SAFS Suggested Restricted Electives
... Lecture—3 hours; discussion—1 hour. Varieties of production, exchange, and consumption behavior in precapitalist economies, their interaction with culture and social-political organization, and the theories that account for these phenomena. The effects of capitalism on precapitalist sectors. Not ope ...
... Lecture—3 hours; discussion—1 hour. Varieties of production, exchange, and consumption behavior in precapitalist economies, their interaction with culture and social-political organization, and the theories that account for these phenomena. The effects of capitalism on precapitalist sectors. Not ope ...
University of Groningen Herbivores, resources and risks
... material, and rainfall, determine key environmental gradients, such as soil fertility and water availability [22,23], which influence vegetation structure [7,24,25]. Plant structure, in turn, determines the quality and quantity of digestible material available to herbivores (Figure 4a) [9,26–30]. Pr ...
... material, and rainfall, determine key environmental gradients, such as soil fertility and water availability [22,23], which influence vegetation structure [7,24,25]. Plant structure, in turn, determines the quality and quantity of digestible material available to herbivores (Figure 4a) [9,26–30]. Pr ...
13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships
... – Omnivores, such as humans that eat both plants and animals, may be listed at different trophic levels in ...
... – Omnivores, such as humans that eat both plants and animals, may be listed at different trophic levels in ...
11 - Amboseli Baboon Research Project
... they have three different patterns of social organization, and they live in three, markedly different habitats: savannah, steppe-desert, and alpine heather-meadowland, respectively. An attempt is made to provide testable hypotheses and heuristic principles that can relate these two classes of phenom ...
... they have three different patterns of social organization, and they live in three, markedly different habitats: savannah, steppe-desert, and alpine heather-meadowland, respectively. An attempt is made to provide testable hypotheses and heuristic principles that can relate these two classes of phenom ...
Characterization of the mineral phosphate solubilizing activity of
... agronomic eYciency varies depending on soil acidity and crop. Traditional production of P fertilizers is based on chemical processing of insoluble mineral phosphate high-grade ore, which includes an energy intensive treatment with sulfuric acid at high temperature. This process has become an environ ...
... agronomic eYciency varies depending on soil acidity and crop. Traditional production of P fertilizers is based on chemical processing of insoluble mineral phosphate high-grade ore, which includes an energy intensive treatment with sulfuric acid at high temperature. This process has become an environ ...
modelagem do escoamento, da produção de sedimentos e
... Areas under intensive tobacco crop cultivation have been impacting the water balance and increasing soil erosion in Southern Brazil. Application of large amounts of mineral fertilizers, higher than the tobacco requirement, contributes to excessive phosphorus loads in soil and water bodies. The asses ...
... Areas under intensive tobacco crop cultivation have been impacting the water balance and increasing soil erosion in Southern Brazil. Application of large amounts of mineral fertilizers, higher than the tobacco requirement, contributes to excessive phosphorus loads in soil and water bodies. The asses ...
Biodiversity and pest management in orchard systems. A review
... conservation within agricultural landscapes, especially in areas where cultivated lands occupy a large surface area. Among cultivated crops, orchards are particularly suitable systems to study the level of ecosystem services provided by biodiversity, because they are perennial systems and present a ...
... conservation within agricultural landscapes, especially in areas where cultivated lands occupy a large surface area. Among cultivated crops, orchards are particularly suitable systems to study the level of ecosystem services provided by biodiversity, because they are perennial systems and present a ...
Capítol 3
... to a dilution effect by increased structural or non-structural carbon. Therefore, in contrast to many experimental studies of CO 2 enrichment, mainly conducted for short-periods, there were no greater concentrations of phenolics, and, as in many of these studies, there were neither greater concentra ...
... to a dilution effect by increased structural or non-structural carbon. Therefore, in contrast to many experimental studies of CO 2 enrichment, mainly conducted for short-periods, there were no greater concentrations of phenolics, and, as in many of these studies, there were neither greater concentra ...
Herbivores, resources and risks: alternating regulation along
... susceptible to all carnivores. Large prey, such as buffalo (Syncerus caffer), are difficult to ...
... susceptible to all carnivores. Large prey, such as buffalo (Syncerus caffer), are difficult to ...
Bioaccumulation of Polar and Ionizable Compounds in Plants
... In general, most BAF estimation approaches describe the bioaccumulation behavior of organic substances solely by the octanol–water partitioning coefficient .log KOW /. This may be correct for neutral lipophilic compounds. But there are other mechanisms that can lead to bioaccumulation, which are not ...
... In general, most BAF estimation approaches describe the bioaccumulation behavior of organic substances solely by the octanol–water partitioning coefficient .log KOW /. This may be correct for neutral lipophilic compounds. But there are other mechanisms that can lead to bioaccumulation, which are not ...
The impact of nitrogen deposition on acid grasslands in the Atlantic
... Pearson and Stewart, 1993; Sheppard and Leith, 2002). Concentrations of ammonia high enough to cause direct toxicity are quite rare in Europe and generally only occur in the immediate vicinity of point sources. However, at lower levels, the effects of N deposition on vegetation can still be observed ...
... Pearson and Stewart, 1993; Sheppard and Leith, 2002). Concentrations of ammonia high enough to cause direct toxicity are quite rare in Europe and generally only occur in the immediate vicinity of point sources. However, at lower levels, the effects of N deposition on vegetation can still be observed ...
Get cached
... In most ecosystems, primary producers use photosynthesis to capture energy for life. The energy is used for growth and maintenance and is passed on to other organisms. Primary producers, or autotrophs, combine inorganic chemicals with energy from sunlight to produce energy-rich organic compounds, su ...
... In most ecosystems, primary producers use photosynthesis to capture energy for life. The energy is used for growth and maintenance and is passed on to other organisms. Primary producers, or autotrophs, combine inorganic chemicals with energy from sunlight to produce energy-rich organic compounds, su ...
Ecological Best-Practice Livestock Production Guidelines for the
... industry. However, most of these guidelines are either narrow in scope, dealing only with certain aspects of the farming industry or very broadly based, paying only superficial attention to many important aspects. Consequently, the environmental impacts of the livestock industry have not been adequa ...
... industry. However, most of these guidelines are either narrow in scope, dealing only with certain aspects of the farming industry or very broadly based, paying only superficial attention to many important aspects. Consequently, the environmental impacts of the livestock industry have not been adequa ...
Soil Zoology
... distribution in different tissues may aid studies of the fate of worm-derived C and N in the drilosphere (Dyckmans et al. 2005). A major advance was the development of mobile delivery systems for exposing plant-soil systems in the field to 13CO2 (Ostle et al. 2000). This tracer approach, which has p ...
... distribution in different tissues may aid studies of the fate of worm-derived C and N in the drilosphere (Dyckmans et al. 2005). A major advance was the development of mobile delivery systems for exposing plant-soil systems in the field to 13CO2 (Ostle et al. 2000). This tracer approach, which has p ...
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
... Services necessary for production of other ecosystem services • Soil formation • Nutrient cycling • Primary production ...
... Services necessary for production of other ecosystem services • Soil formation • Nutrient cycling • Primary production ...
Annotated Bibliography on Ecological Intensification
... inputs, such practices may deplete natural resources and impair the ability of agroecosystems to sustain production into the future. However, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO, 2011a) along with numerous recent reviews (The Royal Society 2009; Clay 2011; Foley et al. 2 ...
... inputs, such practices may deplete natural resources and impair the ability of agroecosystems to sustain production into the future. However, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO, 2011a) along with numerous recent reviews (The Royal Society 2009; Clay 2011; Foley et al. 2 ...
BIODIVERSITY AND LITTER DECOMPOSITION IN
... et al. 2001, Roy 2001). Much less is known about how biodiversity affects other key ecosystem processes, such as decomposition and nutrient cycling. In terrestrial ecosystems, the above- and belowground plant-litter input constitutes the main resource of energy and matter for an extraordinarily dive ...
... et al. 2001, Roy 2001). Much less is known about how biodiversity affects other key ecosystem processes, such as decomposition and nutrient cycling. In terrestrial ecosystems, the above- and belowground plant-litter input constitutes the main resource of energy and matter for an extraordinarily dive ...
PDF
... pest species often create new economic pests out of other pest species that had previously been of minor or sporadic importance. These species, known as secondary pests, are those which in “normal” growing seasons do not inflict major crop damage, although significant outbreaks may sometimes be stim ...
... pest species often create new economic pests out of other pest species that had previously been of minor or sporadic importance. These species, known as secondary pests, are those which in “normal” growing seasons do not inflict major crop damage, although significant outbreaks may sometimes be stim ...
Organic Regulation Toolkit for Governments
... Farm Unit: The total area of land under control of one farmer or a collective of farmers, including all the farming activities or enterprises. Genetic Diversity: The variability among living organisms from agricultural, forest and aquatic ecosystems; this includes diversity within species and betwee ...
... Farm Unit: The total area of land under control of one farmer or a collective of farmers, including all the farming activities or enterprises. Genetic Diversity: The variability among living organisms from agricultural, forest and aquatic ecosystems; this includes diversity within species and betwee ...
Analyzing spatial patterns linked to the ecology of herbivores and
... food while simultaneously reducing negative impacts on the environment and using our resources in sustainable ways. A major challenge in ecology is understanding where multitrophic interactions unfold, and how to characterize and interpret them. An objective common to both realms is the development ...
... food while simultaneously reducing negative impacts on the environment and using our resources in sustainable ways. A major challenge in ecology is understanding where multitrophic interactions unfold, and how to characterize and interpret them. An objective common to both realms is the development ...
Trophic Ecology: Bottom-Up and Top
... (del Giorgio and Cole, 1998; Manzoni et al., 2012). These patterns imply that decomposers may release more nutrients during decomposition of similar substrates under warmer or under more nutrient-poor conditions. ...
... (del Giorgio and Cole, 1998; Manzoni et al., 2012). These patterns imply that decomposers may release more nutrients during decomposition of similar substrates under warmer or under more nutrient-poor conditions. ...
Sustainable Development Strategyfor the Seas of East Asia (SDS
... framework for the interested countries and other stakeholders to implement, in an integrated or holistic manner, the commitments they have already made, without assuming new legal obligations. It addresses linkages among social, cultural, economic and environmental issues. It embodies the shared vis ...
... framework for the interested countries and other stakeholders to implement, in an integrated or holistic manner, the commitments they have already made, without assuming new legal obligations. It addresses linkages among social, cultural, economic and environmental issues. It embodies the shared vis ...
The influence of soil type, congeneric cues, and
... floodplain corridor. Adult burrows were most abundant in clay–loam floodplain soils, an observation that was not surprising. Juvenile burrows were most abundant in sandy streamside soils, an observation that contradicted published soil preferences (Grow and Merchant 1980). We also observed longitudi ...
... floodplain corridor. Adult burrows were most abundant in clay–loam floodplain soils, an observation that was not surprising. Juvenile burrows were most abundant in sandy streamside soils, an observation that contradicted published soil preferences (Grow and Merchant 1980). We also observed longitudi ...
Herbivores, the Functional Diversity of Plants
... food web is explicitly considered. The common conclusion of these studies is that herbivores increase the rate of nutrient cycling because the turnover rates of their bodies and fecal material are faster than that of live plants and their shed litter. This has become embedded in the literature (e.g. ...
... food web is explicitly considered. The common conclusion of these studies is that herbivores increase the rate of nutrient cycling because the turnover rates of their bodies and fecal material are faster than that of live plants and their shed litter. This has become embedded in the literature (e.g. ...
Productivity and carbon transfer in pelagic food webs
... PPr is assumed to be more directly available for higher trophic levels than BP, as many phytoplankton taxa fall within an edible size range for both cladocerans and copepods (Cyr and Curtis 1999). Phytoplankton are also considered to be a high quality food source compared to bacteria (with the notab ...
... PPr is assumed to be more directly available for higher trophic levels than BP, as many phytoplankton taxa fall within an edible size range for both cladocerans and copepods (Cyr and Curtis 1999). Phytoplankton are also considered to be a high quality food source compared to bacteria (with the notab ...
Sustainable agriculture
Sustainable agriculture is the act of farming based on an understanding of ecosystem services, the study of relationships between organisms and their environment. It has been defined as ""an integrated system of plant and animal production practices having a site-specific application that will last over the long term"", for example: Satisfy human food and fiber needs Enhance environmental quality and the natural resource base upon which the agricultural economy depends Make the most efficient use of non-renewable resources and on-farm resources and integrate, where appropriate, natural biological cycles and controls Sustain the economic viability of farm operations Enhance the quality of life for farmers and society as a whole↑