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... • Slender processes of uniform diameter arising from the hillock • Long axons are called nerve fibers • Usually there is only one unbranched axon per neuron • Rare branches, if present, are called axon collaterals ...
Neuropilin-2 Regulates the Development of Select Cranial and
Neuropilin-2 Regulates the Development of Select Cranial and

... trap vector in the neuropilin-2 gene, as revealed by RTPCR and 5⬘-RACE. The insertion site was found to be in an intron interrupting the neuropilin-2 coding sequence at cDNA position 2069 nt (amino acid Pro-680), located one-third of the way into the MAM domain of neuropilin-2. The mutant allele was ...
Somatic sensations
Somatic sensations

... The sclera (“white” of the eye) protects the eye; the dark-pigmented choroid underlies the sclera and prevents light from scattering. Most of the blood vessels lie in the choroid. Behind the cornea is the pigmented iris; the hole at the center of the iris is the pupil, the entrance for light which c ...
Examination of sensory physiology Obgective:To determine the
Examination of sensory physiology Obgective:To determine the

... oblongata, where they synapse in the gracile and cuneate nuclei. The second order neurons from these nuclei cross the midline and ascend in the medial lemniscus to nucleus of thalamus . this is called dorsal column pathway . other touch fibers (crud) with those mediating temperature and pain synapse ...
Chapter 14 - apsubiology.org
Chapter 14 - apsubiology.org

... elevates blood glucose levels for use by nervous tissue shifts cellular metabolism to fats for other tissues stimulates the reticular activating system (RAS) of the brain, increasing mental alertness ...
Neuroembryology I
Neuroembryology I

... Neuroepithelial layer forms ca. 250K neurons/minute! More neurons are born than survive. Once all neurons & macroglia are formed it differentiates into ependymal cells that line the ventricular system. ...
Neuroanatomy
Neuroanatomy

... *Also in the cerebellar lesion , due to loss of coordination the patient will suffer from NYSTAGMUS, lack of coordination between median and lateral rectus , also , the patient will show difficulty in speaking”DYSARTHRIA” due to lack of coordination of Laryngeal muscle , tongue muscle and palatal mu ...
Bursting the unfolded protein response accelerates axonal
Bursting the unfolded protein response accelerates axonal

... duration of the stress stimuli to orchestrate adaptive or pro-apoptotic mechanisms, determining cell fate. ER stress has emerged as an important event driving neurodegeneration in pathological conditions of the CNS and PNS (reviewed in Li et al., 2013; Hetz and Mollereau, 2014). Axonal damage to the ...
Review Handout
Review Handout

... Gray matter is divided into ventral horns (contents include somatic motor neurons) and dorsal horns (receive sensory input) Dorsal roots carry afferent (sensory) impulses to spinal cord Ventral roots carry motor impulses (somatic & autonomic) to the periphery ...
Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue
Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

... • Spinal nerves have a dorsal root (sensory neurons) and a ventral root (motor neurons) • Names of nerves in plexuses generally describe ...
Memory from the dynamics of intrinsic membrane currents
Memory from the dynamics of intrinsic membrane currents

... by the Kv1.3 current caused the cell to fire tonically when depolarized but not to fire bursts of action potentials in response to a short depolarization. When a longer current pulse was applied, the neuron initially fired tonically, but then as Kv1.3 slowly inactivated, the cell moved back into its ...
Sheet#6 Motor system
Sheet#6 Motor system

... * Action potential being through nerve then acetylcholine is released which effect postsynaptic on muscle and contraction is accomplished. *Motor neurons are present in the anterior gray horn of the spinal cord (where a neuron cell body is found), the axon of each neuron then travels to muscles for ...
2013 Anatomy -Training Handout
2013 Anatomy -Training Handout

... 1. Outer layer consists of sclera and cornea 2. Middle layer consists of choroid, ciliary body and iris 3. Inner layer consists of retina Functions of the major parts of the eye: Sclera or Scleroid Layer – (white of eye) a tough protective layer of connective tissue that helps maintain the shape of ...
Sample pages 2 PDF
Sample pages 2 PDF

... avenue in the study of neurotransmission that has started recently to be explored. Colocalization of classical neurotransmitters within single terminals was initially perceived as a curiosity and their potential co-release was viewed with skepticism. The molecular explanation, as well as the physiol ...
Essentials of Human Anatomy Special Senses Special Senses
Essentials of Human Anatomy Special Senses Special Senses

... • Optic disc lacks photoreceptors. • Called the blind spot because no image forms there. • Just lateral to the optic disc is a rounded, yellowish region of the retina called the macula lutea containing a pit called the fovea centralis (the area of sharpest vision). – contains the highest proportion ...
Dual inhibition of the dactyl opener muscle in lobster
Dual inhibition of the dactyl opener muscle in lobster

... recruited a combination of IJPs and EJPs (data not shown), consistent with the possibility that the axon of CI travels with the axon of OE to reach both the stretcher and the opener before branching to reach the closer (path illustrated by broken line in Fig.·1). Finally, to obtain histological conf ...
Genetic analysis of dopaminergic system development in zebrafish
Genetic analysis of dopaminergic system development in zebrafish

... Delta=Notch signaling is also involved in DA specification, but its role has not been analyzed in detail. Mutations in mib, a ubiquitin ligase required for proper Delta=Notch signaling, generate supernummary DA neurons in all clusters, indicating that this neurogenic switch is broadly involved in res ...
SPHS 4050, Neurological Bases, PP 08b
SPHS 4050, Neurological Bases, PP 08b

... – cell bodies are in primary motor cortex (pre-central gyrus) – axons descend • ….synapse to lower motor neurons (2nd order neurons of the motor pathway): Multipolar neurons which function as motor neuron (alpha motor neuron) – In efferent pathways to head, pharynx, larynx, and muscles of shoulder s ...
CH 8 Nervous System - Belle Vernon Area School District
CH 8 Nervous System - Belle Vernon Area School District

... Chuck was not seriously injured, but when he was revived, he could not remember how many balls and strikes the batter had. This was because A. sensory memory had not been converted to short-term memory. B. short-term memory had not been converted to sensory memory. C. he lost both sensory and short- ...
Chapter 13
Chapter 13

... C.One increases and one inhibits actions of the organ. D.One is sensory and one is motor. 42. Which of these is the best analysis of the function of the autonomic nervous system? A.Conscious control of muscle movements is coordinated with sensory stimuli. B.It controls muscle movements that are prim ...
Dalibor Sames Tuesday, June 21, 2016, 10:30am
Dalibor Sames Tuesday, June 21, 2016, 10:30am

... will describe how this overarching theme led us to the development of conceptually new imaging agents, termed fluorescent false neurotransmitters (or FFNs). FFN probes as fluorescent tracers of endogenous neurotransmitters enable microscopic imaging of neurotransmitter release from individual presyn ...
Chapter 16 Sense Organs
Chapter 16 Sense Organs

... • activate G protein and cAMP system • opens ion channels for Na+ or Ca2+ – depolarizes membrane and creates receptor potential ...
Molecular and Cellular aspects of a Sacred Disease `Epilepsy`
Molecular and Cellular aspects of a Sacred Disease `Epilepsy`

... a seizure. A condition with recurrent seizures of neuronal origin refers to as epilepsy. Normal function of CNS depends on the initiation and transmission of excitatory impulse from one region to another. Most of the neurons in brain are excitatory and utilize glutamate as excitatory neurotransmitt ...
Lect16
Lect16

... • If you want your test remarked – Compare your grade to posted marking scheme – Tests will be entirely remarked /56 – Your test must NOT leave the office – All requests submitted by 1pm Nov 18 ...
Gaurav Anand - UMKC School of Medicine
Gaurav Anand - UMKC School of Medicine

... Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO ...
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Synaptogenesis

Synaptogenesis is the formation of synapses between neurons in the nervous system. Although it occurs throughout a healthy person's lifespan, an explosion of synapse formation occurs during early brain development, known as exuberant synaptogenesis. Synaptogenesis is particularly important during an individual's critical period, during which there is a certain degree of synaptic pruning due to competition for neural growth factors by neurons and synapses. Processes that are not used, or inhibited during their critical period will fail to develop normally later on in life.
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