Document
... • Pain can be modulated by the release of opioid peptides. Neurons of the periaqueductal gray in the midbrain have excitatory synaptic connections with serotonergic neurons in nucleus raphe magnus and with noradrenergic neurons in the lower brainstem reticular formation. The serotonergic neurons (1) ...
... • Pain can be modulated by the release of opioid peptides. Neurons of the periaqueductal gray in the midbrain have excitatory synaptic connections with serotonergic neurons in nucleus raphe magnus and with noradrenergic neurons in the lower brainstem reticular formation. The serotonergic neurons (1) ...
weiten6_PPT03
... oscilloscope. (a) At rest, the neuron is like a tiny wet battery with a resting potential of about –70 millivolts. (b) When a neuron is stimulated, a sharp jump in its electric potential occurs, resulting in a spike on the oscilloscope recording of the neuron’s electrical activity. This change in vo ...
... oscilloscope. (a) At rest, the neuron is like a tiny wet battery with a resting potential of about –70 millivolts. (b) When a neuron is stimulated, a sharp jump in its electric potential occurs, resulting in a spike on the oscilloscope recording of the neuron’s electrical activity. This change in vo ...
Neuroscience 5a – Touch and Proprioception
... Receptors The receptors for touch are found as peripheral nerve terminals of axons of dorsal root ganglion cells. They are all mechanoreceptors and they fire action potentials when either nerve endings or connective tissue structures on the nerve endings become deformed. As the endings become more a ...
... Receptors The receptors for touch are found as peripheral nerve terminals of axons of dorsal root ganglion cells. They are all mechanoreceptors and they fire action potentials when either nerve endings or connective tissue structures on the nerve endings become deformed. As the endings become more a ...
Developmental biology 2008 Fates of the ectoderm: The neural tube
... ”Inside-out” gradient of development: in all of the brain, neurons with the earliest birthdays populate the inner, and those with later birthdays the outer, layers. In Reeler and Scrambler mice, the gradient is reversed due to neuronal migration defects, and the mice exhibit tremors, dystonia, and a ...
... ”Inside-out” gradient of development: in all of the brain, neurons with the earliest birthdays populate the inner, and those with later birthdays the outer, layers. In Reeler and Scrambler mice, the gradient is reversed due to neuronal migration defects, and the mice exhibit tremors, dystonia, and a ...
REVIEW THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
... 33. A major subdivision of the nervous system that serves as the communication lines, linking all parts of the body to the CNS.__________________________________ nervous system. 34. The ________________________________________ nervous system does not come in contact with the environment. 35. The aut ...
... 33. A major subdivision of the nervous system that serves as the communication lines, linking all parts of the body to the CNS.__________________________________ nervous system. 34. The ________________________________________ nervous system does not come in contact with the environment. 35. The aut ...
Control and Coordination
... increase in diameter of pupil, which allows more light in. When we come out of the dark room into broad day light the diameter of the pupil decreases allowing less light to enter into the eyes. Both these functions occur under the influence of the autonomic nervous system. ...
... increase in diameter of pupil, which allows more light in. When we come out of the dark room into broad day light the diameter of the pupil decreases allowing less light to enter into the eyes. Both these functions occur under the influence of the autonomic nervous system. ...
Slide ()
... The axons of retinal ganglion cells grow to the optic tectum in discrete steps. Two neurons that carry information from the nasal half of the retina are shown. The axon of one crosses the optic chiasm to reach the contralateral optic tectum. The axon of the other also crosses the optic chiasm but pr ...
... The axons of retinal ganglion cells grow to the optic tectum in discrete steps. Two neurons that carry information from the nasal half of the retina are shown. The axon of one crosses the optic chiasm to reach the contralateral optic tectum. The axon of the other also crosses the optic chiasm but pr ...
nervous system
... the external chemical environment of neurons by removing excess ions (notably potassium). Also they take up neurotransmitters that are released by neurons during synaptic transmission and recycling them. ...
... the external chemical environment of neurons by removing excess ions (notably potassium). Also they take up neurotransmitters that are released by neurons during synaptic transmission and recycling them. ...
Nervous System
... within viscera (internal organs), the afferent nerves that relay the information to the CNS, and the efferent nerves that relay the action back to the effectors. The effectors in this system are smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands, all structures that function without conscious control. An exam ...
... within viscera (internal organs), the afferent nerves that relay the information to the CNS, and the efferent nerves that relay the action back to the effectors. The effectors in this system are smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands, all structures that function without conscious control. An exam ...
Hearing and Equilibrium Human Ear Major questions Anatomy of
... Sound Sensory Receptors (Fig 16.20d) • Hair cells sit on basilar membrane • Apical surface stereocilia- longest embedded in overlying tectorial membrane • Perilymph vibrating -->basilar membrane--> stereocilia flex back and forth in or against tectorial membrane • Mechanical opening of ion channels ...
... Sound Sensory Receptors (Fig 16.20d) • Hair cells sit on basilar membrane • Apical surface stereocilia- longest embedded in overlying tectorial membrane • Perilymph vibrating -->basilar membrane--> stereocilia flex back and forth in or against tectorial membrane • Mechanical opening of ion channels ...
Chapter 7.5 PowerPoint
... Increasing the angle between two bones, or straightening a body part. ...
... Increasing the angle between two bones, or straightening a body part. ...
Test 5 Study Guide
... o The brain waves produced by normal adults while resting with their eyes closed are alpha waves. o In deep sleep the EEG pattern is characterized as "slow wave."\Hallucinogenic drugs, such as LSD, function by stimulating serotonin receptors. Neurotransmitters influence brain chemistry and behavior ...
... o The brain waves produced by normal adults while resting with their eyes closed are alpha waves. o In deep sleep the EEG pattern is characterized as "slow wave."\Hallucinogenic drugs, such as LSD, function by stimulating serotonin receptors. Neurotransmitters influence brain chemistry and behavior ...
Reading_Nervous_System
... CNS: neurons, brain, spinal cord The neuron transmits electric signals like an electric wire. The perikaryon (cell body) is the neuron central part. Dendrites, short branches, extend from the neuron. These input channels receive information from other neurons or sensory cells (cells that receive inf ...
... CNS: neurons, brain, spinal cord The neuron transmits electric signals like an electric wire. The perikaryon (cell body) is the neuron central part. Dendrites, short branches, extend from the neuron. These input channels receive information from other neurons or sensory cells (cells that receive inf ...
Nervous System
... • A young bird leaves the nest but does not become sexually mature until the following spring. • A male that has been hatched and reared in isolation can sing but not the species specific song. • If a young bird hears the adult song but its hearing is blocked before spring it is unable to repeat th ...
... • A young bird leaves the nest but does not become sexually mature until the following spring. • A male that has been hatched and reared in isolation can sing but not the species specific song. • If a young bird hears the adult song but its hearing is blocked before spring it is unable to repeat th ...
Chapter 2 - Biological Basis of Behavior
... practice something like catching a ruler over and over again, all the members of that neural pathway (eye, brain, muscles) become more well-connected and efficient. This phenomenon is often referred to as muscle memory. However, no matter how good your muscle memory for this task becomes, it will al ...
... practice something like catching a ruler over and over again, all the members of that neural pathway (eye, brain, muscles) become more well-connected and efficient. This phenomenon is often referred to as muscle memory. However, no matter how good your muscle memory for this task becomes, it will al ...
Poster Example
... The study of neuron-specific factors requires pure neuronal cultures. However, the absence of glia can affect the physiology of neurons negatively. This study compared three different treatments of neuronal cultures in order to find a treatment that reversed the deleterious effects of removing glia ...
... The study of neuron-specific factors requires pure neuronal cultures. However, the absence of glia can affect the physiology of neurons negatively. This study compared three different treatments of neuronal cultures in order to find a treatment that reversed the deleterious effects of removing glia ...
The language of the brain
... for increasing the strengths of synapses—an important process in forming long-term memories. A synapse is said to be strengthened when the firing of a neuron on one side of a synapse leads the neuron on the other side of the synapse to register a stronger response. In 1997 Henry Markram and Bert Sak ...
... for increasing the strengths of synapses—an important process in forming long-term memories. A synapse is said to be strengthened when the firing of a neuron on one side of a synapse leads the neuron on the other side of the synapse to register a stronger response. In 1997 Henry Markram and Bert Sak ...
The Nervous System
... short axon – carry messages from sensory receptors to the CNS. – The cell bodies of the sensory neurons leading to the spinal cord are located in clusters, called ganglia, next to the spinal cord. – The axons usually terminate at interneurons. ...
... short axon – carry messages from sensory receptors to the CNS. – The cell bodies of the sensory neurons leading to the spinal cord are located in clusters, called ganglia, next to the spinal cord. – The axons usually terminate at interneurons. ...
Current concepts in central nervous system regeneration
... from adult brain regions.10 The demonstration that the adult brain contains stem cells raises the attractive possibility that endogenous neurogenesis may be manipulated to therapeutic advantage11 after CNS injury. DNA labelling studies have shown that progenitors residing in the subventricular zones ...
... from adult brain regions.10 The demonstration that the adult brain contains stem cells raises the attractive possibility that endogenous neurogenesis may be manipulated to therapeutic advantage11 after CNS injury. DNA labelling studies have shown that progenitors residing in the subventricular zones ...
Central Nervous System
... System (PNS), it is not protected by bone, leaving it exposed to toxins and mechanical injuries. ...
... System (PNS), it is not protected by bone, leaving it exposed to toxins and mechanical injuries. ...
molecular mechanisms of axonal regeneration in the central
... sprouts to occupy the synaptic space formerly occupied by the transected axon. These observations suggest neurons can initiate regenerative growth following CNS injury but that obstacles prevent significant elongation. Adult neurons may fail to express growth-promoting genes that are normally active ...
... sprouts to occupy the synaptic space formerly occupied by the transected axon. These observations suggest neurons can initiate regenerative growth following CNS injury but that obstacles prevent significant elongation. Adult neurons may fail to express growth-promoting genes that are normally active ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... Cholinergic muscarinic receptors (M1-M8) Work via the second messenger system (IP3 and DAG) M1 – postsynaptic membranes; M2 – presynaptic membranes Agonist - muscarine Antagonist – - atropine,scopolamine M2), -pirenzepine (M1, M4) The effect of ACh binding: ...
... Cholinergic muscarinic receptors (M1-M8) Work via the second messenger system (IP3 and DAG) M1 – postsynaptic membranes; M2 – presynaptic membranes Agonist - muscarine Antagonist – - atropine,scopolamine M2), -pirenzepine (M1, M4) The effect of ACh binding: ...
MS Word Version - Interactive Physiology
... 11. (Page 8.) What is the relationship between the length of an axon and the size of its cell body? 12. (Page 9.) Label the diagram on p. 9. 13. (Page 9.) What terms are used for the following? a. The region of the cell body that the axon arises from. b. Branches of axons. c. Profuse branches at the ...
... 11. (Page 8.) What is the relationship between the length of an axon and the size of its cell body? 12. (Page 9.) Label the diagram on p. 9. 13. (Page 9.) What terms are used for the following? a. The region of the cell body that the axon arises from. b. Branches of axons. c. Profuse branches at the ...