animal Our network oscillatory interference model is composed of a single cell themselves may also act to low-pass filter their acceleration or ...