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IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) e-ISSN: 2278-4861.
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) e-ISSN: 2278-4861.

... This method of analysis has shown to be a simple method of verifying the new intensity formula by using atomic, ionic and stellar data. By using this method together with the new intensity formula it has been possible to determine the mean electron temperature in different laboratory plasmas and in ...
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... circular motions) did not provide an accurate accounting of planetary movements. Johannes Kepler adopted the Copernican theory that Earth revolves around the sun (heliocentric, or suncentered, view) and closely examined Tycho Brahe's meticulously recorded observations on Mars' orbit. With these data ...
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... Sunspot cycle The sunspot number has been seen to vary with a period from maximim to maximum of ~11 years. The "sunspot number" = the sum of the number of individual sunspots and ten times the number of groups. Since most sunspot groups have, on average, about ten spots, this formula for counting s ...
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dtu7ech01 - Fort Thomas Independent Schools
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... Rotation period at equator = 24.7 days. Density = 1.41 g/cm3. Solar Co mposition (by mass) Temperature of: Hydrogen 70.0% – “Surface” (photosphere) = 5800 K. – Core = 15,000,000 K. – Upper atmosphere (corona) > 1,000,000 K. Luminosity = 3.8x1026 Watts. – 1370 W/m2 at top of Earth's atmosphere. ...
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... hemisphere summer, and just a few weeks after the June solstice. The eccentricity of the Earth’s orbit actually varies from near-circular to 0.0679 and back over the span of 413,000 years. In our current epoch, the eccentricity of our orbit is 0.017 and decreasing. Add this variation to changes in t ...
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... Solar Eclipses occur when the Moon crosses the Sun as seen from Earth. An eclipse reveals one of the more astonishing coincidences in the natural world: seen from Earth, the Moon’s disk almost perfectly matches the size of the Sun’s disk. During a total solar eclipse, the Moon just blots out the sph ...
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... for the Northern Hemisphere and away when it is winter. At each of the equinoxes the Earth should not be tilted toward or way from the sun. B. The sun’s rays would be least direct in the winter for the northern hemisphere, and most direct in the southern hemisphere at this same time (The southern he ...
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... A. Planets move fastest when they are moving toward the Sun. B. Planets move equal distances throughout their orbit of the Sun. C. Planets move slowest when they are moving away from the Sun. D. Planets travel farther in a given time when they are closer to the Sun. E. Planets move the same speed at ...
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Equation of time



The equation of time describes the discrepancy between two kinds of solar time. These are apparent solar time, which directly tracks the motion of the sun, and mean solar time, which tracks a fictitious ""mean"" sun with noons 24 hours apart. Apparent (or true) solar time can be obtained by measurement of the current position (hour angle) of the Sun, or indicated (with limited accuracy) by a sundial. Mean solar time, for the same place, would be the time indicated by a steady clock set so that over the year its differences from apparent solar time average to zero.The equation of time is the east or west component of the analemma, a curve representing the angular offset of the Sun from its mean position on the celestial sphere as viewed from Earth. The equation of time values for each day of the year, compiled by astronomical observatories, were widely listed in almanacs and ephemerides.
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